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Results for “Lymphatic Abnormalities”

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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Gene duplications at the chemokine locus on mouse chromosome 4: multiple strain-specific haplotypes and the deletion of secondary lymphoid-organ chemokine and EBI-1 ligand chemokine genes in the plt mutation.

The murine paucity of lymph node T cell (plt) mutation leads to abnormalities in leukocyte migration and immune response. The causative defect is thought to be a loss of secondary lymphoid-organ chemokine (SLC) expression in lymphoid tissues. We now find that the plt defect is due to the loss of both SLC and EBI-1 ligand chemokine (ELC) expression in secondary lymphoid organs. In an examination of the plt locus, we find that commonly used inbred mouse strains demonstrate at least three different haplotypes. Polymorphism at this locus is due to duplications of at least four genes, three of them encoding chemokines. At least two cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK), three SLC, and four ELC genes or pseudogenes are present in some haplotypes. All haplotypes share a duplication that includes two SLC genes, which demonstrate different expression patterns, a single functional ELC gene, and an ELC pseudogene. The plt mutation represents a deletion that includes the SLC gene expressed in secondary lymphoid organs and the single functional ELC gene, leaving only an SLC gene that is expressed in lymphatic endothelium and an ELC pseudogene. This lack of CCR7 ligands in the secondary lymphoid organs of plt mice provides a basis for their severe abnormalities in leukocyte migration and immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Articular lymphoscintigraphy in human knees using radiolabeled dextran.

Whereas joint lymphatics are inaccessible to conventional (oil-contrast) lymphography, articular lymphatic dysfunction can be assessed by lymphoscintigraphy (isotope lymphography). Using 99mTc-labeled dextran (molecular weight-70,000 daltons), we performed dynamic lymphoscintigraphy in 38 patients with degenerative osteoarthropathy of the knee. Comparison with the normal (contralateral knee) in 25 patients demonstrated that tracer disappeared at 24 hours more slowly from the abnormal side (86.5 +/- 3.3% retention in the abnormal joint compared with 77.1 +/- 4.6%; p less than 0.01), but accumulated more intensely in regional lymph nodes on the pathologic side (3.8 +/- 2.4% vs 1.9 +/- 0.3%; p less than 0.01). The findings suggest deranged macromolecular transport and lymphatic dysfunction in degenerative knee joint disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Epithelioid sarcoma with unusual radiological findings.

The case of a patient with epithelioid sarcoma in the right arm is reported. The diagnosis was delayed because of misinterpretation arising from complexity in the MR findings, including a honeycomb pattern in the subcutaneous fat simulating lymphedema, and an intramuscular diffuse high signal intensity on T2-weighted images without a discrete mass lesion. The histological findings revealed that the diffuse muscular abnormality mainly resulted from denervation of the muscles due to perineural invasion by the tumor, and subcutaneous edema from lymphedema secondary to lymphatic tumor spread concurrent with lymphatic fibrosis. Multiple foci of cortical erosions in the humerus, a rare manifestation of this tumor, were detected 6 months later.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advances in imaging of lymph flow disorders.

Conventional oil-contrast lymphography has long been the mainstay for lymphatic imaging. However, the emergence of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has severely curtailed its use. Because of recent improvements and refinements, lymphangioscintigraphy now permits high-resolution imaging of peripheral lymphatic vessels and provides insight into lymph flow dynamics. It is indispensable for patients with known or suspected lymphatic circulatory disorders in confirming the diagnosis and delineating the pathogenesis and evolution of lymphedema. In addition, lymphangioscintigraphy helps evaluate lymphatic truncal anatomy and radiotracer transport. It can also be used to evaluate the efficacy of various treatment options designed to facilitate lymph flow or reduce lymph formation. The procedure is essentially noninvasive, can easily be repeated, and does not adversely affect the lymphatic vascular endothelium. MR imaging complements lymphangioscintigraphy in the monitoring and treatment of more complex lymphatic circulatory disorders, whereas CT facilitates catheter-guided percutaneous sclerosis or obliteration of specific lymphangiectasia or lymphangioma syndromes. Ultrasonography has proved useful in the setting of filariasis. Patients with a provisional diagnosis of peripheral lymphatic dysfunction or idiopathic edema should undergo diagnostic lymphangioscintigraphy and, in some cases, MR imaging to verify diagnostic accuracy, pinpoint the specific abnormality, and help guide subsequent therapy.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2004

Lymphatic dysfunction in transgenic mice expressing KSHV k-cyclin under the control of the VEGFR-3 promoter.

