Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MONILIASIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Leishmania braziliensis causing visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, identified with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction.

This study describes a male patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, grade IV-C (oropharyngeal moniliasis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), associated with visceral involvement produced by Leishmania braziliensis which was identified by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization after the polymerase chain reaction had been performed. The patient was treated with molgramostim in association with meglumine antimonate to enhance macrophage destruction of parasites.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2004

Cefdinir versus levofloxacin in patients with acute rhinosinusitis of presumed bacterial etiology: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study.

BACKGROUND: Treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) recommend 10 to 14 days of therapy with high-dose amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, a macrolide, or a newer fluoroquinolone, among other agents. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the clinical efficacy and tolerability of cefdinir and levofloxacin in patients with a diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis of presumed bacterial origin. METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blind, noninferiority study, ambulatory adult patients who had signs and symptoms for >7 to 21 days before the screening visit and radiographic findings consistent with acute rhinosinusitis were randomized to receive cefdinir 600 mg or levofloxacin 500 mg, each once daily for 10 days. Clinical and radiologic response rates were determined at the test-of-cure (TOC) visit, which took place 9 to 14 days after the completion of treatment. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-one patients (138 cefdinir, 133 levofloxacin) were enrolled and randomized to treatment at 27 study centers in the United States and Poland between November 2003 and March 2004. Of these, 241 (123 cefdinir, 118 levofloxacin) were clinically evaluable. The cefdinir group consisted of 75 women and 48 men, of whom 117 were white and 6 black; their mean (SD) age was 42.5 (14.3) years. The levofloxacin group consisted of 71 women and 47 men, of whom 111 were white and 7 black; their mean age was 40.4 (13.6) years. The 2 groups were similar in terms of presenting signs and symptoms and baseline radiographic findings. The most common presenting symptoms were sinus pain, sinus pressure, and purulent nasal discharge, each of which was reported by > or =89% of patients. Clinical cure rates at the TOC visit in the cefdinir and levofloxacin groups were 83% (102/123) and 86% (101/118), respectively (95% Cl for the difference in cure rates, -12.3 to 7.0). Cefdinir and levofloxacin were comparable in the treatment of infections classified as moderate to severe. The incidence of drug-related adverse events was generally comparable in the 2 treatment groups, although there were significant differences between cefdinir and levofloxacin in the incidence of vaginal moniliasis in women (11% vs 0%, respectively; P = 0.003), drug-related diarrhea (8% vs 1%; P = 0.005), and insomnia (0% vs 4%; P = 0.027). Only 2% of patients discontinued therapy prematurely as a result of a drug-related adverse event. CONCLUSION: In this population of patients with ABRS, the extended-spectrum cephalosporin cefdinir was as efficacious as the fluoroquinolone levofloxacin, suggesting that cefdinir may be a suitable alternative to the currently recommended fluoroquinolones.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Monilial esophagitis: an increasingly frequent cause of esophageal stenosis?

