SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Leukemic Infiltration”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Hemoptysis, anemia and respiratory failure: a rare initial presentation of acute leukemia.

Leukemic pulmonary infiltration, as an initial presentation of acute leukemia, is rare and poses a therapeutic dilemma. Leukemic infiltrate of the lung may be unrecognized, as patients can present with cough, fever and localized roentgenographic infiltrate, all suggestive of bacterial pneumonia. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with distinct clinicopathologic features, such as: younger age of patients, shorter duration of symptoms before diagnosis, pulmonary infiltration with atypical promyelocytes and bleeding tendency due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). APL can become rapidly fatal if not treated early in its course. We report a case of APL with diffuse pulmonary infiltration and abnormal complete blood count. He was initially diagnosed and treated as an outpatient for community-acquired pneumonia. The patient returned with worsening pulmonary infiltrate, abnormal peripheral smear and respiratory failure, resulting in death within three months of his initial presentation. As evidenced by this case, acute leukemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pulmonary infiltrate and abnormal hematological findings.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

An autopsy study of eye involvement in acute leukemia of childhood.

The eyes of 60 children who had died of acute leukemia between 1968 and 1977 at the Children's Hospital Medical Center have been examined pathologically. An attempt has been made to relate eye findings to the state of the systemic disease at the time of death. Eight of the 60 patients had leukemic retinal infiltrates and all eight had fulminant disease with terminal leukocyte counts over 100,000 per cubic millimeter and a high percentage of "blast" cells. Twenty-six patients (43%) had leukemic infiltration of the choroid that was inapparent clinically. Choroidal involvement was not correlated with high terminal leukocyte counts but was invariably associated with widespread infiltration of other organs. Four patients had optic nerve involvement; all four had coexistent meningeal leukemia. Isolated retinal hemorrhages could not be correlated with other parameters of the leukemic process.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1989

Leukemic cell-endothelial cell interactions in leukemic cell dissemination.

In some human and experimental leukemias and lymphomas, the pattern of metastasis can be correlated with the homing sites of the normal progenitor cells. In vitro binding assays and homing experiments with murine lymphoma cell lines suggest that the nonrandom distribution of metastasis could be determined by specificity of cell-endothelium binding. A single subcutaneous inoculum of L2C cells in strain II guinea pigs resulted in a predictable stereotyped pattern of metastasis. Leukemic cell infiltrates were mainly observed around veins at specific locations in each organ: in brain, the most superficial leptomeningeal veins; in liver, veins of the portal triads; in lung, peribronchial veins; in kidney, veins of the renal columns; in adrenal gland, capsular veins and veins of the medulla. Those vessels also showed intense leukemic cell binding and diapedesis. This would suggest that the leukemic infiltrates were the result of transvenular traffic in these regions. Because leukemic cells were both in the intra- and extravascular compartments, the direction of the cell migration could not be determined. When L2C cells were injected into the right auricle of normal guinea pigs, leukemic cell binding occurred almost exclusively in veins located in areas of metastasis predilection. In addition, extravasation by diapedesis occurred in high endothelial venules in lymphoid organs, peribronchial veins and veins in the portal triads. Neither leukemic cell binding nor diapedesis occurred at the sinusoidal or capillary levels; extravasation in these vessels results from intravascular proliferation and secondary damage of the vessel wall, not by diapedesis. Our data suggest the existence in several organs of the guinea pig of a widely distributed, yet discrete, system of venular endothelial cells specialized in the traffic of leukemic cells.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1979

Ocular complications following blast transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

A number of ocular problems compromising vision occurred in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia following blastic transformation. Hemorrhagic retinopathy developed with systemic relapse and resolved with control of systemic disease. Optic nerve involvement occurred with meningeal leukemia and was controlled with intrathecal cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate. Leukemic retinal infiltrates developed despite control of systemic and meningeal disease and were successfully treated with radiation therapy. Finally, bilateral vitreous hemorrhages occurred, severely impairing vision. Leukemic infiltration of the eye may occur with increasing frequency in CML as the survival following bastic transformation improves. Infiltration should be recognized and treated promptly if serious loss of vision is to be avoided. Central nervous system prophylaxis should be considered in patients achieving a complete response following therapy for transformation.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Osteoarticular and pulmonary manifestations of acute leukemia. Case report and review of the literature.

Acute leukemia with bone or joint symptoms of sufficient magnitude to obscure and delay the correct diagnosis has been reported but is rarely mentioned in the recent literature, particularly in adults. The authors report an adult with rapidly fatal acute leukemia and a clinical course dominated by recurrent osteoarticular symptoms; osteoarticular symptoms preceded the diagnosis of leukemia by 3 months and delayed diagnosis and treatment. The correct diagnosis requires awareness of the osteoarticular manifestations of acute leukemia and examination of blood or bone marrow smear by an experienced observer; a biopsy specimen of bone or joint lesions or examination of cytocentrifuged synovial fluid may aid in diagnosis. The immediate cause of death in our patient was respiratory failure with prominent leukemic interstitial pulmonary infiltrates at autopsy; clinically significant leukemic pulmonary infiltrates have only rarely been reported. The authors review the literature on pulmonary and osteoarticular manifestations caused by acute leukemic infiltrates.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2001

Transcriptional regulation of expression of carbohydrate ligands for cell adhesion molecules in the selectin family.

