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[The Veterinary Historical Museum at the Hannover School of Veterinary Medicine--history, conception, duties and problems].

The Veterinary Historical Museum at the School of Veterinary Medicine was founded in 1973. It is the only museum of this kind in Germany at the moment this is open to the public. More than 600 exhibits give information on the history of the School of Veterinary Medicine since 1778 as well as on the development of the different veterinary working fields and the diagnosis and treatment methods during the last centuries. The academic collection contains about 2500 objects that keep the veterinary cultural possessions out of the areas: science, practices, administration and personal sphere. A certain military historical collection also belongs to the museum, the so-called "Sammlung Wens". The Institute for Veterinary History is responsible for the administration and the maintenance of the museum. Like in every other museum it was and is still tried to fulfill the basic tasks of museum work, there are: collecting, keeping, exhibiting, exploring and teaching. These working fields leave a lot of problems due to the "hermaphroditic" position of the museum as a part of the School of Veterinary Medicine on the one hand and as a public museum on the other hand. The result is that the museum has neither specialist staff nor an independent budget until today. A guided tour in the museum and the critical representation of its tasks explain a stalemate situation that should absolutely be avoided at the conception of a future museum for veterinary medicine as it is planned in Berlin.

Germany↗

25th Annual Vascular Surgery Seminar and Meeting of the Society for Military Vascular Surgery.

The 25th Annual (Silver Anniversary) Vascular Surgery Seminar and Meeting of the Society for Military Vascular Surgery was held in the Jay P. Sanford Auditorium at the F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4-6 December 1997. This highly successful exchange included active duty military surgeons, military surgeons in the reserves, retired military officers continuing second careers in civilian vascular surgery, distinguished visiting professors from the United States and abroad, International Guest Scholars, USUHS Faculty as well as colleagues and friends. The emphasis continued to be directed to ensuring that military vascular surgery remains current, recognizing the rich heritage of contributions to vascular surgery in general that have come from surgeons serving on battlefields around the world, particularly in this 20th century.

Humans↗

The health readiness of junior enlisted military women: the social determinants of health model and research questions.

Currently, women comprise 17% of the 1.4 million U.S. active military and 20% of the 1.2 million reserve force. Well over three-quarters of these women are enlisted (82%). Enlisted women are young, between the ages of 17 and 29, and one-half are ethnic minorities. Enlisted women are a growing minority within the predominantly male hierarchical military organization. The most junior of these women, in addition to being vastly outnumbered by men, fall along with junior enlisted men at the bottom of the military organizational structure. This unique position may have health consequences. The purpose of this article is to propose research questions within the context of the Marmot and Wilkinson's social determinants of health model. Proposed research questions are provided to address the current gaps in the science related to the contextual health readiness issues of junior enlisted military women.

Adolescent↗

Development and use of military-unique standardized gynecology patients in military undergraduate medical education.

Performance-based testing using standardized patients is becoming increasingly popular as a means to assess the clinical competence of medical students. Medical students entering postgraduate training in military treatment facilities have the additional responsibility of military readiness. The increasing number of women in the active armed forces and the diverse missions encountered by the military today necessitate inclusion of military-unique standardized gynecologic patients and scenarios into curricula. We developed a military-unique standardized gynecology patient and scenario and an objective structured clinical examination to evaluate medical students' skills in data gathering and synthesis, development of differential diagnoses, problem solving, and working through military-unique issues of the patient scenario. Integration of an objective structured clinical examination of military-unique gynecology standardized patient scenarios into the obstetrics and gynecology curriculum at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences can lead to successful assessment of student clinical skills and provide a means of ongoing military readiness training.

Adult↗

[The Josephinium and pharmaceutical sciences].

In the Josephinum, which was the building of the medico-surgical military academy in Vienna (opened in 1785), a division was made by J. A. Schmidt between the term pharmacognosy and pharmacodynamics already before 1809. In 1849 C. D. Schroff established therein the Institute for Experimental Pharmacology of Vienna University and around 1864 A. E. Vogl began his outstanding microscopic investigations of pharmacologically relevant plants and of victuals. After 1922 R. Wasicky created the Institute of Pharmacognosy, which was the most modern of all the Austrian and German universities.

Austria↗

Retention rates and retention predictors among graduates of Army Family Practice residency programs.

Accurate career retention rates for the 688 graduates of Army Family Practice residency programs over the period from 1973-1990 were determined by retrospective cohort analysis. Eight characteristics of these graduates were tested by chi-square analysis to determine if they had a predictive effect on retention: United States Military Academy attendance (USMA), Uniform Services University of the Health Science (USUHS) attendance, fellowship training, prior service, gender, first assignment, site of residency training, and spouse with history of active duty service. Overall retention was 21%. Significant predictors of retention at the p < 0.01 level (chi-square) were (1) USMA attendance, (2) USUHS attendance, (3) fellowship training, and (4) prior service. Gender, first assignment, and spouse history of active duty service were not factors. The 22% of the graduates who had at least one of the four positive predictors form two-thirds of the present career Family Physician force.

Chi-Square Distribution↗