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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Tuberculosis: from prehistory to Robert Koch, as revealed by ancient DNA.

During the past 10 years palaeomicrobiology, a new scientific discipline, has developed. The study of ancient pathogens by direct detection of their DNA has answered several historical questions and shown changes to pathogens over time. However, ancient DNA (aDNA) continues to be controversial and great care is needed to provide valid data. Here we review the most successful application of the technology, which is the study of tuberculosis. This has provided direct support for the current theory of Mycobacterium tuberculosis evolution, and suggests areas of investigation for the interaction of M tuberculosis with its host.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Otopathology of Egyptian mummy Pum II: final report.

Otoscopic examination of the ears of Egyptian mummy PUM II with the operating microscope revealed a small oval perforation of the right tympanic membrane in the posteroinferior quadrant. The smooth and concise margins suggested an etiology of middle ear infection. A method which allows decalcification of ancient specimens without disintegration of the eardrum and other soft tissues within the temporal bone was described. There was evidence of histological repair at the margins of the perforation consistent with sequela of otitis media. No other abnormalities were observed in the temporal bones of this individual. There was no evidence of otosclerosis bilaterally. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a pathological tympanic membrane perforation has been histologically documented in an ancient temporal bone.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1993

Clinical otosclerosis and auditory exostoses in ancient Europeans (investigation of Lithuanian paleoosteological samples).

The purpose of this investigation was to establish the incidence of clinical otosclerosis and auditory exostoses in Lithuanian paleopopulations. The total sample consists of 4080 skulls, dating from the Neolithic to the C17th-C18th A.D., investigated visually, under magnification and radiologically. Eight cases of clinical otosclerosis and 22 of auditory exostoses were identified. The general epidemiology of otosclerosis (0.19 +/- 0.08 per cent) was established to be similar to contemporary populations. This suggests that there are no new aetiological factors attributable to our modern society. Clear diminution of the incidence of auditory exostoses from the 1st to the 2nd millenium A.D. (3.46 +/- 0.76 per cent, against 0.06 +/- 0.04 per cent, p < 0.001) and definite sexual differences (males: 1.21 +/- 0.28 per cent; females: 0.17 +/- 0.10 per cent, p < 0.001) were also noted. In general, auditory exostoses were found much more frequently than in recent populations.

Ear Diseases↗