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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparison of whole-cell protein electrophoretic profiles of Haemophilus influenzae: implementation of a microcomputer mainframe linked system and description of a new similarity coefficient.

A microcomputer mainframe linked system is described which allows video camera data capture and storage of one-dimensional whole-cell protein electrophoresis gel images, processing of normalized traces to produce a similarity matrix, and analysis of the matrix using the commercial cluster analysis program CLUSTAN. A new similarity coefficient is introduced which takes into account both band position and intensity. Forty-five strains of Haemophilus influenzae, including the eight biotypes and six serotypes, were analyzed using this system. Results demonstrated groupings which are consistent with known genetic relationships.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Gamma camera image acquisition, display, and processing with the personal microcomputer.

The authors evaluated the potential of a microcomputer for direct acquisition, display, and processing of gamma camera images. Boards for analog-to-digital conversion and image zooming were designed, constructed, and interfaced to the Macintosh II (Apple Computer, Cupertino, Calif). Software was written for processing of single, gated, and time series images. The system was connected to gamma cameras, and its performance was compared with that of dedicated nuclear medicine computers. Data could be acquired from gamma cameras at rates exceeding 200,000 counts per second, with spatial resolution exceeding intrinsic camera resolution. Clinical analysis could be rapidly performed. This system performed better than most dedicated nuclear medicine computers with respect to speed of data acquisition and spatial resolution of images while maintaining full compatibility with the standard image display, hard-copy, and networking formats. It could replace such dedicated systems in the near future as software is refined.

Gamma Cameras↗
PubMed1983

Continuous measurement of arteriovenous oxygen difference and VO2 by microcomputer.

We have developed a microcomputer-based system to measure the arteriovenous oxygen difference [(a-v)O2] continuously in whole blood and to compute the oxygen consumption rate of an organ. The system consists of a pair of flow-through cuvettes perfused with arterial and venous blood, a simple electronic circuit to illuminate the cuvettes and to measure the intensity of the transmitted light, an analog-to-digital converter, and an Apple II+ computer. The computer samples the intensities of the light transmitted through the arterial and venous cuvettes, digitizes an electromagnetic blood flow signal, and computes both the arteriovenous oxygen difference and the oxygen consumption rate. The computed variables are sent via a digital-to-analog converter to a multichannel recorder. By comparing our spectrophotometric determinations of the (a-v)O2 with conventional O2 content measurements, we found our (a-v)O2 computer to yield an accurate, linear measurement of the (a-v)O2. This spectrophotometric method for determining the (a-v)O2 offers the advantages of a rapid, continuous measurement. It eliminates the labor and errors involved in multiple, discontinuous sampling, thus freeing the investigator for other tasks, and it provides the investigator almost immediate feedback regarding the oxygen consumption rate of his preparation. Furthermore, the system could also be used (with minor modifications to the program) for the continuous measurement of cardiac output if whole-body oxygen consumption were determined from expired gases.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The use of microcomputed tomography to study microvasculature in small rodents.

Appropriate nephron function is dependent on the intrarenal arrangement of blood vessels. The preferred and primary means to study the architecture of intrarenal circulation has been by filling it with opaque substances such as india ink, radio-opaque contrast material, or various polymers for study by light or scanning electron microscopy. With such methodologies, superficial vessels may obscure deep vessels and little quantitative information may be obtained. Serial-section microtomy has not been practical because of problems relating to alignment and registration of adjacent sections, lost sections, and preparation time and effort. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) overcomes such limitations and provides a means to study the three-dimensional architecture of filled vessels within an intact rodent kidney and to obtain more quantitative information. As an example of micro-CT's capabilities, we review the use of micro-CT to study the alterations in renal microvasculature caused by the development of liver cirrhosis after chronic bile duct ligation. In this example, micro-CT evidence shows a selective decrease in cortical vascular filling in the kidney, with a maintenance of medullary vascular filling. These changes may contribute to the salt and water retention that accompanies cirrhosis. These results indicate that micro-CT is a promising method to evaluate renal vascular architecture in the intact rodent kidney relative to physiological and pathological function.

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

Microcomputer-assisted on-line measurement of breathing pattern and occlusion pressure.