Cell adhesion mediated by selectins and their carbohydrate ligands is involved in the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells during the course of hematogenous metastasis of cancer. In patients with leukemia, this adhesion is involved in the extravascular infiltration of leukemic cells. Extravasation and tissue infiltration of malignant cells in patients with adult T-cell leukemia is mediated by the interaction of selectins and their carbohydrate ligand sialyl Lewis X, which is strongly and constitutively expressed on the leukemic cells. Constitutive expression of Lewis X in these cells is due to the transcriptional activation of Fuc-T VII, the rate-limiting enzyme in the sialyl Lewis X synthesis, induced by the Tax protein encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus-1, the etiological virus for this leukemia. This transactivation is in clear contrast to the regulation of typical CRE-element found in various cellular genes in that it is independent of phosphorylation-dependent regulation. This must be the reason for the strong and constitutive expression of sialyl Lewis X, which exacerbates the tissue infiltration of leukemic cells. This is a good example corroborating the proposition that the abnormal expression of carbohydrate determinant at the surface of malignant cells is intimately associated with the genetic mechanism of malignant transformation of cells.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1989

[Acute myelogenous leukemia with recurrence of the meningeal, spinal cord and the optic nerve infiltration with remission induction by Co therapy and maintained by intrathecal chemotherapy with Ommaya reservoir].

A 42-year-old woman was diagnosed as having acute myelogenous leukemia (M 2 of FAB classification) in May, 1985. Complete remission was achieved with the BHAC-DP therapy (BHAC, daunomycin and prednisolone). Whole skull irradiation and intra thecal chemotherapy were performed by way of prevention. In 1986, she developed her visual disturbance and paraplegia. Myelography and metrizamide CT indicate intraspinal and meningeal infiltration of leukemic cells in the upper thoracic spine. Leukemic cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid but not in the bone marrow. Complete remission was obtained by irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. In Dec. 1986, Ommaya tubing was repeated. Hematological and neurological examinations showed no evidence of malignancy for 3 years. In Oct. 1988, she admitted to our hospital for the maintenance of the remission state, and died of sepsis. The result of autopsy revealed no leukemic cells in her CNS. It is said the intraspinal infiltration of leukemic cells is rather rare. As it is said the intrathecal injection of anti-leukemic agents is not effective for the intraspinal infiltration, irradiation should be needed. Therefore it is very important to critically differentiated intraspinal from meningeal infiltration. Furthermore, Ommaya tubing is effective in order to maintain remission in a patient with CNS leukemia.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Correlation of gonadal function with histology of testicular biopsies at treatment discontinuation in childhood acute leukemia.

Testicular open-wedge biopsy was performed in 35 children in complete remission from acute lymphoblastic leukemia without clinical signs of leukemic testicular infiltration at the time of treatment discontinuation. Histological investigation showed thickening of the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules in 13 of 35 patients. In 5 of 35 patients, the tubular fertility index was markedly reduced; in 5 of 6 pubertal patients, decreased spermatogenesis or aplasia of germinal epithelium was observed. Histologic damage was found mainly in the germinal cells both in patients treated with cytosine arabinoside and cyclophosphamide and in those treated with antiblastic drugs not considered damaging to the gonads. The extent of impairment was independent of age at start of treatment. On the other hand, endocrinological investigation carried out at the crucial moment of treatment suspension showed normal hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal function as well as normal anthropometric data, bone age, and pubertal stage in the majority of patients. Testicular leukemia was found in only one patient (2.8%) whereas three children with negative testicular biopsies had testicular relapses within 7 months. Therefore, in view of the limits of light microscopy in diagnosing leukemic infiltration at treatment discontinuation, we propose the use of more sophisticated techniques, possibly within 6 months of suspension of therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of mouse tissue distribution of arabinosylcytosine in vivo with enzymatic activities in vitro.