Acute monilial esophagitis generally responds well to oral nystatin therapy, and long-term sequelae of this condition have not been well recognized. Nor is it generally appreciated that Candida infections of the esophagus may occur in subacute or chronic form. Four men, 34, 40, 41, and 49 years old, have been treated for esophageal stenoses resulting from different types of chronic monilial esophageal involvement. All were seen with painless dysphagia and strictures of the upper half of the thoracic esophagus. In 2 patients, an associated roentgenographic pattern of "intramural esophageal pseudodiverticulosis" was present. Two patients have been treated successfully with esophageal dilation, 1 required substernal colonic bypass of the stenotic, perforated esophagus, and 1 is being evaluated for esophageal bypass. Esophageal moniliasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign esophageal strictures, particularly those involving the upper half of the thoracic esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Oral gemifloxacin versus sequential therapy with intravenous ceftriaxone/oral cefuroxime with or without a macrolide in the treatment of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, open-label, multicenter study of clinical efficacy and tolerability.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of oral gemifloxacin, an enhanced-affinity quinolone, with sequential therapy with IV ceftriaxone followed by oral cefuroxime (with or without a macrolide) in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS: A randomized, open-label, multicenter study comprised adults hospitalized with a clinical and radiologic diagnosis of CAP. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either (1) oral gemifloxacin 320 mg once daily (7-14 days); or (2) IV ceftriaxone 2 g once daily (1-7 days) followed by oral cefuroxime 500 mg twice daily (1-13 days) for a total of < or = 14 days. Patients receiving ceftriaxone/cefuroxime were allowed concomitant macrolide treatment. RESULTS: A total of 345 patients were randomized, of whom 341 received at least 1 dose of study medication (gemifloxacin, 169/172; ceftriaxone/cefuroxime, 172/173). Clinical success rates in the clinically evaluable (CE) population at follow-up (day 21-28 post-therapy), the primary end point, were 92.2% (107/116) for gemifloxacin and 93.4% (113/121) for ceftriaxone/cefuroxime (treatment difference, -1.15; 95% CI, -7.73 to 5.43). In patients in Fine risk classes IV and V, the clinical success rate was 87.0% (20/23) for gemifloxacin versus 83.3% (20/24) for ceftriaxone/cefuroxime. No difference in clinical response at follow-up was noted based on macrolide use. Bacteriologic success rates at follow-up in the bacteriologically evaluable (BE) population were 90.6% (58/64) for gemifloxacin and 87.3% (55/63) for ceftriaxone/cefuroxime (treatment difference 3.32; 95% CI, -7.57 to 14.21). The clinical success rate in bacteremic patients at follow-up (BE population) was 100.0%. Both treatments were generally well tolerated. The frequency and types of adverse events were similar between the 2 groups. The most common treatment-related adverse events with gemifloxacin were diarrhea, liver-function adverse events, and rash; with ceftriaxone/cefuroxime, they were diarrhea, elevated hepatic-enzyme activity, and moniliasis. CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy and tolerability of oral gemifloxacin 320 mg once daily were similar to those of IV ceftriaxone followed by oral cefuroxime (with or without a macrolide) in the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with moderate to severe CAP. Both treatments were effective in bacteremic patients and those at increased risk of mortality.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of the effectiveness of levofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanate for the treatment of acute sinusitis in adults.

In this comparative trial, outpatients with acute sinusitis were randomly assigned to receive levofloxacin (500 mg orally once daily) or amoxicillin-clavulanate (500/125 mg orally 3 times daily) for 10 to 14 days. The success rates (cured and improved) 2 to 5 days after the end of treatment were 88.4% for the 267 clinically evaluable patients who received levofloxacin and 87.3% for the 268 clinically evaluable patients who received amoxicillin-clavulanate. Drug-related adverse events occurred in a smaller percentage of patients in the levofloxacin treatment group (7.4%) than in the amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment group (21.2%). The most common of these were nausea, diarrhea, vaginitis, and abdominal pain for levofloxacin-treated patients and diarrhea, vaginitis, nausea, genital moniliasis, abdominal pain, vomiting, and flatulence for amoxicillin-clavulanate-treated patients. The results of this study show that once-daily administration of levofloxacin is as effective and better tolerated than amoxicillin-clavulanate administered 3 times daily for treating acute sinusitis in adult outpatients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Nutritional assessment of vitamin E in malnourished patients with AIDS.

Malnourished patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may have low serum levels and reduced intake of alpha-tocopherol, mainly in the presence of acute-phase response. The aims of this study were to compare intake and serum levels of alpha-tocopherol between malnourished (MN) and non-malnourished (NMN) AIDS patients and to correlate alpha-tocopherol intake and serum levels. Undernutrition was defined as having a body mass index lower than 18. 5 kg/m(2) or a height-creatinine index lower than 70%. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed alpha-tocopherol intake. High-performance liquid chromatography determined vitamin serum levels. The patients were divided into MN (n = 14) and NMN (n = 15) groups. There were no statistical differences in relation to clinical findings between MN and NMN, respectively, including moniliasis (7/14 versus 4/15), neurocryptoccocosis and neurotoxoplasmosis (6/14 versus 6/15), pulmonary tuberculosis (4/14 versus 2/15), and fever (1/14 versus 3/15). MN and NMN groups had similar peripheral blood CD(4) levels (111.4+/-87.1 versus 124.4+/-90.9 cells/mm(3)), and both groups had similar and adequate alpha-tocopherol intake (MN = 50.0+/-11.0 versus NMN = 47.2+/-16.5 mg) and serum levels (MN = 17.8+/-7.2 versus NMN = 19.8+/-6.3 micromol/L). Vitamin E intake and serum levels did not show a significant correlation (r = -0.22, P 0.05). Protein-energy nutrition status and acute-phase response were not factors determining vitamin status among AIDS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Bacterial vaginosis.

