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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Extraction of light filth from rice flours, extruded rice products, and rice paper: collaborative study.

Two new methods were developed for the extraction of rodent hairs and insect fragments from rice products: one for rice flour and one for extruded rice products and rice paper. A 100 g sample of rice flour was extracted with mineral oil-40% isopropanol, followed by a water phase as needed for additional cycles. For extruded rice products and rice paper, a 225 g sample of each was initially extracted as above, followed by a single extraction with mineral oil-20% isopropanol. Both methods used an acid hydrolysis pretreatment followed by wet sieving and a percolator extraction. Average rodent hair recoveries were 77.8% for rice flour and 82.2% for extruded rice products and rice paper. Average insect fragment recoveries were 89.6% for rice flour and 91.9% for extruded rice products and rice paper. Both methods were adopted official first action.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Improved filter paper method for semiquantitative colony count in urine. Comparison with the counting plate (author's transl)].

A semiquantitative differential colony count of 10(4)-10(9) colonies/ml is quickly prepared by absorbing bacterial suspensions on suitable filter paper strips and subsequent printing on solid media. Single colonies permit firstly the important distinction of mixed and pure cultures, and secondly the immediate resistance test and differentiation. The immersion method using filter paper or agar carriers lacks these two advantages with colonies exceeding 10(5)/ml. Small samples of 1 ml suffice. The reliability and good reproducibility of the filter absorption method were demonstrated by comparison with counting plates, using several hundred samples of pure and mixed cultures of various bacteria with different filter papers and 1024 urine samples with the same type of filter paper. Owing to the small expenditure of material and time, this method is suitable as a screening test in urinary tract infections.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1996

Postoperative complications of elective surgeries in dogs and cats determined by examining electronic and paper medical records.

Postoperative complications (POC) that developed in dogs and cats that underwent elective ovariohysterectomy, castration, and declaw at a veterinary teaching hospital were determined by examining the computerized abstracts of the medical records and by examining a random sample of the paper medical records. When the computerized abstracts were examined, POC were found to have occurred in 62 (6.1%) of 1,016 dogs. One dog died and 6 others developed major complications. Postoperative complications were found to have occurred in 38 (2.6%) of 1,459 cats. Two cats died and 1 was euthanatized. Four other cats developed major complications. Complete paper medical records for 218 dogs and cats were examined. When the paper medical records were examined, the proportions of dogs and cats with POC were 19.4% and 12.2%, respectively. These proportions were 4 to 7 times higher than when the computerized abstracts were the data source. Results of this study indicate that the frequency of clinically relevant POC of elective surgeries in dogs and cats is substantial. Examination of the computerized abstracts of medical records at this hospital allowed us to rapidly identify cases that could be included in the study but the frequency of POC would be significantly underestimated if paper records were not also assessed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methodological structure for writing scientific papers].

Manuscripts submitted at meetings do not necessarily qualify as scientific papers since they do not adjust themselves to the objectives and structures required. It was concluded through this analysis that a scientific paper is an essential part of the proceeds of scientific research, which is not complete unless their results are published. Such a reason motivated us to conduct this study aimed at updating the methodological structure of the scientific paper, allowing those nursing professionals who review and prepare these texts to develop abilities in this sense, increasing the number and quality of the articles to be published. This bibliographic or documentary review was based on the study on PAHO's documents and from other Cuban authors that devote their time to examine these aspects. The nursing personnel will be able to improve and update their knowledge in this field and on the methodological structure of the scientific paper by this schematic information. This will influence on the quality, scientific and technical level, and national and international projection of the Cuban Journal of Nursing.

Cuba↗
PubMed2002

Exposure to culturable microorganisms in paper mills and presence of symptoms associated with infections.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of paper machine operators have to a large extent focused on endotoxins as a possible health hazard, but not culturable micro-organisms (MOs). METHODS: Based on exposure assessment in 11 paper mills workers exposed to culturable bio-aerosols were grouped in three exposure groups. 781 exposed and 285 unexposed workers completed a questionnaire that provided data pertaining to infections and associated symptoms. RESULTS: Concentrations of culturable bacteria in process waters varied in the range 10(4)-10(6) colony forming units (cfu)/ml, and in bio-aerosols concentrations varied typically in the range 10(4)-->10(5) cfu/m3. Operators exposed to bio-aerosols reported higher cumulative incidence of symptoms associated with infections compared to the reference population (ORs = 1.7-5.9), and the group of highest exposed workers reported higher cumulative incidence than the group of lowest exposed (ORs = 1.2-3.6). CONCLUSION: Exposure to bio-aerosols containing culturable MOs may induce symptoms associated with infections among operators in paper mills.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lung function in workers exposed to soft paper dust.

