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Diagnosis: psychiatric and psychoanalytic perspectives.

In summary, I have reviewed in broad outline the field of descriptive psychiatry and pointed out some of the newer post-Kraepelinian areas of interest, such as the borderline concept; genetics, including pharmacogenetics; the issue of categorization and dimensionality; and the newer aspects of the DSM-III, such as the multiaxial diagnosis and the introduction of diagnostic criteria for the mental disorders. In addition, I have reviewed some aspects of the psychoanalytic movement and its influence on the way patients are assessed. I attempted to offer some speculation about why the psychoanalyst has been considered a so-called poor diagnostician by the psychiatric community, and then attempted to point out why the psychoanalyst is probably the most accurate of all diagnosticians in the true sense of the word--knowing throughout. Finally, I pointed to two Horneyan concepts in what might be called the beginning of a diagnostic psychoanalytic nosology. The first is the concept of vicious cycle diagnosis, and the second the diagnosis of underlying alienation in patients with varied clinical typologies and mental disorders. I have omitted, by focusing on pathology, what might be the most important of all issues for the analyst: diagnosis of the constructive forces. We also need to develop a classification of constructive forces, and more technical attention should be focused on their identification and nurturance.

Conflict, Psychological↗

Psychological sequelae after head traumas in adults.

Head trauma can generate various psychopathological sequelae either in intellectual functions or personality. The post-traumatic sequelae that are focused on in this work are memory disturbances, dementia and personality problems. It partially sums up fifteen years of psychological studies on head injuries conducted in the department of neurosurgery of Prof. Jean Brihaye.

Attention↗

Minor physical anomalies and behavior in children: a review.

The recent literature concerning minor physical anomalies (MPA) and their relation to behavior is reviewed. Research seems to indicate that for males there is considerable consistency in the results but the finding with females is tenuous at best. It appears that a high number of MPA are evident in several pathological groups of boys, as compared with normal controls. In addition, there is a suggestion that MPA are correlated with severity of hyperactivity, IQ, and school achievement. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between a high number of MPA and obstetrical complications. The etiology of MPA and their utility in predicting pathological behavior is discussed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

Freedom of choice.

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Attitude of Health Personnel↗