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginitis, affecting over 3 million women in the United States annually. Depopulation of lactobacilli from the normal vaginal flora and overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic species are the presumed etiology. To date, no scientific evidence shows that bacterial vaginosis is a sexually transmitted disease. Malodorous vaginal discharge is the most common symptom. Differential diagnoses include trichomoniasis, moniliasis, and allergic or chemical dermatitis. The diagnosis is confirmed when at least three of the following four findings are present (Amsel's criteria): 1) thin, homogenous discharge, 2) pH greater than 4.5, 3) positive amine test, and 4) presence of clue cells. The sensitivity and positive predictive value are both 90%. Vaginal Gram stain is also reliable and allows for permanent record. Cultures are nonspecific because G. vaginalis resides in normal vaginal flora as well. Papanicolaou smears are not particularly sensitive, but their positive predictive value is very high. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend three treatment regimens in nonpregnant patients: oral metronidazole (500 mg twice daily for 7 days), intravaginal 2% clindamycin cream (one applicatorful at bedtime for 7 days), or intravaginal metronidazole gel (one to two applicatorfuls per day for 5 days). Alternative regimens include a single 2-g oral dose of metronidazole or a 7-day course of oral clindamycin, 300 mg twice daily. The association between bacterial vaginosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes has satisfied many criteria for a causal inference. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in women with previous history of preterm labor results in fewer preterm deliveries than in untreated women from the same population.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoimmune hypogonadism as part of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.

The most compelling case for autoimmune mediated hypogonadism occurs when ovarian failure is part of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS). In patients with the rare, recessively inherited type 1 APS (APS-1), characterized by the triad of chronic mucocutaneous moniliasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease, primary amenorrhea (elevated pituitary gonadotropins) or oligomenorrhea and infertility are constant features. Ovarian failure is associated with autoantibodies to steroid hormone secreting cells in the adrenal cortex, Leydig cells of the testes, granulosa/thecal cells of the Graffian follicles, corpus luteum, and the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta. These autoantibodies react with 3 P450 enzymes involved with steroidogenesis, namely, 21-hydroxylase (adrenal specific), 17 alpha-hydroxylase, and the side chain cleavage enzyme. Recently the 14 exon, APS-1 (autoimmune regulator or AIRE) gene has been cloned (chr. 21p22.3), and multiple mutants discovered. Parents who are obligatory heterozygotes for a single mutant gene lack clinical features of APS-1. They also do not develop APS-1 autoantibodies. Thus, hypogonadal patients without features of APS-1 are unlikely to have AIRE gene mutations. In the more common APS-2/3, characterized by combinations of autoimmune thyroid disease, immune mediated type 1 diabetes, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, and Addison's disease (type 2, not type 3), ovarian disease may be seen. In primary hypogonadism outside of the context of an APS, these autoantibodies are rare.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

[Radiological aspects of esophageal intramural diverticulosis].

The 9th observation of esophageal intramural diverticulosis is reported. The findings are compared with those of former publications. Clinically dysphagia is a leading symptom. Suction biopsy proved diverticulosis being the correct interpretation for radiological findings. The etiology is discussed. The change between symptom-free intervals with diverticulosis only and episods of dysphagia by secondary inflammation (reflux esophagitis, moniliasis, stenosis) stresses the importance of such secondary complications. These inflammations can hide the real diagnosis for a long time. The radiological findings are the key for diagnosis, however, they can be very small for years. During this period a diagnosis can only be achieved by knowledge of the disease and the skilful search for early symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

HL-A-linked human immune-response genes.

Genetic control of the response to specific natural-product antigens has been documented in three informative families. Families were selected on the basis of probands with tuberculosarcoidosis, chronic cutaneous moniliasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. An increased incidence of delayed cutaneous unresponsiveness was observed in each family. Positive associations were identified between HL-A haplotypes and immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to 5, 8, and 11 of 23 test antigens in the three respective families. HL-A-associated differences in averaged responses of cutaneous hypersensitivity were excluded. These significant associations are consistent with linkage between HL-A haplotypes and genes responsible for the immune response to various natural-product antigens.

Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and microbiologic studies of genital ulcers in Kenyan women.

The etiology of genital ulcers in women in tropical regions is poorly understood. Eighty-nine women, presenting to a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Nairobi (Kenya) with a primary complaint of genital ulcers, were evaluated prospectively in a clinical and laboratory study. A final etiologic diagnosis was possible for 60 (67%) of the women. Culture for Haemophilus ducreyi was positive for 43 women, eight had secondary syphilis with ulcerated condyloma latum, three had primary syphilis, one had both chancroid and syphilis, two had moniliasis, two had herpetic ulceration, and one had a traumatic ulcer. The clinical characteristics that best distinguished chancroid from secondary syphilis were ulcer excavation and a rough ulcer base. No etiologic diagnosis was established for 29 patients. However, the clinical and epidemiologic features of these patients suggested that they were similar if not identical to the patients with H. ducreyi culture-positive chancroid. Further studies are necessary to determine the etiology of ulcers in females in whom no pathogen was identified.

Chancroid↗
PubMed1975

Monilial esophagitis.

A case of monilial esophagitis, developing in a diabetic patient treated with gentamicin for Escherichia coli septicemia, is described. The esophagogram was normal and the diagnosis was confirmed by fiberoptic esophagoscopy and biopsy examination. The patient responded to oral nystatin. The literature on esophageal moniliasis is reviewed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

Retrovir therapy in hemophilic children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: efficacy and toxicity.

In desperation, we have used retrovir in five hemophilic children (10-16 years old) over the past 22 months. All had presented with various clinical manifestations of acquired-immune-deficiency-syndrome (AIDS)-related complex or AIDS. Our decision to treat with retrovir was based on clinical manifestations and very low numbers of CD4 cells (less than 200). The most common clinical presentation was recurrent oral moniliasis. Other significant findings included recurrent herpes zoster, thrombocytopenia, growth failure, and biliary tract infection. Initially, all five children received the full adult dosage of retrovir (200 mg q 4 h x 6 doses/day). This dosage had to be reduced in four children because of toxicity. The most commonly observed toxic side effects were anemia and neutropenia. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels rose to 4-10 times the upper limit of normal in four of five children. One was on concomitant ketokonazole prior to the rise in ALT level. Myalgia and headache were reported by two patients. Improvement in clinical and immunological status was observed in all children initially. After 12-18 months of retrovir therapy, infectious complications secondary to prolonged neutropenia were seen in these immunocompromized children. However, compared to historic controls, these children have had fairly stable disease. We feel that all hemophilic children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection should be offered this drug, even though the optimal dosage for children is not yet established.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed2006

Oral nystatin prophylaxis to prevent invasive candidiasis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

The use of oral nystatin to prevent fungal colonisation and infection in neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is still an open question and not yet recommended as a standard of care. To determine whether prophylactic oral nystatin results in a decreased incidence of invasive candidiasis in the newborn infants, a total of 3991 infants were divided randomly into two groups. Group A infants (n = 1995), only those neonates who were identified as yeast carriers (oral moniliasis) were treated with oral nystatin. Group B infants, all neonates who were admitted to the unit received oral nystatin, was routinely administered three times a day. Group A was divided into groups A1 and A2 (who were treated only if identified as yeast carriers). Urine and rectal cultures were taken on admission and then weekly thereafter. There were 215 (14.2%), 27 (5.6%) and 36 (1.8%) patients positive for invasive candidiasis in groups A1, A2 and B respectively. Oral nystatin prophylaxis significantly reduced the invasive candidiasis (P = 0.004) in extremely low-birth weight (ELBW) and very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants. Prophylactic administration of oral nystatine to the ELBW and VLBW infants results in a decreased risk of invasive candidiasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Sucralfate as an alternative to bismuth in quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication.

