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PubMedDate not supplied

Cultivating informatics competencies in a community of practice.

To move the healthcare industry into the 21st century, nurses must become savvy in the use of informatics to provide optimal care to their patients. However, the relatively few formal nursing informatics programs that exist across the country are simply not adequate to meet the demands of both new and existing nurses. Informatics competencies must be incorporated into nursing curricula at entry-level and via staff development to provide a ready workforce. Creative faculty development strategies that capitalize on the concept of faculty as a community of practice are required to incorporate informatics competencies into nursing curricula.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1992

[Phonoaudiology in public health].

An undestanding of the activities and functions of a speech therapist within the specific context of the Basic Health Units (Unidades Básicas de Saúde) is sought. Difficulties relating to the introduction of a new service on the basis of one of the health professions that has not hitherto belonged to the group of categories which are traditionally incorporated in these same Basic Units. When the statistical data on the demand for speech therapy services by the population who attend health centres were considered, it was discovered that 32% were of schooling age and had been referred by schools, allegedly due to "learning problems". Closer contact with these children, through speech therapy, has brought a different aspect to light i.e. that one cannot consider as disturbance/deviation/problem/pathology written signs which constitute indications of the shock between the process of literacy and that of learning how to read and write. To understand the problem from the point of view of public health, a programme of teacher counselling is proposed, with the purpose of helping the school to clarify its role as co-constructor of the child's literacy process and of returning to the teacher the responsibility for the success and/or failure of teaching how to read and write. A similar programme is proposed for creches where coincidently, a greater proportion (44%) of the younger children (2 to 5 years of age) are seen to have difficulties in oral language development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Strategies for developing innovative programs in international medical education. A viewpoint from Africa.

Postgraduate medical education is an important factor in Africa's present emphasis on health care as a basis for socioeconomic development. Such education must be relevant to the realities of health problems in Africa. The priority of most African governments is training in traditional health care management and in fields related to community- and problem-based medicine. Presently, opportunities for such training exist in only seven centers throughout Africa. A model health care system, offered by most national governments, is described. This system, which includes district, provincial, and central levels of care, delivers over 80% of health services, and it is within such a system that nationals returning from postgraduate medical education abroad will function. Problems currently associated with these systems are the shortages of expertise in the areas of management, logistics, informatics, and resources mobilization, as well as the generally low literacy of the community. Africa also needs more teachers in the basic sciences, further development of biomedical research, courses in continuing education, particularly for field workers in isolated areas, short courses on investigative techniques, and goal-oriented research aimed at solving public health problems in the student's country.

Africa↗
PubMed2004

Study of basic computer competence among public health nurses in Taiwan.

Rapid advances in information technology and media have made distance learning on the Internet possible. This new model of learning allows greater efficiency and flexibility in knowledge acquisition. Since basic computer competence is a prerequisite for this new learning model, this study was conducted to examine the basic computer competence of public health nurses in Taiwan and explore factors influencing computer competence. A national cross-sectional randomized study was conducted with 329 public health nurses. A questionnaire was used to collect data and was delivered by mail. Results indicate that basic computer competence of public health nurses in Taiwan is still needs to be improved (mean = 57.57 +- 2.83, total score range from 26-130). Among the five most frequently used software programs, nurses were most knowledgeable about Word and least knowledgeable about PowerPoint. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed eight variables (weekly number of hours spent online at home, weekly amount of time spent online at work, weekly frequency of computer use at work, previous computer training, computer at workplace and Internet access, job position, education level, and age) that significantly influenced computer competence, which accounted for 39.0 % of the variance. In conclusion, greater computer competence, broader educational programs regarding computer technology, and a greater emphasis on computers at work are necessary to increase the usefulness of distance learning via the Internet in Taiwan. Building a user-friendly environment is important in developing this new media model of learning for the future.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Workflow technology: the new frontier. How to overcome the barriers and join the future.

Hospitals are catching up to the business world in the introduction of technology systems that support professional practice and workflow. The field of case management is highly complex and interrelates with diverse groups in diverse locations. The last few years have seen the introduction of Workflow Technology Tools, which can improve the quality and efficiency of discharge planning by the case manager. Despite the availability of these wonderful new programs, many case managers are hesitant to adopt the new technology and workflow. For a myriad of reasons, a computer-based workflow system can seem like a brick wall. This article discusses, from a practitioner's point of view, how professionals can gain confidence and skill to get around the brick wall and join the future.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cross-sectional seroprevalence survey for HIV-1 and high risk sexual behaviour of seropositives in a prison in India.