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infects endothelial cells within KS tumors, and these cells express the KSHV latent-cycle gene k-cyclin (kCYC) as well as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), a marker for lymphatic endothelium. To further understand KSHV-mediated pathogenesis, we generated transgenic mice expressing kCYC under the control of the VEGFR-3 promoter. kCYC mRNA and functional protein expression within tissue correlated with VEGFR-3 expression and were most abundantly detected within lung tissue. Clinically, most transgenic mice died within 6 months of age secondary to progressive accumulation of chylous pleural fluid. In skin, edema was detected by magnetic resonance imaging and mice demonstrated persistent erythema of the ears following trauma. Histologically, erythematous skin showed extravasation of erythrocytes and accumulation of erythrocytes within lymphatic lumens. In addition, lymphatic drainage of injected contrast dyes was markedly impaired in transgenic mice. Karyomegaly, a feature observed in kCYC-expressing cells in vitro, was detected in many tissues, and selectively occurred within lymphatic endothelial cells expressing kCYC mRNA by in situ hybridization. In summary, kCYC expression within VEGFR-3+ cells of mice causes marked impairment of lymphatic function. kCYC may contribute to the development of certain clinical and histologic features of KS, including localized edema and retention of extravasated erythrocytes within KS tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

DiGeorge's or the III-IV pharyngeal pouch syndrome: pathology and a theory of pathogenesis.

Six new cases of the III-IV pharyngeal pouch syndrome were encountered at autopsy among 897 consecutive pediatric autoposies. All occurred in patients with conotruncal cardiac anomalies. The anatomic characteristics of the heart defect suggest a possible mechanism for the pathogenesis of this developmental anomaly. It is postulated that premature involution of the thyroidea ima artery, which is the principal embryonic blood source to the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches and the ultimobranchial body, may be the critical event in the embryogenesis of the syndrome. Hemodynamic alterations in the course of anomalous morphogenesis of conotruncal anomalies may favor premature involution of certain vessels including the left 4th aortic arch and the thyroidea ima. Deficiencies of thymus, parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial tissue ("C" cells) may be the consequence of vascular deprivation during embryogenesis. These cases are discussed with regard to the proposed mechanism of pathogenesis and the influence of varying quantities of thymus upon peripheral lymphoid tissue. Both embryologic and clinical data support the possibility of a deficiency of ultimobranchial tissue. The range of minor and inconstant anomalies seen in patients with this syndrome is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Biological aspects of HIV infection.

In the present paper the authors review the biological properties of the HIV infection. The preferential target of HIV infection is the lymphocyte that expresses the CD4 phenotype. Infection of CD4 subsets leads to a remarkable cytopathic effect that can be blocked by antibodies anti CD4 epitope. Actually the HIV envelope proteins recognize an epitope of the CD4 surface molecules; as consequence the antibodies anti idiotypic directed to CD4 indirectly present the binding of envelope proteins to CD4. The relationship between this retrovirus and the immunological pathogenesis of the disease are also discussed. HIV infection is facilitated in groups affected by alterations of the immune system as drug abusers, haemophiliacs and homosexuals. Secondary immunological abnormalities are consistently pronounced in people seropositive for the virus and affected by a progressive generalized lymphoadenopathy (PGL). The degeneration of primary lymphatic organs causes a reduction of the T-cell response against any antigenic challenge. After the PGL phase the disease shifts on AIDS, that is an irreversible stadium accompanied by the deterioration of the clinical status and by an increase of immunosuppression that favours the arise of tumours. In addiction HIV infection may cause severe central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions, the HIV associated neurological syndromes include myelopathy, meningitis, encephalitis and peripheral neuropathy. HIV has also been isolated from brain tissue and from cerebral spinal fluid.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Specific chromosome aberrations in 3 patients with Burkitt-like leukemia (Fab: L3)].

Karyotype analysis using the Tri-staining-technique (Chromomycin A3/Distamycin A/DAPI) and subsequent DAPI/AMD staining (Schweizer, 1981) was performed on the bone marrow and peripheral blood of three patients with "Burkitt-like" acute lymphatic leukaemia (FAB: L3). In two patients we found the specific translocation t(8;22). One patient displayed in addition a structural abnormality of chromosome 9, visualized with C-banding using the DA/DAPI stain, and in two patients we found specific abnormalities of chromosome 1. Several patterns of the abnormal chromosome 1 revealed an intercalated DA/DAPI positive C-band in the elongated long arm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Karyotypic evolution in CLL: identification of a new sub-group of patients with deletions of 11q and advanced or progressive disease.

Chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia and is characterized by long-term survival. Previous studies have shown that karyotypic abnormalities are relatively stable and that certain abnormalities may be associated with a poor prognosis. In a prospective 5-year study of 45 patients with typical CLL, sequential karyotypic studies were undertaken every 6-12 months. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities were identified in 62% of patients, either at diagnosis or during the study period with 38% (17/45) exhibiting clonal evolution. In patients with no clinical disease progression, 13q abnormalities were most commonly detected compared with 11q deletions in patients with progressive disease. Karyotypic evolution was significantly associated with progressive disease (12/16, 75% vs 5/29, 17%; P < 0.001, chi2). Thus, karyotypic evolution is not uncommon in CLL, is usually associated with disease progression and deletions of 11q are the commonest detected abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Selected pathological changes of the mare uterus and ovary.

Focal enlargements of the uterus are palpable through the rectal wall and have various aetiology. Aspects of their diagnosis, possible pathogenesis, significance and treatment are presented. Lymphatic lacunae appear to be quite common in older mares and may occasionally give rise to large endometrial cyst, but more frequently cause widespread change throughout the uterine horns. Three unusual ovarian abnormalities are presented, a large, oestrogen-producing granulosa cell tumour, an oestrogen-producing large follicle in a 4-month-old filly, and an ectopic progesterone-producing adrenal structure bordering on neoplasia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subclavian artery occlusion following radiation therapy. A case history.

Occlusion of the left subclavian artery was demonstrated following exposure to two courses of radiation, the patient having received 4,200 rads in 4 weeks 9 years previously, and 4,000 rads in 8 weeks almost 5 years previously. Despite other intercurrent medical conditions, this seems to be a cause-and-effect relationship, since the only segment of abnormal artery was confined to the limited volume receiving the double exposure, whereas other arteries nearby did not demonstrate abnormality.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

The prevalence and CT appearance of the levator claviculae muscle: a normal variant not to be mistaken for an abnormality.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The levator claviculae muscle is an infrequently recognized variant in humans, occurring in 2% to 3% of the population, and has rarely been reported in the radiologic or anatomic literature. The importance of this muscle to radiologists is in distinguishing it from an abnormality; most commonly, cervical adenopathy. After discovering this muscle on the CT scans of two patients during routine clinical examinations, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence and appearance of the muscle on CT studies. METHODS: We evaluated 300 CT scans that adequately depicted the expected location of the muscle. The most superior level in which the muscle could be identified and the apparent location of insertion on the clavicle were recorded for all subjects in whom the muscle was detected. RESULTS: Seven levator claviculae muscles were identified in six subjects (2%). It was bilateral in one, on the left in four, and on the right in one. It was identified up to the level of the transverse process of C3 in all cases. The insertion was the middle third of the clavicle for two muscles and the lateral third of the clavicle for the remaining five muscles. CONCLUSION: Because the levator claviculae muscle will most likely be encountered during a radiologist's career, it is important to recognize this muscle as a variant and not as an abnormality.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1977

[Cutaneous manifestations of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy].

The authors report four cases of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, presenting with cutaneous lesions: these have a tumoral presentation in two cases while in the other two, the polymorphic aspect of the cutaneous lesions is reminiscent of a toxidermic eruption. In contrast to the relative clinical polymorphism, the pathological findings are monomorphic, i.e., in all cases, there was a vascular proliferation together with a more or less dense cellular infiltrate consisting of cells indistinguishable from those involving the abnormal lymph nodes.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Semimacroscopic examinations of the surface pattern of small intestinal mucosa in Crohn's disease.

The mucosal surface pattern of surgical specimens from small intestine affected by Crohn's disease are studied using Alcian-green staining of whole mounts. The semimacroscopic appearance of the mucosa is described. Our findings include i.a. malformation and enlargement of villi-often to extreme degree-villi frequently showing small vesicles on their apical region. Polypoid structures were found to be avillous as well as covered by normal or abnormal villi. The semimacroscopic observations are compared with observations from conventional light microscopy. The villus enlargement is in the first stages caused by lymphatic dilatation and later by oedema and inflammation.

Adolescent↗