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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Automobile driving studies to determine alcohol-induced driving insecurity after dark].

To further elucidate the question whether the criteria for assessing alcohol-induced unfitness to drive should be stricter for night-time than for day-time driving (cf. Schewe et al., 1977) 64 test persons performed automobile driving tests in daylight and in darkness while being sober and while under the influence of alcohol. The first set of tests was done in daylight. A test course of approx. 600 m involving six everyday driving maneuvers had to be covered, first in the sober state and then at blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 1.1 g % and 1.4 g %. The driving tests in the dark were performed on the same test course, first in the sober state and then at a BAC of 1.1 g%. In both test series the errors were counted and the driving times measured. Statistical evaluation of the test results was done parametrically (t-test for dependent random samples) and distribution-free (Wilcoxon's test for paired comparison). In the sober state 2.1 errors were made on average during the day and 3.2 errors, i.e. one error more, at night. At 1.1 g %, 4.3 errors occurred during the day but 8.0 errors at night (i.e. 3.7 errors more than during the day). The differences were statistically significant. With 8 errors during night-time driving at 1.1 g % the number of errors was still higher than the average number of 6.8 errors made during day-time driving at 1.4 g %. The average driving times required in the sober state were 241 s during the day and 256 s at night. At 1.1 g %, 243 s were needed during the day and 272 s at night, i.e. on average 17 s more than for day-time driving at 1.4 g % for which 255 s were needed. For an orienting comparison of driving performance it can be assumed that "performance" in the sense meant here is reciprocally proportional to the number of errors and reciprocally proportional to the time required, i.e. on the whole reciprocally proportional to the product from number of errors and time. The deterioration of performance can be illustrated best by assuming performance in the sober state during the day to be 100% and relating the other "performances" thereto.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Practice relevant rapid tests for milk progesterone in cattle compared with a laboratory-connected routine method].

Four commercially available semiquantitative milk progesterone tests (Ovucheck-Praxistest: Cambridge Veterinary Science/Smith Kline), Progestassay-Milchprogesteron (Pitman-Moore/Janssen), Reprostrip-Progesteron-Schnelltest (Noctech/Albrecht), Enzygnost-Milchprogesteron (IQ, 'Bio' UK/Hoechst Veterinär) were examined for their accuracy by using them for the determination of progesterone levels of 64 milk samples, i.e. 1556 single assays. Several test series were performed, using codified samples and changing sequences. Three or four test persons respectively, performed the tests independently and classified the samples semiquantitatively. These test results were then compared to the results acquired by measuring the progesterone levels of the same samples by means of an approved quantitative, labor-bound progesterone test (Hormonost: Biolab). These control tests were performed at a specialized routine labor, by different personnel and at a different location. Lastly, in 48 out of the 64 sampled animals the reproductive status could be evaluated clinically and was taken into account as well. Samples yielding high progesterone levels, i.e. greater than or equal to 9 ng/ml were classified correctly in 84.4 to 96.5% of the cases, whereas samples with low levels (less than or equal to 2.5 ng/ml) were classified correctly in 68.8 to 90.0% of the cases only. Samples ranging between this spectrum (greater than 2.5 less than 9 ng/ml) were classified correctly only in 42.1 to 52.6% of the cases. However, this range appears to be of the most interest for the veterinary practitioner since cows in proestrus or early interestrus tend to have mild progesterone levels within these values. On the other hand, clinical findings are often insufficient for a proper diagnosis just in these animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Vitamin deficiencies and public interventions in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Vitamin supply of adults in the Federal Republic of Germany is - on the average of the population - satisfactory; i.e. the great majority of test persons who underwent biochemical tests (in each case more than 70%) has been found to show at least satisfactory values of vitamin supply with the usual diet. Measuring values of folic acid, thiamin and vitamin B6 were most frequent in the critical range. Uncertain supply with riboflavin, vitamin A and vitamin C has been found in some age and professional groups only; supply with vitamin B12, vitamin E and niacin was not certain in some exceptional cases only. Groups of above-average risk of uncertain vitamin supply so far are young women (18-24 years) and senior men (above 65 years). The pattern of supply gaps is clearly different: in young women, uncertain supply includes folic acid, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and (as the only group) vitamin E; in older men, it includes vitamin C, vitamin A and riboflavin). The educational level is another important factor of influence which has to be taken into account. This is pleasant finding because it gives reason to assume that improved capability to inform oneself leads, at least in part of the population, to a more balanced diet. In cases of lower educational levels, on the other hand, the interest in questions of health and maintenance of health is much lower. This also becomes manifest in a clearly reduced readiness to participate in nutritional inquiries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Personality patterns seen in irritable bowel syndrome patients.

A study of the personality styles seen in individuals having irritable bowel syndrome was done in a group of 82 patients with this diagnosis. An objective personality test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, was administered to the irritable bowel syndrome patient group to produce individual profiles for each patient. The 82 profiles were subjected to q-factor analysis resulting in four subgroupings of the original sample. Titles used to describe the personalities seen in the four groups included: inadequate dependency; somatization of affect; reactive depression; and 4) anger and denial. Future studies on the behavioral treatment of irritable bowel syndrome patients may well include a personality inventory as a consideration of how irritable bowel syndrome patients have different personality styles.

Anger↗
PubMed1983

Blast lymphocyte transformation (LTT), rosette (E-RFC) and leukocyte migration inhibition (MIF) tests in persons exposed to the action of lead during work. Report II.

80 persons from a city environment, aged 22 to 62, were examined (Cfr. Report I). Spontaneous blast T lymphocyte transformation was found to depend on lead concentration in the blood; the transformation was intensified as Pb 2+ ion concentration in the lymphocyte culture increased within the range of 10(-5) mg/ml. The process was of positive correlation and was statistically significant. PHA-induced blast lymphocyte transformation was found inversely proportional to serum Pb2+ ion concentration, the negative correlation of the two parameters was worked out. Thus, it was proved that mitogenic effects of the action of lead and PHA were of no additive nature, the actions of the two agents opposed each other, probably a competition for the place of specific binding to the cell membrane receptors took place. The process may be helpful in accounting for immunity changes in bodies exposed to the action of lead.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The value of growth hormone stimulation tests].

In 142 test persons the insulin hypoglycaemia test as well as the glucagon propranolol test were performed under the interrogation of a hyposomatotropism. The combination of these tests proved as suitable for the answers to this inquiry. The insulin hypoglycaemia test led in 29%, the propranolol glucagon test only in 6% to the false indication of a hyposomatotropism. Thus the propranolol glucagon test has the higher diagnostic certainty. Insulin hypoglycaemia test and propranolol glucagon test seem to have a different effect.

Glucagon↗
PubMed1978

[Development of standard psychological values for measuring brain performance at different ages under normal and pathological aspects (author's transl)].

The studies have shown that especially those tests that put the person tested under intense time pressure (d2 test and Pauli test) are suited for detecting diminished brain performance caused by cerebrovascular and other defects. The d2 test has proved to be the most sensitive and at the same time the most economical one (5 min). On the other hand the findings made by Löwe, Eitner et al. show that ageing people suffering from cerebrovascular disease but still able to work should be assigned work that requires a great deal of care rather than work that has to be done under time pressure. The determination of the flicker fusion frequency is seen in literature as a measure of vigilance. But the influences are of a very complex nature. We have found no correlation between the tests conducted by us, the attention test, the concentration pattern test and the Pauli test.

Adolescent↗