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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The acute effects of cocaine on anterior pituitary hormones in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys.

Cocaine stimulates a rapid release of gonadotropins in intact rhesus males and females and human males and enhances synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This report describes the effects of acute cocaine administration on basal and synthetic LHRH-stimulated anterior pituitary hormones [LH, FSH and prolactin (PRL)] in five ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys. Integrated blood samples were collected every 10 min for 40 min before i.v. administration of cocaine (0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg) or an equal volume of vehicle control solution and for 110 min after cocaine or placebo administration. Synthetic LHRH (100 micrograms i.v.) was administered 10 min after cocaine or placebo-cocaine injection. In contrast to previous observations in rhesus and human males and in early follicular and midluteal phase rhesus females, cocaine did not change basal levels of gonadotropins or PRL in long-term ovariectomized females. LHRH stimulated a significant and sustained increase in LH (P < .01) within 20 min and FSH (P < .05) within 40 min after placebo-cocaine administration. LHRH also stimulated significant increases in LH and FSH after 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg cocaine administration. Significant increases in LH (P < .05) and FSH (P < .01) were measured 10 min sooner after 0.8 mg/kg cocaine than after placebo-cocaine, but cocaine did not significantly increase the magnitude or duration of LHRH-stimulated increases in gonadotropins in ovariectomized females as it did in follicular phase females. Basal PRL levels (3.6 +/- 0.2 and 5.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) did not change after administration of cocaine alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pituitary pigmentary hormones. Relationship of melanocyte-stimulating hormone to lipotropic hormone.

Pituitary control of pigmentation has known for more than 60 years. Since 1969, beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) has been accepted as the main pituitary pigmentary hormone in man. Its "constant companionship" with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has also been repeatedly demonstrated. Current investigations challenge both of these concepts. Human beta-MSH immunoreactivity has been shown to be actually due to beta-lipotropic hormone (beta-LPH), a larger molecule that within itself contains the entire amino acid sequence of beta-MSH. Human beta-MSH does not exist in vivo; it is merely an extraction artifact formed by enzymatic degradation of beta-LPH. It would appear likely that beta-LPH, not beta-MSH, is the constant companion of ACTH.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1993

The pituitary hormones arginine vasopressin-neurophysin II and oxytocin-neurophysin I show close linkage with interleukin-1 on mouse chromosome 2.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are posterior pituitary hormones. AVP is involved in fluid homeostasis, while OXT is involved in lactation and parturition. AVP is derived from a larger precursor, pre-pro-arginine-vasopressin-neurophysin II (prepro-AVP-NP II; AVP), and is physically linked to prepro-oxytocin-neurophysin I (prepro-OXT-NP I; OXT). The genes for AVP and OXT are separated by only 12 kb of DNA in humans, whereas in the mouse 3.5 kb of intergenic sequence lies between Avp and Oxt. Interspecific backcross analysis has now been used to map the Avp/Oxt complex to chromosome 2 in the mouse. This map position confirms and extends the known region of linkage conservation between mouse chromosome 2 and human chromosome 20.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of bombesin on basal and stimulated secretion of some pituitary hormones in humans.

The effect of bombesin (5 ng/kg/min X 2.5 h) on basal pituitary secretion as well as on the response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH; 200 micrograms) plus luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH; 100 micrograms) was studied in healthy male volunteers. The peptide did not change the basal level of growth hormone (GH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). On the contrary, the pituitary response to releasing hormones was modified by bombesin administration. When compared with control (saline) values, prolactin and TSH levels after TRH were lower during bombesin infusion, whereas LH and FSH levels after LHRH were higher. Thus bombesin affects in man, as in experimental animals, the secretion of some pituitary hormones.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ovarian-pituitary hormone interactions during the perimenopause.

To describe the hormone changes that occur at the onset of the perimenopause, daily urine and random blood samples were collected from 5 peri-menopausal women for 3 or 4 consecutive cycles. Estrone conjugate and pregnanediol-3-glucoronide concentrations were determined for urine samples. Circulating luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, progesterone, estradiol and estrone concentrations were determined in serum samples. Two of the 5 women experienced irregular menstrual intervals during the study period. One of these subjects experienced a prolonged intermenstrual interval. Three other women exhibited apparently regular ovulatory menstrual cycles. The prolonged intermenstrual interval of one women exhibiting irregular menstrual intervals was associated with low urinary estrogen levels in the early follicular phase of the affected cycle, followed by increased gonadotrophin levels and increased estrogen levels that rose to exceed normal cycle concentrations by 2- or 3-fold. Increased estrogen levels were followed by declining gonadotrophin levels, minimal progesterone production, and, ultimately, vaginal bleeding. These data suggest that there are some forms of menstrual variability at the time of the perimenopause associated with lowered early follicular phase estrogen levels. Reduced negative feedback and subsequently increased gonadotrophin levels may have stimulated estrogen production which may have suppressed gonadotrophin secretion and lowered estrogen excretion, resulting in the observed oscillations between episodes of hypo- and hyperestrogenism.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Biosynthetic Met-hGH: lack of immunoreactivity for other pituitary hormones.

