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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Transcendental meditation verus muscle relaxation: two-year follow-up of a controlled experiment.

In this questionnaire survey the authors measured the outcome among 20 students randomly assigned to muscle relaxation training and 19 assigned to transcendental mediatation at one year (the number of respondents in each group was 13 and 16, respectively) and two and one-half years (the number of respondents was 18 and 17, respectively). At both follow-ups there were no differences between the groups in frequency of practice or satisfaction. In both groups, less than 25% reported more than moderate satisfaction, and less than 20% practices as mush as once per week. Subjects' expectancies at nine weeks predicted their satisfaction and frequency of practice at two and on-half years. The authors conclude that although some subjects (15%-20%) to enjoy and continue to practice transcendental meditation, it is not universally beneficial.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1978

Liquid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis IX: Determination of muscle relaxant--analgesic mixtures using normal phase chromatography.

High-pressure liquid chromatography was used to optimize the resolution of eight widely prescribed therapeutic agents commonly found in muscle relaxant--analgesic mixtures. The compounds were chromatographed on normal phase porpous silica or cyanopropylsilane columns, using various solvent systems paired on the basis of Synder's solvent selectivity scheme to give a polarity index for each system of 3.3. A carisoprodol, phenacetin, and caffeine mixture was selected to demonstrate the utility of the separation and quantification method. The mixture was chromatographed on a porous silica column, using tetrahydrofuran--toluene (50:50) at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. Each determination can be achieved in approximately 8 min with an accuracy of 3--5%.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1992

Control strategies for nonlinear dynamics of muscle relaxant anaesthesia.

Using modern nonlinear identification techniques, dose-response dynamics for two muscle relaxant trials have been obtained. A so-called NARMAX model has been found for Vecuronium applied to a dog, and Atracurium given to a human. With the relaxant dynamics structure thus obtained, the work proceeded to the control phase. Simple three-term PID controllers were first designed with their parameters being optimised, off-line, using the Simplex method. The non-adaptive nature of this class of controllers makes their robustness open to question when the system parameters for which they have been optimised change. Hence, adaptive controllers in the form of linear and nonlinear generalised minimum variance self-tuners, generalised predictive control and nonlinear k-step ahead predictive controllers are also considered. All of these latter control approaches are shown to be satisfactory, in terms of transient and steady-state performance.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1974

Treatment of tetanus neonatorum with muscle relaxants and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation.

Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation and muscle relaxants were first used in Cape Town in 1958 in an attempt to reduce the mortality from tetanus neonatorum, which was then over 90%. Problems of effective ventilation, of tracheostomy, and of infection in the neonate were gradually overcome so that between 1967 and 1972 the mortality in 186 cases was 21%. In a consecutive series of 97 cases the mortality was 10%.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The inhibition of synaptic acetylcholinesterase by postsynaptic muscle relaxants].

In experiments on narcotized cats records of contractions of the anterior tibial muscle in response to indirect stimulation showed that the mean dose of acetylcholine (Ach) blocking neuromuscular conduction and that of carbachole (Cch) for their injection into the corresponding femoral artery was 18.9 and 0.16 mumole/kg, respectively. In the period of partial blockade induced by depolarizing myorelaxants, the blocking dose of Ach reduced to a greater measure than that of Cch. Most nondepolarizing myorelaxants used in the experiment increased the blocking Ach dose less than the Cch dose. Benzoquinone possessing the highest antiacetylcholinesterase activity in vitro even reduced the blocking dose of Ach. This difference is apparently due to inhibition of the activity of synaptic acetylcholinesterase by the muscle relaxants.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

Effect of central muscle relaxants on single-dose pharmacokinetics of peroral paracetamol in man.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) at a single, 160-450 mg dose was given perorally in combination with central muscle relaxants (CMRs) carisoprodol (200 mg), chlormezanone (100 mg) or orphenadrine (35 mg) in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study in 10 healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol remained unaltered in the presence of the CMRs as compared with those observed after paracetamol without additives, in spite of nearly twenty-fold differences in the dissolution rate between the products. Paracetamol is absorbed mostly in the duodenum, and therefore there is enough time for even the slowly dissolving tablets to release the active principle before the gastric contents are transferred to the area of paracetamol absorption. Some CMRs are anticholinergic compounds and may affect intestinal motility. Our results show, however, that CMRs do not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol, and presumably the antipyretic or analgetic efficacy of paracetamol is not impaired when combination formulations of paracetamol and CMRs are used.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2005

Effect of progressive muscle relaxation in adolescent female bronchial asthma patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on change in blood pressure, lung parameters and heart rate in female adolescent asthmatics. METHOD: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study, adolescent female asthmatics (n=31) were tested to find out how the systolic blood pressure (SBP), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and heart rate change after PMR. The control group (CG; n=30) received a placebo intervention. RESULTS: A significant reduction in SBP and a significant increase in the FEV(1) and PEF were observed after PMR. The heart rate showed a significant increase in the coefficient of variation (CV), root-mean-square of successive differences (RMSSD) and at the high frequency (HF) range, in addition to a significant reduction at the low and middle frequency (LF and MF, respectively) ranges. CONCLUSION: PMR appears to be effective in improvement of blood pressure, lung parameter and heart rate in adolescent female asthmatics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Can 4-aminopyridine be used to reverse anaesthesia and muscle relaxation?

