Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nutrition Programs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Gestational diabetes mellitus: a kitchen table approach.

The issue of gestational diabetes mellitus within disadvantaged communities is being addressed by Healthy Start for Mom & Me, a highly collaborative and multi-faceted prenatal nutrition program targeting at-risk women and teens in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The program s kitchen table approach focuses on the core concepts of education, community participation, and capacity-building to develop effective methods for community-based practice in this population. A qualitative case study of the program was conducted in 1999. This study showed that health education practices in the program are sensitive to marginalized women s needs and enhance service providers understanding of the context of participants lives. Community dietitians roles in this prenatal program are evolving, and are significant for other dietitians charting a new course of community-based practice.

Canada↗
PubMed2004

Insight from a breastfeeding peer support pilot program for husbands and fathers of Texas WIC participants.

A Father-to-Father Breastfeeding Support Pilot Program conducted by the Texas Department of Health provides a model of a viable way to increase breastfeeding rates in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC Program). The pilot concept was based on previous success with a breastfeeding peer counselor program and research documenting the father's attitude as an important influence on a mother's decision to breastfeed. Peer dads are fathers of breastfed infants participating in the WIC Program. They are recruited, trained, and hired to give breastfeeding and parenting information to other WIC fathers. WIC fathers rated the information they received as "very important" and indicated that counseling sessions would help them support their infants'mothers with breastfeeding and be better fathers. Breastfeeding initiation rates increased at clinics employing peer dads. Father-to-father breastfeeding education was successful in educating and empowering fathers, enabling them to support their breastfeeding family members.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The metabolic effects of oral L-carnitine administration in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition with fat.

beta-Oxidation, an important pathway in the metabolism of free fatty acids, occurs within the mitochondria in mammals. L-Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Maintenance of normal carnitine concentrations in whole blood and tissues, either through diet or biosynthesis, would appear necessary for adequate utilization of fat as an energy source. Infants, especially premature ones, without an exogenous dietary source of carnitine, have decreased plasma carnitine levels compared with infants receiving carnitine-supplemented feedings. To determine the importance of carnitine supplementation in a total parenteral nutrition program in infants in which a fat emulsion serves as a major calorie source, the following study was undertaken. Twelve infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with fat for seven days were divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 was orally supplemented for seven days with carnitine (70 mumol/l/kg/24 h in 24 mL of 5% dextrose), while the second group received seven days of placebo supplementation (dextrose 5%, 24 cc/24 h). Plasma carnitine levels in the carnitine-supplemented group were significantly higher (29 +/- 8 nmol/mL) than in the control group (12.4 +/- 3.5 nmol/mL) after seven days of treatment. However, clearance of serum triglycerides and free fatty acids was not significantly different between the two groups. Baseline triglyceride levels in the carnitine-supplemented group were 96 +/- 42 mg/dL, increased to 242 +/- 101 mg/dL after the lipid challenge and decreased to 121 +/- 47 mg/dL two hours after the lipid infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A proposal for detecting and managing gestational diabetes by coordinating existing services.

A significant improvement in the quality of births by low-income women can be achieved by implementing a low-cost screening procedure and by coordinating private and public sector services that these women may already be receiving. This proposal outlines a screening program for gestational diabetes, coupled with multidisciplinary team management of this disorder through cooperative efforts of private sector medical practitioners and the public sector nutrition program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The investment in this proposal is catalytic: the long-term intent is to persuade those in the medical community in the targeted geographic area to adopt the screening procedure and coordination with the WIC Program as a standard part of their prenatal care. If this proposed program is successful, it could be replicated in other parts of the country.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2005

The story of the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense's North American activities (1958-1970).