The immunoreactivities of 5 hGH preparations were examined in RIA systems for hPRL, hACTH, hLH, hFSH and hTSH. All preparations derived from pituitary extracts showed distinct displacements in almost all RIA systems when added 10(3) to 10(4) times larger amounts than the proper hormones. On the other hand, biosynthetic methionyl-hGH did not manifest any immunoreactivity in any system with comparable amounts. These results indicate that the displacements caused by hGH preparations in RIA systems for other pituitary hormones are solely due to contamination, and not due to intrinsic cross reaction. In in vitro and in vivo studies using extractive preparations of hGH one should be cautious about contamination of other pituitary hormones.

Growth Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Anterior pituitary hormone secretion in chronic schizophrenics.

Venous samples were obtained serially from 18 chronic schizophrenics and nine controls before and after the intravenous administration of protirelin and gonadorelin (gonadotropin releasing hormone [GnRH] ) and by venipuncture from 38 controls. Significant reductions in basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were found in the schizophrenic group associated with a reduction in the fluctuation of LH in serial samples. The FSH and prolactin responses to the administration of protirelin and gonadorelin were reduced in the schizophrenic group and abnormal increments of growth hormone secretion were noted in a number of patients, particularly those with reduced basal and stimulated hormone secretion. This pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, which is distinct from that seen in other psychiatric and endocrinological conditions, suggests a reduction in spontaneous GnRH release from the hypothalamus in schizophrenia and may be of potential pathophysiological significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influence of norepinephrine administration upon pituitary hormone secretion in normal men.

This study has investigated the effects of 6.2, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/kg/min/60 min of NE infused to normal men. Blood samples were obtained every 10 min, before, during and after drug administration for 3 consecutive h. Plasma levels on NE, LH, FSH, PRL, and GH were measured in all samples. The administration of 12.5 ng/kg/min over 60 min of NE induced a significant increase (p less than 0.001) in plasma NE levels (n = 5) from a mean (+/- SE) baseline of 239 +/- 14 ng/L to 706 +/- 54 ng/L which peaked and plateaued at 40 min. The calculated area under the curve was 18562 +/- 3537 ng/L/h of NE and significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than during the h before the infusion (2358 +/- 780 ng/L/h). This increase in plasma NE correlated well with the rise in plasma LH which showed a steady increase from baseline of 7.4 +/- 1.3 mIU/ml to a significant (p less than 0.05) peak of 11 +/- 1.9 mIU/ml at the end of the infusion. Furthermore, analysis of the area under the curve revealed a greater (p less than 0.05) LH release during the NE infusion (180 +/- 18 mIU/ml/h) than before the infusion (92 +/- 17 mIU/ml/h). With the exception of the studies utilizing 12.5 ng/kg/min/60 min, all other doses of NE resulted in no significant and/or consistent changes in plasma concentration of LH, FSH, GH and PRL. Thus, the direct participation of NE in the control of LH secretion in humans seems to occur in a very narrow window.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Plasma levels of fractionated estrogens and pituitary hormones in endometrial carcinoma.

Plasma levels of estrone (E1), estradiol-17beta (E2), and estriol (E3), as well as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin were measured in 30 control subjects and in 20 postmenopausal patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Within the sensitivity of the assay (5 to 10 pg.), no E3 was found. Mean levels of E1 and E2 in the patients with carcinoma (42.64+/-3.8 (S.E.M.) and 17.3+/-1.7 (S.E.M.) pg. per mililiter) were significantly higher than those measured in the control subjects (E1=26.97+/-2.4 (S.E.M.) pg. per mililiter, p less than 0.001; E2=12.08+/-1.2 (S.E.M.) pg. per milliliter, p less than 0.02). Effects of age, diabetic status, and obesity were taken into consideration. Significant differences in FSH and marginally significant differences in prolactin levels were observed between the two groups. Mean levels of FSH, LH, and prolactin in the control group and the group with adenocarcinoma, respectively, were as follows: FSH=152.3+/-7.0 (S.E.M.) versus 98.1+/-8.9 (S.E.M.) mI.U. per milliliter, p less than 0.001; LH=64.7+/-3.1 (S.E.M.) versus 66.5+/-5.2 mI.U. per milliliter, difference not significant; and prolactin=14.3+/-0.9 (S.E.M.) versus 17.8+/1.7 (S.E.M.) ng. per milliliter, p less than 0.06. These results, as well as previously reported alterations in human growth hormone secretion, suggest aberrations in hypothalamic function in endometrial carcinoma.

Age Factors↗