This study was conducted to know whether prisoners constitute a "high risk group" for HIV transmission in India today. A sero-epidemiological period prevalence survey was conducted in Central Prison, Bangalore, South India covering 1007 undertrials and 107 permanent convicts during January to December 1993. Twenty (1.98%) undertrials and none of the permanent convicts were seropositive for HIV infection. All of them were males and 1.6(80%) of them were in the age group of 20-30 years. Low literacy, poor income, sexual promiscuity and low condom usage were observed among the seropositives. Thus, prisoners constitute a high risk group and routine screening and counselling are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The experience of nursing students in an online doctoral program in nursing: a phenomenological study.

The increased sophistication of technology has led to greater use of distance learning, providing graduate nursing students with increased access to such programs, while more easily maintaining employment. Little information is available regarding the experience for those students enrolled on these programs. This information would be of value to both those who are considering online courses, and to those who are charged with developing and teaching these courses. A phenomenological approach was used in order to examine the experience of five students enrolled in an online doctoral program in nursing in the United States. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed for themes from which three main ones emerged as the essence of the experience: considering the fit, liking the fit, and making it fit. Recommendations are provided for future research pertaining to distance education, particularly in the form of graduate outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Enhancing teacher health literacy in school health promotion: a vision for the new millennium.

While the National Health Education Standards focused interest and attention on student (consumer) health literacy, equal attention should be given to teacher (provider) health literacy. Teacher health literacy may be defined as "the capacity of teachers to obtain, interpret, and understand basic health information and services, with the competence to use such information and services in ways that enhance the learning of health concepts and skills by school students." This paper reviews a traditional model for school health teacher preparation, then presents an alternative, university field-tested model for enhancing health literacy in teacher education. This new model presents an innovative instructional paradigm, the Child and Adolescent Health (CAH) Logic Framework. This training model (vision) illustrates and emphasizes the link between child and adolescent health research and theory, CAH information, and application to health education, public policy, medical care, and health advocacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Designing written medication instructions: effective ways to help older adults self-medicate.

One of the goals of Healthy People 2010 is for 95% of patients who are ordered medication to receive written medication instructions. The declining physical condition often associated with advanced age, lower literacy levels, and education among members of the current elderly cohorts, and increasingly complex medication regimes for chronic illness affect the ability of many older adults to learn. This article addresses Geragogy, the art and science of helping older adults learn, complimentary theories of learning, and examples of how they can be used to guide the construction of appropriate written medication instructions for older adults.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Promotion of health information access via Grateful Med and Loansome Doc: why isn't it working?

Information gathered from Grateful Med and Loansome Doc outreach projects, including one involving seven health centers in rural southwest Alabama, raises questions about the effectiveness of such programs. This paper presents a review of the literature on Grateful Med as well as of information access and usage behaviors of physicians, an overview of the Alabama project, and data from other projects. Analysis of the responses and observations of the researchers reveal some strategies for enhancing the outcomes of such projects and improving access to medical care literature by health care professionals at rural sites.

Alabama↗
PubMed2003

Hepatitis B and you: a patient education resource for pregnant women and new mothers.

An educational tool, Hepatitis B and You, has been designed to encourage women who test positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy to become active participants in the care required to prevent perinatal HBV transmission to their infants. Hepatitis B and You presents information at a sixth-grade reading level and uses educational strategies that are known to work with people who have low literacy skills. Preliminary evaluation shows that 86% of respondents reported that their knowledge about hepatitis B improved after reading the slide set, 85% that the information was helpful, and 95% that the format was easy to follow.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1999

Do multi-sectoral development programmes affect health? A Bolivian case study.

This cross-sectional study, carried out in Inquisivi, Bolivia, a rural area where Save the Children/US works, tests the hypothesis that participation in multisectoral development programmes results in improved health behaviours and better health outcomes. To test this hypothesis, four groups of households were compared: those participating in Save the Children's health-only programmes; those with access to health and micro-enterprise credit or health and literacy programmes; those participating in all three programmes (health, credit and literacy); and households from comparison communities (no access to any of Save the Children's programmes). Data come from a stratified sample of 499 households in the altiplano, foothills and valleys of the Andes. Findings reported here suggest that there is no clear association between participation in one or more of Save the Children's programmes and parents' actions to prevent and treat diarrhoea. Additionally, the point prevalence of diarrhoea was similar for all four groups. However, children of individuals participating in health, credit and literacy were significantly less likely than children from comparison communities to be malnourished or at risk of becoming malnourished, even after controlling for such potentially confounding factors as social class, source of drinking water, and the availability of health facilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Enabling student nurses to use the information superhighway.