A flexible system has been developed for on-line breath-by-breath measurements of variables commonly included in studies of breathing pattern and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1). The system, utilizing analog signals for mouth pressure and inspiratory flow as inputs, includes a breathing pattern monitor and a pneumatically driven occlusion device designed to be compatible with a low-cost microcomputer and analog and/or digital readout instruments. The design of the system permits accurate breathing pattern and P0.1 measurements even at the highest flow and breathing frequency encountered in muscular exercise studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Microcomputer stereotactic atlas.

A stereotactic atlas to determine thalamic target sites has been incorporated into a microcomputer. Variability studies of the thalamus with mean and standard deviations of nuclear borders are depicted graphically for overlay onto operative images. Internal landmarks traditionally used to reference target points for functional stereotaxis may be determined by conventional ventriculography or derived from magnetic resonance scans. Modeling of polyline vertices established from gray scale contour mapping and atlas reconstructions further enhance the spatial understanding of relationships to midline structures. Computer integration of anatomic reference points, graphically depicted images and stereotactic atlas data into head frame coordinates can be accomplished. This method is consistent with established stereotactic techniques and allows the visual conceptualization of imaged and graphic data for functional stereotaxis.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Real-time three-dimensional graphic reconstructions using Brown-Roberts-Wells frame coordinates in a microcomputer environment.

A desktop microcomputer environment that utilizes Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) frame coordinates for creation of three-dimensional depiction of operator-defined intracranial structures has been developed. The system allows direct reading of Siemens CT scan images from a floppy disc, structural edge definition, and reconstruction of defined images. The system is used in the operating room to view scans, perform standard BRW stereotactic functions, and create three-dimensional graphics for such tasks as defining tumor margins, conceptualizing positional relationships of intracranial structures, and radiation planning.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Microcomputer-aided system for electrocardiograms and blood pressure analysis during drug-induced transient periods.

In the current experiments, we have developed a microcomputer-aided system for amplitude and duration parameter analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) waveforms during the drug-induced transient period. Both ECG and BP are monitored, amplified and recorded using standard techniques. For studying the parameter variation trend, the time course of each parameter was produced. Based on these requirements, the present system combined data acquisition, data selection, data analysis, graph plotting and some experimental techniques to meet the need. Generalized human ECG and arterial BP waveforms were used in this system to expand its usable ranges. From the time course graph plotting, the variation trend of each parameter during each drug-induced transient period was obtained thereafter. The main advantages of this system include: (1) transient analysis--the system is suitable for complete and precise parameter analysis of human and animal ECG and BP in the drug-induced transient period; (2) ease of construction--the simplified hardware interface and IBM PC-AT compatible system make this system easy to be constructed; (3) ease of operation--modular data acquisition, processing and analysis procedures make this system easy to be operated; (4) high expansion potential--the modular hardware interface and modular software procedure make this system easy to be expanded; (5) wide utility--the system can be applied to any other research areas which involve the parameter analysis of ECG and BP.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microcomputer simulation as an aid in analyzing data and teaching the principles of glomerular dynamics.

This report describes a simple program, written in BASIC language, that closely emulates a previously published network thermodynamic model of glomerular dynamics. While the latter requires the SPICE 2 simulation program and a mainframe computer for its execution, the present program operates on any IBM-compatible microcomputer. It has equal utility as an aid in the interpretation of laboratory studies of glomerular dynamics and as a tool for teaching the intricacies of the control of glomerular function. The program is available in 'user friendly' format that obviates the need for any expertise in the use of computers.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1982

A microcomputer-based averager.

A disadvantage of commercially available averagers is the time needed for the output routine. This paper describes a microcomputer, programmed as an averager, with additional features to obtain an examination time as short as possible, which indeed is important for clinical application. Through this apparatus, the time needed for a standard ERG and VECP examination could be reduced from 50 to 25 min.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

Microcomputer programs for video stimulation of eye movements.

Programs have been developed for the Commodore 64/128, Amiga and BBC Acorn (Master) microcomputers to generate stimuli for eye movements on a television screen. The stimuli comprise eye movement calibration and the saccade, smooth pursuit and optokinetic tests.

Electronystagmography↗
PubMed2002

Development of a portable bruxism monitoring and analysis device equipped with a microcomputer and its practical application.