Of the 48 nutrition surveys conducted by the ICNND/Office of International Research/CDC Nutrition Programs during the years 1956-1970, 20 were performed in North America. Native Americans were surveyed in Alaska in 1958 and in Montana in 1961. In partnership with INCAP (Institute for Central America and Panama), six Central American countries were surveyed in 1965 through 1967. As mandated by Congress, 10 American states and one major city were surveyed during 1968-1970. Civilian and some military populations were included in these surveys. Teams of health, agriculture, and nutrition specialists drawn from academic institutions and from national and international agencies conducted each survey. We followed the methodology, standards, and definitions developed by ICNND in its Manual for Nutrition Surveys. Detailed findings, results and recommendations were published in a series of reports printed by the U.S. Government Printing Office. All 20 of the North American surveys found similar groups at risk of nutrition problems, including dental caries, goiter, growth retardation, female obesity, and "low" levels of hemoglobin, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin. Survey recommendations followed common themes: nutrition education, nutrient fortification of food or water, expanded supplemental food programs, provision of safe water supplies, proper sanitation and food safety, and enhanced nutrient content of basic foods.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Long-term consequences of early feeding on later obesity risk.

Some 30 years ago, Günter Dörner stated that the concentrations of hormones, metabolites and neurotransmitters during critical periods of early development will program disease risk in human adulthood, a concept that since has received enormous scientific support and broad attention. Evidence has also accumulated showing that early nutrition programs later obesity risk. Breastfeeding reduces the odds ratio for obesity at school age by about 20%, relative to formula feeding, adjusted for biological and sociodemographic confounding variables. We propose that the protective effect of breastfeeding is explained at least in part by the induction of lower rates of infant weight gain, which may be related to differences in substrate intakes with breast milk and standard infant formulae. Protein intake per kilogram body weight is some 55-80% higher in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants. We hypothesize that high early protein intakes in excess of metabolic requirements may enhance weight gain in infancy and later obesity risk (the 'early protein hypothesis'). The European Childhood Obesity Project is testing this hypothesis in a randomized double-blind intervention trial in more than 1,000 infants in 5 European countries. Infants that are not breast fed are randomized to formulae with higher or lower protein contents and are followed up to school age. If an effect of infant feeding habits on later obesity risk should be established, there is great potential for effective preventive intervention with a significant potential health benefit for the child and adult population.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Definition of standardized nutritional assessment and interventional pathways in oncology.

Weight loss and nutritional deterioration are associated with adverse outcomes in terms of cancer prognosis (response rate and survival) as well as increased complications, prolonged hospitalizations, increased risk of unplanned hospitalization, increased disability, and increased overall cost of care. The nutritional oncology service at Fox Chase Cancer Center defined a proactive, standardized assessment and interventional approach from 1987-1994. In 186 consecutive patients referred to the nutrition clinic and managed solely by oral intervention and aggressive symptom management, the team demonstrated a 50%-80% success rate in getting patients to maintain or gain weight during therapy, with a similar success in maintaining or improving visceral protein status as determined by serum transferrin and/or albumin. Evaluation of the home parenteral nutrition program (n = 65, from 1987-1993) demonstrated similar success when appropriate triaging was carried out, with 58% of patients able to be tapered off parenteral nutrition (PN) entirely or with transition to enteral tube feeding. The assessment of success for a nutritional intervention (e.g., a disease-specific nutritional supplement) requires the standardization of definitions, assessment tools, criteria for nutritional intervention, and appropriate end points for the assessment of outcomes. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment of nutritional status is used in conjunction with the nutritional risk of planned cancer therapy to define a standardized interventional approach in oncology patients, which can be used in clinical practice, cooperative oncology group protocols, and clinical trials of nutritional intervention regimens.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Cognitive performance of alcoholics: a longitudinal evaluation of the role of drinking history, depression, liver function, nutrition, and family history.