In a cross-sectional study, 13 nonsmoking men with heavy exposure to paper dust were compared with 14 unexposed men, mainly office workers, employed at the same paper mill. They were studied using questionnaires, physical examinations, pulmonary function studies, and chest radiographs. Among those exposed there was an increased lung elastic recoil pressure (Pel) compared with controls which was significant (p less than 0.05) at the maximal level of total lung capacity (100% TLC). Furthermore, among the exposed workers there was also a significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased residual volume (RV). Two of the exposed men underwent lung biopsies, one of which showed fibrotic alveolar walls. Among the exposed there was also a significant (p less than 0.05) predominance of symptoms from the lower respiratory tract. We suggest that the observed pulmonary function impairment taken together with the histological examination of the lung biopsies are signs of a nonspecific reaction to high levels of paper dust.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Protein kinase assay using tritiated peptide substrates and ferric adsorbent paper for phosphopeptide binding.

The recently described synthesis of ferric adsorbent paper has made possible the modification of protein kinase assays. The adsorbent contains ferric chelate groups, which are responsible for the binding of phosphopeptide via phosphate group. The selective adsorption of phosphopeptide contra nonphosphorylated peptide allows the use of tritium-labeled peptides and unlabeled ATP as substrates. The binding of the reaction product to the adsorbent was complete and was not affected by the amino acid sequence of the peptide. The conditions required for the separation of the produced phosphopeptide from the initial peptide have been worked out as well. The firmly bound phosphopeptide should be released from the ferric adsorbent paper prior to liquid scintillation counting. Using 0.1 m NH4HCO3 solution (pH 8.0), the elution of phosphopeptides was almost complete. The modified protein kinase assay proposed herein is rapid and allows handling of multiple samples simultaneously. In addition, the ferric paper method avoids the use of 32P-isotope, replacing it with 3H which has lower radiation energy and a much longer half-life.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1994

Farnesyl-protein transferase and geranylgeranyl-protein transferase assays using phosphocellulose paper absorption.

Farnesyl-protein transferase catalyzes the reaction of farnesyl pyrophosphate and its acceptors to yield farnesyl protein and pyrophosphate. Geranylgeranyl-protein transferases are distinct enzymes that catalyze the reaction of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and their acceptors. We used tritiated isoprenoid pyrophosphate donors and synthetic peptide acceptors to measure enzyme activities. The peptide acceptors contained basic amino acid residues on the amino terminus of tetrapeptide substrate determinants specific for each enzyme. Following the incubation, portions of the reaction mixture were applied to numbered phosphocellulose paper strips that were immersed in 95% ethanol/75 mM phosphoric acid (1/1; v/v). Acid promoted binding of positively charged peptide substrates and products to the negatively charged paper, and alcohol eluted the radioactive prenyl groups. Paper strips were processed in the same container in batches for 40 min, and radioactivity adsorbed to the strips was then measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The use of peptides makes the expression and purification of recombinant substrates in bacteria unnecessary. However, most proteins bind quantitatively to phosphocellulose at acidic pH, and the washing procedure developed for peptide substrates is applicable for measuring prenyltransferase activities with recombinant Ras proteins as acceptor.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

Red cell filtration by paper filters.

A method for the assessment of red cell filterability with paper filters is described. Two milliliters of a washed red cell suspension with a hematocrit of 50% was filtered through a filter paper cone in a glass funnel and the filtration half-time (FT1/2) was measured. The filter papers were calibrated by previous measurement of the filtration time for the suspending solution, the calibration time (CT). A linear correlation between CT and FT1/2 was found for individual red cell suspensions (p less than 0.001) as well as for a normal population (p less than 0.001). Consequently, the index FT1/2/CT should represent a more reproducible parameter than FT1/2 and experimentally this appears to be the case. In fact, elimination of erratic values in a normal population was realized. Furthermore, discrimination between normal and abnormal values was improved and the coefficient of variation of single measurements passed from 28.4 to 9.4%. The reproducibility and reliability of this extremely simple method are therefore decisively enhanced without complication of the procedure.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1976

Separation of pineal extracts by gelfiltration. V. Location by paper chromatography of a sheep pineal principle inhibiting hypophyseal gonadotropic activity.