Nursing graduates must be sophisticated in the use of information technologies and understand how these technologies interface with various health care systems. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a newly developed Internet course, focusing on current information technologies, on 20 RN-to-MSN students. Author-developed instruments were used to measure weekly computer use, perceived computer skill, and knowledge related to the information superhighway. The Stronge & Brodt Nurses Attitudes Toward Computerization Questionnaire was used to assess attitudes toward computerization. Qualitative data was elicited using weekly evaluation forms. When compared to 23 students at a similar stage of their nursing program, quantitative findings indicated that, at the end of the semester, students in the pilot course had more computer knowledge, reported greater computer skill, and used computers more. Qualitative findings suggested that pilot students: * Were connected with nursing networks and expressed their intent to maintain these networks. * Were able to use current health information found on the Internet in their nursing practices. * Used skills learned in the pilot class to complete projects in other classes. * Communicated with classmates via the Internet, thus forming a potentially valuable professional support system. * Used the library and librarians early in their programs. * Understood the relevancy of telemedicine and the Internet to the future survival of nursing in a changing health care arena. While the authors caution that an adequate infrastructure must be available to support such an endeavor, they emphasize that knowledge of the relevancy and use of the information superhighway is crucial to the future survival of nursing in a rapidly changing health care arena.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Community growth monitoring.

BACKGROUND: For a decade the effectiveness of growth charts has been questioned. Along with the purpose of assessing the growth patterns of children, growth charts were considered to be an educational tool. With low levels of literacy in developing countries, and consequently a minimum understanding of growth charts by mothers, they have had limited effectiveness, The practice is also time-consuming and resource intensive. OBJECTIVE: In wake of the importance of monitoring the growth of children, yet keeping in mind the ineffectiveness of growth charts, a novel method of monitoring the growth of children has been demonstrated in this article. SETTING: Urban squatter settlement covering a population of 10,000 people of low-income families. METHODS: Secondary school educated females were trained to give primary health care to their neighboring families and they were paid by a 'Health Insurance' system devised locally. As part of the PHC program a novel method of growth monitoring was tried in the form of "Community Growth Monitoring". CONCLUSION: Community Growth Monitoring requires less time and is effective in measuring the growth of children of a community as a whole, rather than the individual child. This is demonstrated as a process indicator of nutrition counseling, used as an intervention in the community.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1995

Immunization determinants in the eastern region of Ghana.

A study of the immunization determinants of children aged 12 to 18 months was conducted in 1991 in the Eastern Region of Ghana, using structured interviews of mothers and fathers. The completion of immunization schedules by one year, among the 294 children, was positively associated (P < 0.005) with the town of residence of the child and mother, the ability of the mother to speak English, the target child having been treated for illness at the local hospital, the child's mother having given birth to less than 5 children, the possession of a sewing machine by the mother, and the birth of the child in the current town of residence. Significantly higher immunization coverage levels were achieved where the Under Fives' Clinic was an affordable and acceptable service, integrating preventive and curative care, and where measures were implemented by the community to increase attendance levels at the Clinic. This was achieved among a target group who were otherwise at a relatively high risk of failing to complete immunization schedules on-time.

Fathers↗
PubMed2005

Understanding Harry Potter: parallels to the deaf world.

Every so often there are stories that take the world by storm and make such an impact that they become part of our everyday world. These stories, characters, and themes become established elements of cultural literacy. This is exactly what has happened with J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. Harry and his cohort of wizards, witches, and their adventures have become an indispensable part of popular literature and popular culture. We have developed an innovative way to ensure that Deaf children, their families, and anyone studying literature (Deaf or general) gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. In fact, we go further by demonstrating how using a Deaf Lens provides the greatest insight into the fascinating world of Harry Potter. Utilizing a Deaf Studies Template and a Deaf Lens, we capitalize on the experiences of Deaf people everywhere while celebrating the valuable role American Sign Language has in academic programming.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

APA Summit on Medical Student Education Task Force on Informatics and Technology: learning about computers and applying computer technology to education and practice.

OBJECTIVE: This article provides a brief overview of important issues for educators regarding medical education and technology. METHODS: The literature describes key concepts, prototypical technology tools, and model programs. A work group of psychiatric educators was convened three times by phone conference to discuss the literature. Findings were presented to and input was received from the 2005 Summit on Medical Student Education by APA and the American Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry. RESULTS: Knowledge of, skills in, and attitudes toward medical informatics are important to life-long learning and modern medical practice. A needs assessment is a starting place, since student, faculty, institution, and societal factors bear consideration. Technology needs to "fit" into a curriculum in order to facilitate learning and teaching. CONCLUSION: Learning about computers and applying computer technology to education and clinical care are key steps in computer literacy for physicians.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1998

Speech and language therapist-teacher collaboration in a literacy summer school.

This paper describes the collaboration between a speech and language therapist and a special needs teacher to provide an intensive phonics-based programme of reading and spelling instruction in the context of a literacy summer school for students about to enter secondary school. The students' reading and spelling abilities were tested before and after the summer school. All the students benefited from the summer school in many ways. Various factors, such as innate language ability, attendance, completion of homework and age, appeared to contribute to the degree of improvement of individual students.

Age Distribution↗