BACKGROUND: There are persuasive arguments for treating all patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease. However, the choice of therapeutic regimen remains problematical. Bismuth triple therapy produces greater than 80% cure of H. pylori infection, whereas omeprazole and bismuth quadruple therapy has produced cure rates in excess of 90%. Colloidal bismuth is not available in many countries, hence limiting the use of bismuth-based therapeutic regimens. We substituted widely available sucralfate for bismuth in a quadruple-therapy regimen. METHOD: We studied 223 consecutive patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer disease in whom H. pyori infection was confirmed by CLOtest (Delta West Ltd., Bentley, WA, Australia) or histological assessment. Successful therapy was validated by the 14C urea breath test 4 to 6 weeks after therapy. Omeprazole, 20 mg was given twice daily for 10 days. After 3 days of omeprazole sucralfate (1 gm qid), tetracycline (500 mg qid) and metronidazole (400 mg tid) were added for 7 days. RESULTS: Therapy was successful in 194 of 223 patients (87%). Compliance was excellent, with only two patients being unable to tolerate therapy. Side effects were minimal and included nausea, vomiting, headache, and vaginal moniliasis. At 6 months' follow-up, 10 of 210 patients (5%) who were previously documented as "cured" had a positive breath test. CONCLUSIONS: The wide availability of sucralfate in many countries makes it a possible alternative to bismuth for use in proton pump quadruple-therapy regimens, achieving a reasonable cure rate for H. pylori infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The cutaneous-vulvar clinic revisited: a 5-year experience of the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center Cutaneous-Vulvar Service.

OBJECTIVE: To review the recent experience of a busy referral cutaneous-vulvar service. STUDY DESIGN: 500 randomly chosen charts from the last 5 years of patients seen at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center Cutaneous-Vulvar Service were reviewed. Information was entered into a computer data base and analyzed. RESULTS: The most common presenting condition was vulvar vestibulitis (36.2%), followed by lichen sclerosus (19.2%) and vaginitis/vaginosis (14.8%). Most patients had undergone a variety of therapies prior to referral. Many were treated for moniliasis in the absence of clinical evidence prior to our evaluation. Most patients responded well to appropriate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of primary care providers see women with cutaneous-vulvar symptomatology. Awareness of prevalent conditions will lead to correct diagnosis and treatment. We emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary consultation in difficult cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Short-term topical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with the combination of 5-fluorocytosine and candicidin.

A combination of 5-fluorocytosine (1000 mg) and candicidin (5 mg) was compared with clotrimazole (100 mg) in the treatment of 112 non-pregnant volunteers with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Seventy-two (75%) of the 96 patients treated with 1 or 2 vaginal tablets of the combination product and 10 (62%) of the 16 women treated with clotrimazole for 6 days were cured. The efficacy of the treatments was assessed mycologically and clinically 1 week and 1 month after the therapy. Both treatments were well tolerated and no side-effects could be detected. It is concluded that a short-term vaginal treatment with a 5-fluorocytosine and candicidin combination is effective in vaginal moniliasis, and the brevity of the treatment is an advantage compared with others now available.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Antimicrobial effects of liquid anesthetic isoflurane on Candida albicans.

Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that can grow in yeast morphology or hyphal form depending on the surrounding environment. This ubiquitous fungus is present in skin and mucus membranes as a potential pathogen that under opportunistic conditions causes a series of systemic and superficial infections known as candidiasis, moniliasis or simply candidiasis. There has been a steady increase in the prevalence of candidiasis that is expressed in more virulent forms of infection. Although candidiasis is commonly manifested as mucocutaneous disease, life-threatening systemic invasion by this fungus can occur in every part of the body. The severity of candidal infections is associated with its morphological shift such that the hyphal morphology of the fungus is most invasive. Of importance, aberrant multiplication of Candida yeast is also associated with the pathogenesis of certain mucosal diseases. In this study, we assessed the anti-candidal activity of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in liquid form in comparison with the anti-fungal agent amphotericin B in an in vitro culture system. Exposure of C. albicans to isoflurane (0.3% volume/volume and above) inhibited multiplication of yeast as well as formation of hyphae. These data suggest development of potential topical application of isoflurane for controlling a series of cutaneous and genital infections associated with this fungus. Elucidiation of the mechanism by which isoflurane effects fungal growth could offer therapeutic potential for certain systemic fungal infections.

Journal Article↗