To assess the role of drinking history, depression, liver function, nutrition, and family history on cognitive performance, 171 detoxified male alcoholics were administered a brief neuropsychological examination at admission and discharge from an inpatient treatment program and at a 3-month follow-up evaluation. Regression analyses showed that at admission, depression and liver function were significant predictors of neuropsychological performance, whereas at discharge 3 to 4 weeks later only age and an estimate of premorbid intelligence were significant predictors. At the 3-month follow-up, estimates of drinking following discharge and severity of depressive symptoms were major significant predictors of neuropsychological performance. Indices of drinking prior to admission to the treatment program, nutrition, and family history for alcoholism did not predict performance on any of the three test occasions. These findings indicate that in addition to the chronic neurotoxic effect of alcohol a number of different medical and psychiatric factors, as well as the acute effects of alcohol, contribute to the cognitive scores of patients at various points in the clinical course.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of two timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols for management of first insemination postpartum.

Two estrus-synchronization programs were compared and factors influencing their success over a year were evaluated. All cows received a setup injection of PGF2alpha at 39 +/- 3 d postpartum. Fourteen days later they received GnRH, followed in 7 d by a second injection of PGF2alpha. Cows (n = 523) assigned to treatment 1 (modified targeted breeding) were inseminated based on visual signs of estrus at 24, 48, or 72 h after the second PGF2alpha injection. Any cow not observed in estrus was inseminated at 72 h. Cows (n = 440) assigned to treatment 2 received a second GnRH injection 48 h after the second PGF2alpha, and all were inseminated 24 h later. Treatment, season of calving, multiple birth, estrual status at insemination, number of occurrences of estrus before second PGF2alpha, prophylactic use of PGF2alpha, retained fetal membranes, and occurrence of estrus following the setup PGF2alpha influenced success. Conception rate was 31.2% (treatment 1) and 29.1% (treatment 2). A significant interaction occurred between protocol and estrual status at insemination. Cows in estrus at insemination had a 45.8% (treatment 1) or 35.4% (treatment 2) conception rate. The conception rate for cows not expressing estrus at insemination was 19.2% (treatment 1) and 27.7% (treatment 2). Provided good estrous detection exists, modified targeted breeding can be as successful as other timed artificial insemination programs. Nutritional, environmental, and management strategies to reduce postpartum disorders and to minimize the duration of postpartum anestrus are critical if synchronization schemes are used to program first insemination after the voluntary waiting period.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2001

[Prevalence of sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition in slum children in Maraicabo - Venezuela].

The present cross sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among children by means of clinics and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC), and nutritional status by anthropometric indicators H//A, W//A, W//H. The study population included 157 children 2-6 y old, from urban and rural slums of Maracaibo, Venezuela, Conjunctival impression cytology was performed by ICEPO standard procedure. Z-score was applied to anthropometric data with reference values of NCHS-WHO. No evidence of clinical or ophthalmologic signs of vitamin A deficiency were detected. The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency, as detected by abnormal CIC, was 35.4%, being higher in rural children (48.3%). These prevalence values are higher than the criteria laid down by WHO/UNICEF to indicate a public health problem (> 20%). Mild or moderate protein-energy global malnutrition and stunting were detected in 36.1% and 44.6% of children, respectively. Abnormal CIC was indistinctly observed (approximately equal to 35%) as much in children with adequate nutrition as in malnourished ones. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the CIC results in relation to nutritional status. The findings indicate that CIC and Z-score of nutritional anthropometric data are useful to characterize the risk of vitamin A deficiency and of malnutrition in communities. Beside the implementation of an integral nutritional program which includes supplementation, food fortification and dietary diversification, improvement of socio-economic and sanitation conditions and also the educational level, with emphasis on nutritional and health education, are highly recommended.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2002

Caregiver styles of feeding and child acceptance of food in rural Viet Nam.