Previously we were able to isolate by simple and mild methods from an aqueous sheep pineal extract an inhibiting principle action on the anterior hypophysis of male rats in vitro. This substance could be located by paper electrophoresis. In the present paper we describe the further purification of this active principle by paper chromatography in two different solvents. In two regions possessing a special fluorescence an inhibiting factor of the gonadotropic activity of the anterior pituitary was found in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Examination of the contaminants and performance of animals fed and bedded using de-inking paper sludge.

In the noncereal-producing areas, there is not enough straw to supply the amount required for animal bedding. However, pulp and paper mills produce tons of wood fiber wastes, including de-inking paper sludge (DPS), in which most toxic compounds are at their detection limit. Among the detected compounds in DPS, aluminum, copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present and were selected as model molecules. In this context, broilers were submitted to a diet containing 0, 5, and 10% of their ration as DPS. In addition, broilers and pigs were grown on de-inking paper sludge and wood shavings beddings. The presence of aluminum and copper were evaluated in blood and bones, whereas the presence of PAHs was evaluated in fat, liver, meat, and urine or blood of broilers and pigs. Animal performances were also investigated. DPS bedding did not increase aluminum or copper contents of blood or bones or PAHs in animal tissues. Animal performances and health were similar on DPS and wood shaving beddings. Using DPS as bedding material provides an integrated source of disposal of DPS and animal manure.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2006

Main lipophilic extractives in different paper pulp types can be removed using the laccase-mediator system.

Lipophilic extractives in wood and other lignocellulosic materials exert a negative impact in pulp and paper manufacturing causing the so-called pitch problems. In this work, the appropriateness of an enzymatic treatment using the laccase-mediator system for pitch biocontrol is evaluated. With this purpose, three pulp types representative for different raw materials and pulping processes-eucalypt kraft pulping, spruce thermomechanical pulping, and flax soda-anthraquinone pulping-were treated with a high-redox-potential laccase from the basidiomycete Pycnoporus cinnabarinus in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole as a redox mediator. The gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of the lipophilic extractives from the enzymatically treated pulps revealed that the laccase-mediator treatment completely or greatly removed most of the pitch-causing lipophilic compounds present in the different pulps including: (1) free and conjugated sitosterol in eucalypt paper pulp; (2) resin acids, sterol esters, and triglycerides in spruce pulp; and (3) sterols and fatty alcohols in the flax pulp. Different amounts of free and conjugated 7-oxosterols were found as intermediate products in the oxidation of pulp sterols. Therefore, the laccase-mediator treatment is reported as an efficient method for removing pitch-causing lipophilic compounds from paper pulps obtained from hardwood, softwood, and nonwoody plants.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1998

Cloning of a new endoglucanase gene from Bacillus sp. BP-23 and characterisation of the enzyme. Performance in paper manufacture from cereal straw.

The gene ce1A, encoding an endoglucanase from the strain Bacillus sp. BP-23, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of a 1867-bp DNA fragment containing the ce1A gene was determined, revealing an open reading frame of 1200 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 44,803 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded enzyme shows high homology to those of enzymes belonging to subtype 4 of the family-A cellulases. The ce1A gene product synthesized in E. coli showed activity on carboxymethylcellulose and lichenan but no activity was found on Avicel. Activity was enhanced in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ and Ca2+ and showed its maximum at 40 degrees C and pH 4.0. Study of the performance of Ce1A on paper manufacture from agricultural fibres showed that treatment with the enzyme improved the properties of the pulp and the quality of paper. Ce1A treatment enhanced the physical properties (stretch and tensile index) of paper from wheat straw, while dewatering properties were slightly diminished. Electron-microscope analysis showed that the surface of straw fibres was modified by Ce1A.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Conversion of paper sludge to ethanol. I: impact of feeding frequency and mixing energy characterization.

In this paper, conversion of paper sludge to ethanol was investigated with the objective of optimization of the overall operation costs. Experimental work was undertaken to optimize cellulase loading, and to determine mixing energy requirements. It was found that decreasing feeding frequency (feed additions per residence time) allows the cellulase loading to be decreased at least two fold with no decrease in cellulose conversion but also entails mixing a slurry of higher solids content and lower conversion at the beginning of the operating cycle. The viscosity of paper sludge slurries was found to increase exponentially with decreasing conversion and increasing solid content. In particular, the viscosity (V) was described well by equation V = e(kX-X )(0)(S-S)(0)+C (V viscosity (cp), X conversion, S solid content (g/L), k, X (0), S (0), C are empirical parameters). Added costs associated with operating at low feeding frequencies (including higher mixing energy and higher capital costs for the motor and for sludge hold tasks) were found to be small compared to the economic benefits resulting from reduced cellulase loading.