4-aminopyridine has earlier been shown to antagonize neuromuscular block and to release transmitters in CNS. In a study in man the drug was given intravenously at the end of anaesthesia in order to counteract muscle relaxation and possibly also anaesthesia. The effects were followed by clinical observations, intraarterial blood pressure recording, ECG, repetitive muscle nerve stimulation and EEG. It was shown that the drug could reverse the neuromuscular block in lightly curarized patients, but was not as efficient as synstigmine methylsulphate (Neostigmine). In two cases the drug produced a slowing of EEG activity, which was normalized by naloxone. No toxic effects of the drug were observed.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1994

A trial of eye movement desensitization compared to image habituation training and applied muscle relaxation in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Thirty-six patients with PTSD were randomly allocated to individual treatment with imaginal exposure (image habituation training -- IHT), or applied muscle relaxation (AMR) or eye movement desensitization (EMD). Assessment by a blind independent rater and self-report instruments applied pre and posttreatment and at 3-month follow-up indicated that all groups improved significantly compared with a waiting list and that treatment benefits were maintained at follow-up. Despite a failure to demonstrate differences among groups, there was some suggestion that immediately after treatment EMD was superior for intrusive memories.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of the new centrally acting muscle relaxant 7-chloro-N,N,3-trimethylbenzo[b]furan-2-carboxamide on motor and central nervous systems in rats.

Effects of KW-6629 (7-chloro-N,N,3-trimethylbenzo[b]furan-2-carboxamide) were studied with special reference to the effect on motor and central nervous systems using rats. The drug effectively reduced the motor coordination (rotarod), the anemic decerebrate rigidity, the crossed extensor reflex, and the gamma-activity indirectly recorded from muscle afferent discharges without showing the direct inhibitory effect on muscle spindles. KW-6629 depressed the polysynaptic and dorsal root reflexes without showing marked effect on the monosynaptic reflex in intact spinal cord rats. KW-6629 produced high-amplitude slow wave in the cerebral cortex in electroencephalogram (EEG). KW-6629 did not reduce the EEG after-discharges and behavioral convulsion (amygdaloid kindling). KW-6629 had no effect on the neuromuscular junction. These results suggest that KW-6629 is a centrally acting muscle relaxant which has a site of action in supraspinal structures.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Screening procedure for eight quaternary nitrogen muscle relaxants in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

A screening procedure was developed for the identification and the quantification of eight quaternary nitrogen muscle relaxants, including d-tubocurarine, alcuronium, pancuronium, vecuronium, atracurium, mivacurium, rocuronium and mebezonium, in blood samples. The procedure involves ion-pair extraction with methylene chloride at pH 5.4, reversed-phase HPLC separation and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection. The procedure was validated in terms of linearity (0.929 5 for all the target compounds at 0.1 mg/l). The screening test was found satisfactory and applied in two fatal deaths. In the first case, toxicological investigations on biological fluids collected during the autopsy revealed the presence of vecuronium (1.2 and 0.6 mg/l in blood and urine, respectively) and its desacetylated metabolite, 3-hydroxy-vecuronium (4.4 and 0.7 mg vecuronium equivalent/l in blood and urine, respectively). In the second forensic case, blood analysis showed high levels of mebezonium (6.5 mg/l). The developed procedure was found suitable for forensic investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Steroidal muscle relaxants attenuate the contractile and phosphatidylinositol responses of rat trachea.

Interaction of the steroidal muscle relaxants, pancuronium, vecuronium and rocuronium with airway muscarinic receptors of rat trachea was investigated in vitro concerning the contractile and phosphatidylinositol (PI) responses. Pancuronium and vecuronium attenuated, while rocuronium did not affect carbachol (CCh)-induced contraction and CCh-induced IP1 accumulation. Pancuronium could inhibit completely CCh-induced contraction at a dose of 30 microM, while it could not inhibit completely CCh-induced IP1 accumulation at the same dose. These drugs attenuated KCl-induced contraction. These results suggest that pancuronium and vecuronium would attenuate airway smooth muscle contraction through the inhibition of muscarinic receptor-mediated PI response, and that the inhibition of voltage-operated Ca++ channel might be involved, in part, in the attenuation by pancuronium of the contraction.

Androstanols↗