Style of child feeding may be an important determinant of child nutrition and health outcomes. Responsive feeding refers to the level and kind of interaction between caregiver and child that lead to a positive feeding experience, adequate dietary intake, and enhanced developmental opportunities. Responsive feeding behaviors may include active physical help and verbalization during feeding, role-playing, persistence, and positive feeding strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate styles of feeding among Vietnamese children 12 or 17 months of age from a rural province in northern Viet Nam. Forty child/mother pairs were videotaped during two, two-hour feeding episodes. Caregiver and child behaviors were coded at the level of the "intended bite" as observed through the videotape analysis of feeding episodes to assess caregiver behavior and the child's interest and acceptance of food. We found it feasible to use videotape and the modified coding and analysis scheme, originally developed for work in Peru, in Viet Nam. In Viet Nam, caregivers provided physical help to eat nearly all of the time for the younger children, and about 70% of the time among 17 month olds. Caregivers verbalized during only 30% of intended bites, and only half of these verbalizations were responsive in tone or words. Positive caregiver behaviors were significantly associated with higher child acceptance of food, while non-responsive feeding behaviors were associated with child rejection of food. Future analyses of this data set will evaluate the degree to which an integrated nutrition program positively modified caretaker behaviors. More research is needed to demonstrate the relationships among the promotion of responsive feeding behaviors, acceptance of food, and improved nutrition and health status of children.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1990

Selected list of books and journals in allied health sciences.

This list of 453 books and 74 journals is intended as a selection guide to be used in a library supporting allied health educational programs or allied health personnel in either an academic or health care setting. Because of the impossibility of covering the large number and wide variety of allied health professions and occupations, the recommended publications are focused primarily on the twenty-six educational programs accredited by the Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation of the American Medical Association, plus physical therapy, dental allied health, medical secretarial, and nutrition programs. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index, and the subject list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase (179 books and 29 journals) are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and journals (1990 subscriptions) would require an expenditure of about $21,650. The cost of only the asterisked items totals $9,250.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Causes and management of intestinal failure in children.

Intestinal failure is a condition requiring the use of parenteral nutrition as long as it persists. Causes of severe protracted intestinal failure include short bowel syndrome, congenital diseases of enterocyte development, and severe motility disorders (total or subtotal aganglionosis or chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome). Intestinal failure may be irreversible in some patients, thus requiring permanent parenteral nutrition. Liver disease may develop with subsequent end-stage liver cirrhosis in patients with intestinal failure as a consequence of both underlying digestive disease and unadapted parenteral nutrition. Death will occur if combined liver-intestine transplantation is not performed. Catheter-related sepsis and/or extensive vascular thrombosis may impede the continuation of a safe and efficient parenteral nutrition and may also require intestinal transplantation in some selected cases. Thus management of patients with intestinal failure requires an early recognition of the condition and the analysis of its risk of irreversibility. Timing of referral for intestinal transplantation remains a crucial issue. As a consequence, management should include therapies adapted to each stage of intestinal failure based on a multidisciplinary approach in centers involving pediatric gastroenterology, parenteral nutrition expertise, home parenteral nutrition program, pediatric surgery, and liver intestinal transplantation program.

Blind Loop Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Culturally relevant nutrition education improves dietary quality among WIC-eligible Vietnamese immigrants.

OBJECTIVE: To provide culturally appropriate nutrition education to improve the diets of Vietnamese women. DESIGN: A total of 152 homemakers were recruited to participate in a nutrition education project, with 76 receiving the intervention and 76 serving as the control group. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Non-English-speaking women eligible for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) with incomes below 185% of the poverty level living in 5 California counties. INTERVENTION: Bicultural, bilingual Vietnamese-American nutrition education assistants taught 5 to 7 lessons in the Vietnamese language using nutrition education materials written in the Vietnamese language by 2 bilingual, bicultural nutritionists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twenty-four-hour food recalls were obtained before and after the 8-week interval on the treatment and control groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: To examine if there were changes over time in nutrient intake and nutrient density within groups, matched pair t tests were done. Analysis of covariance techniques determined differences between groups. McNemar tests determined if, within groups, there were changes over time in food groups consumed. Chi-square techniques determined changes between groups. RESULTS: Over time, the number of treatment group participants who had at least one serving from each food group (P <.01), and who had the recommended number of servings from each food group (P <.05), significantly increased in comparison to the control group. Over time, the dietary nutrient density of calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 (P <.05), as well as potassium (P <.01), of treatment group participants significantly improved in comparison to the control group. IMPLICATIONS: With training, bilingual, bicultural women can effectively deliver culturally relevant nutrition education to their peers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of a participatory method on nutrition education in dentistry].