The purposes of this study were to develop and verify the a portable nocturnal bruxism monitoring and analysis device equipped with a microcomputer, and to clinically apply the device to know the actual conditions of bruxism patients. EEPROM was installed in the device for the data recording, and after the data collection, the recorded data was entered into a personal computer via serial port. After confirming the accuracy of the device, a total of 30 subjects were enrolled in this study to monitor their bruxism activities for 3 nights. Bruxism self-aware group consisted of 14 subjects, 7 males and 7 females, and unaware group consisted of 16 patients, 8 males and 8 females. Most of the subjects reported that the new device was easy to handle. The average bruxism time per hour and the average bruxism lasting time were 223.8 +/- 112.0 and 3.9 +/- 2.9 s in the self-aware group, and 49.3 +/- 38.3 and 0.8 +/- 0.7 s in the unaware group, respectively. The bruxism self-aware group showed statistically longer average bruxism time per hour and the average bruxism lasting time. It was confirmed that the new bruxism monitoring and analysis device is practical for clinical application to monitor and analyze the electromyographic activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A BASIC program for serum cholinesterase phenotyping using a microcomputer.

We have modified a BASIC program for serum cholinesterase phenotyping using a microcomputer. This program accepts the reaction-rate result of total and inhibitor assays of activity, allows the patient to be identified and prints out a full account of the fitting process thus allowing adequate documentation. We believe that this modification enhances the usefulness of the program to laboratories engaged in the routine determination of serum cholinesterase phenotyping.

Cholinesterases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A technique for optimization of enteral feeding regimens: implementation on a microcomputer.

Many clinical factors must be taken into account in choosing an appropriate enteral feeding regimen for a particular patient. In a patient with multiple medical problems, this decision process may become overwhelmingly complex. This paper discusses a mathematical adjunct to aid in this problem. Using patient-specific weights for various clinical factors, an algorithmic determination is made of the degree of correspondence between the characteristics of available preparations and those weights. A microcomputer implementation rendering this method usable to the medical health care professional has been created, and is described.

Computers↗
PubMed1983

Using microcomputers to teach sensitivity analysis to medical students.

Teaching sensitivity analysis can be hampered by the large computational burden required by successive recalculation of outcomes. We designed a package of programs for an Apple II Plus microcomputer that allows rapid recalculation of two "model" decision problems currently available in the literature (hernia surgery and pharyngitis). The package presents the baseline values of the models and the expected utilities for each decision. The user can alter one or more key model values and recalculate the utilities easily and repeatedly. The threshold points for a number of variables are automatically computed. The package is interactive and prompts the user for all required input. No knowledge of computer programming is required to use the package. Students who were familiar with the basic elements of decision analysis were introduced to the modeled problems by didactic tutorials and independent reading. They were then given a set of sensitivity analyses to perform using the computerized models as a tool. Students were able to complete the sensitivity analysis assignments without difficulty and discussion of model assumptions was stimulated. The package enhances the teaching of sensitivity analysis by reducing its computational burden and promoting understanding of its nature and value.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1983

Interactive microcomputer-based graphical tools for physician decision support. Aids to test selection and interpretation and use of Bayes' theorem.

Three microcomputer programs have been developed to give the practicing physician graphic aid in assessing the usefulness of obtaining a diagnostic test, to assist in interpreting the result after a test has been obtained, and to facilitate exploration of, and familiarity with, the use of Bayes' theorem in clinical practice. Each program uses a different representation for depicting the transformation of pretest to post-test probability produced by the various results of the test. Choice of representation depends on whether multiple tests or results are evaluated concurrently, on the probability range of interest, and on which model the user finds most intuitively appealing. A library of data on sensitivities and specificities of various tests and procedures can be used to select tests of interest from a menu, or data may be entered by the user.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple test analyzer (MTA): a microcomputer program for determining preferred strategies with two diagnostic tests.

There are ten distinct management strategies in clinical situations that involve two diagnostic tests with dichotomous outcomes. The authors describe a microcomputer program, based on a previously described model, that can be used to identify test and test-treatment thresholds and to compute preferred strategies. The program provides tables and graphs of the results, which can be viewed or printed, and there is an optimization routine that facilitates comprehensive analysis. It can be used by decision-analytic researchers and policy analysts, medical educators who teach decision analysis, and clinicians who use decision analysis in their practices.

Computers↗