Cellulase↗
PubMed2006

Conversion of paper sludge to ethanol, II: process design and economic analysis.

Process design and economics are considered for conversion of paper sludge to ethanol. A particular site, a bleached kraft mill operated in Gorham, NH by Fraser Papers (15 tons dry sludge processed per day), is considered. In addition, profitability is examined for a larger plant (50 dry tons per day) and sensitivity analysis is carried out with respect to capacity, tipping fee, and ethanol price. Conversion based on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with intermittent feeding is examined, with ethanol recovery provided by distillation and molecular sieve adsorption. It was found that the Fraser plant achieves positive cash flow with or without xylose conversion and mineral recovery. Sensitivity analysis indicates economics are very sensitive to ethanol selling price and scale; significant but less sensitive to the tipping fee, and rather insensitive to the prices of cellulase and power. Internal rates of return exceeding 15% are projected for larger plants at most combinations of scale, tipping fee, and ethanol price. Our analysis lends support to the proposition that paper sludge is a leading point-of-entry and proving ground for emergent industrial processes featuring enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1986

CCA paper: a new two-dimensional cyanuric chloride-activated matrix for universal application in molecular biology.

A novel two-dimensional cyanuric chloride-activated (CCA) paper has been developed. It is composed of a cellulosic base, covalently bound cyanuric chloride, and microprecipitated complex cyanuric chloride-sodium chloride crystals on its surface. CCA paper covalently binds nucleic acids and proteins. Its binding capacity for nucleic acids is about 400 micrograms/cm2. Sealed into nitrogen-filled bags and stored at -20 degrees C, it retains its binding activity for at least a year and is always ready for use. CCA paper has been successfully used for capillary and electroblotting of DNA, RNA, and proteins (Southern, Northern, and Western blotting) as well as for dot tests. Furthermore, it was applied to colony and plaque hybridization. A unique property of it is that it permits the staining of proteins after blotting and subsequent performance of radioimmunological detection of specific protein components. This has proven advantageous in two-dimensional Western blotting experiments. Of further importance is its ability to bind DNA fragments from one up to several hundred bp from polyacrylamide sequencing gels.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Transmission densitometry of stained nitrocellulose paper.

We report a simple solution to the problem of quantitative densitometry of stained nitrocellulose paper. By immersing the paper in a household lubricating oil of matching refractive index, the light-scattering properties of the paper are largely eliminated, allowing precise transmission densitometry in any flat bed densitometer. The method was evaluated on immunochemically stained Western blots of the proteinases cathepsins B and L. An approximately linear relationship was found between the integrated absorbance of the stained zone and the logarithm of the amount of protease applied to the polyacrylamide gel over the range of 150 to 350 ng of cathepsin B and 50 to 250 ng of cathepsin L.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1992

Separation and purification of dolichol and dolichyl phosphate by anion-exchange paper chromatography: application to cultured cells.

Dolichyl phosphate, dolichol C80-105 (dolichol 17:dihydroheptadecaprenol-dolichol 21:dihydrohexeicosaprenol), and dolichol C55 (dolichol 11:dihydroundecaprenol) were separated by anion-exchange paper chromatography. Squalene, sterols, phospholipids, anionic glycolipids, and glycerol did not migrate as dolichyl phosphate, dolichol C80-105, and dolichol C55 under our elution conditions. However, since the Rf of triglycerides was similar to that of dolichol C80-105, saponification, prior to chromatography, removed traces of triglycerides. Silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) allowed the separation of dolichol C80-105 from dolichol C55, whereas dolichyl phosphate was eluted with other lipids. Incubation of spontaneously transformed cells derived from rat astrocytes primary cultures with [2-14C]acetate, saponification of the extracted lipids, and anion-exchange paper chromatography revealed the presence of radioactive dolichyl phosphate and dolichol C80-105 (15 pmol/mg protein). Extraction of labeled dolichyl phosphate followed by acid phosphatase treatment and subsequent analysis on TLC confirmed the identity of dolichyl phosphate since all the radioactivity was associated with dolichol C55. Treatment of the transformed cells with 30 microM 7-ketocholesterol or 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol stimulated markedly (two- to threefold) the incorporation of [2-14C]-acetate in both dolichol C80-105 and dolichyl phosphate. These data demonstrate that anion-exchange paper chromatography is technically suitable for the separation and analysis of dolichol C55, dolichol C80-105, and dolichyl phosphate in cultured cells prelabeled with radioactive precursors.

Acetates↗