Based on results of a diagnostic test which measured the knowledge that University of Chile students of 5 different health careers have a food and nutrition (1982), the nutrition program of the school of Dentistry was modified from a traditional system of education (formal classes) to a participative methodology in 1984, a didactic material on nutritional recommendations. An increased level of knowledge as well as motivation was observed in those graduating in 1984, particularly the area of nutritional recommendation and diet, to which the students spent more extra time. We can conclude that the educational methodology that stresses participation and is centered around one person is very effective to teach nutrition in the school of Dentistry.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2005

Nutrition for preterm infants after hospital discharge.

Preterm infants accrue significant nutrient deficits during hospitalization, and at the time of discharge most VLBW preterm infants have moderate to severe growth failure. Infants with significant morbidities and infants with ELBW have more severe growth failure since they regain birth weight at a later age, and they gain weight more slowly. Catch-up growth accelerates after hospital discharge. The rates of catch-up growth vary according to many factors including birth weight, gestational age, parental size, adequacy of intrauterine growth, neurologic impairment, clinical course, and nutrition. Most catch-up growth occurs within the first 2 to 3 years of life; however, compensatory catch-up growth may continue into adolescence and adulthood. Despite evidence of ongoing catch-up growth, the mean growth measurements of children and adults who were born preterm and with VLBW are lower than their term-born peers. Accelerated rates of catch-up growth are associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes. Inadequate head circumference growth, in particular, may have long-term prognostic significance for later neurodevelopment in preterm infants. Nutrient-enriched formulas that provide 22 kcal/oz are often prescribed for VLBW preterm infants after hospital discharge. Several studies have reported that preterm infants fed the enriched versus standard term infant formulas have greater rates of catch-up growth during the first year of life, including greater increases in head circumference. The nutrient-enriched formulas appear to be of particular benefit for male infants. There is less information regarding the nutrient needs of breast-fed infants after hospital discharge. However, several studies have demonstrated that preterm infants fed unfortified human milk after discharge have growth rates and bone mass that are lower than formula-fed infants during infancy. The use of fortified human milk, or alternate feedings with a nutrient-enriched formula may be useful for breast-fed infants who have delays in catch-up growth. Additional studies are needed to determine whether enriched feedings might be of particular benefit for preterm infants who are at greater risk for postnatal growth failure, including infants born SGA, or with extremely low birth weights, intrauterine growth restriction, or chronic conditions such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The potential effect of nutritional programming on long-term outcomes of preterm infants also requires further investigation.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

School height censuses are reliable and valid tools for small-area targeting of nutrition interventions in Honduras.

Nutrition program planners often need information on the relative burden of malnutrition in different communities, or administrative units, to decide where best to invest limited available resources. National nutrition surveys, however, rarely provide precise, representative findings at a finer level than that of large, subnational regions. The school height census is an alternative, low-cost approach that does provide disaggregated data on growth retardation at the local level. This study assessed the reliability and validity of the school height census for small-area targeting of nutrition interventions in Honduras. Reliability was assessed by examining the stability of small-area estimates of mean height-for-age Z-score over five consecutive years from 1993 to 1997. Validity was assessed by comparing municipality-level mean height-for-age Z-score in the 2001 school height census with the same parameter estimated in an anthropometric survey of children < 5 y old conducted in representative samples in 70 municipalities 3-7 mo earlier. The study found that stable estimates of mean height-for-age Z-score could be obtained at the level of municipalities or larger (intraclass correlation coefficients > or = 0.85). The school height census estimates of mean height-for-age Z-score at the municipality level were also valid, with the reference criterion the survey results for children > or = 1 y of age (Spearman's rank correlation = 0.74). School height censuses cannot provide reliable estimates of levels of growth retardation in individual schools. Wider use of school height censuses could make it much easier to identify communities that might benefit from targeted nutrition interventions.

Body Height↗