The distribution of arabinosylcytosine (ara-C) and its metabolites has been measured in the liver, small intestine, spleen, and kidney of mice inoculated ip 5-6 days earlier with L1210 leukemia cells. Two major metabolites were found in the tissues--the nucleotides and the deaminated inactive product, arabinosyluracil (ara-U). The decay curve of ara-C in most of these tissues was curvilinear; the ara-C half-lives estimated from the terminal phases were 8. 11, 12, and 12 hr for spleen, kidney, intestine, and liver tissues, respectively. The ara-C half-life was not correlated with the deoxycytidine deaminase activity in the tissues. However, the deaminase activity in vitro correlated well with the amount of ara-U present in vivo. Similar analyses were made for L1210 leukemic cells and ascites fluid. A high nucleotide level was found in the cells and a significant amount of nucleotides was also identifiable in the ascites fluid. The activities of deoxycytidine kinase, but not of deoxycytidine deaminase, in host tissues of mice inoculated with L1210 leukemic cells sensitive to ara-C were greater than in those of normal mice. The phosphorylating activities in vitro correlated with the amount of nucleotide present in vivo in mice bearing L1210 leukemic cells. However, the infiltration of leukemic cells containing high kinase activities into the host tissues accounted for most, if not all, of the nucleotide level in these tissues. This is further evidenced by the fact that inoculating mice with L1210 leukemic cells resistant to ara-C did not alter the kinase activity or nucleotide levels of the host tissues; these resistant cells contain negligible amounts of ara-C phosphorylating activities.

Aminohydrolases↗

PubMed2002

Cerebrovascular disease in acute leukemia: a clinicopathological study of 14 patients.

OBJECTIVE: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a serious complication of acute leukemia, and the underlying conditions are different from the common risk factors for CVD. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and pathological features of CVD in patients with acute leukemia. PATIENTS OR MATERIALS: In our series of 116 autopsied cases of acute leukemia during the period between January 1978 and December 1998, we had 14 patients who had CVD during the course of acute leukemia. The neuropathological and clinical features of those patients were examined. RESULTS: Neuropathological examination showed hemorrhagic infarction due to disseminated aspergillosis or mucormycosis (5 cases), multiple hemorrhages due to leukemic cell infiltration (2 cases) and a single massive hemorrhage with petechial hemorrhages in various regions of the brain (4 cases). Three patients had CVD due to miscellaneous causes. Clinicopathological correlation revealed that fungal disseminations occurred under agranulocytosis, while leukemic cell infiltration occurred under a marked leukocyotosis (peripheral white blood cell count >100,000/microl). Four patients with coagulopathy, including three with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) had a single massive hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that there were at least three types of CVD with specific clinicopathological features. Hemorrhagic infarction under agranulocyotosis was due to disseminated aspergillosis or mucormycosis. Multiple cerebral hemorrhages under marked leukocyotosis was due to leukemic cell infiltration into the brain. Massive cerebral hemorrhage was associated with coagulopathy including DIC.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

Effects of purified iron-saturated human lactoferrin on spleen morphology in mice infected with Friend virus complex.

The present report describes effects of lactoferrin treatment on the development of erythroleukemia in the spleen of mice infected with Friend virus complex (FVC). Lactoferrin (LF) treatment was carried out in mice for up to 2 weeks at a total dose of 200 micrograms per mouse. The treatment was started at Days 7 and 14 prior to viral infection and Days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 11 after viral infection. Spleens were analyzed 14 days after viral infection. In mice whose treatment was initiated at Days 0 and 1, few leukemic cells were present in the spleen. Most of them appeared in clumps in the red pulp. No leukemic cells were seen in the white pulp. The white pulp was greatly enlarged. In mice whose treatment was initiated at Day 3, leukemic cells began to spread out in the red pulp and encroached upon the white pulp. The white pulp was enlarged and clearly visible. In mice whose treatment was initiated at Days 7 and 11, many leukemic cells were present in the red pulp. The white pulp was infiltrated by leukemic cells and became less discernible. The morphologic features of the spleen in mice whose treatment was initiated at Day 7 or 14 prior to viral infection were similar to those of untreated groups. Leukemic cells not only filled most of the cordal space in the red pulp but also invaded the white pulp. Many leukemic cells were seen in venous sinuses. When infected mice responded to LF treatment, the general architecture of the red pulp remained intact and the white pulp was enlarged but not infiltrated by leukemic cells.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Lymphocytic infiltrates and subclinical epithelial tumor extension in patients with chronic leukemia and solid-organ transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Dense infiltrates in association with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in patients with underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may complicate pathologic interpretation of histologic margins. OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to determine the frequency of identifying dense inflammatory infiltrates in frozen histologic sections during Mohs operation for BCC or SCC in patients with CLL and organ-transplant recipients, to characterize the infiltrate (reactive versus leukemic) in CLL, and to estimate the subclinical tumor extension in patients with CLL, transplant recipients, and control subjects undergoing Mohs procedure. METHODS: Frozen sections of head and neck BCC and SCC obtained during Mohs procedures in patients with CLL, organ transplant recipients, and a control group were reviewed retrospectively. Biopsy specimens of CLL with dense infiltrates were assessed with immunohistochemical stains. Subclinical tumor extension (postoperative defect size minus preoperative tumor size) was evaluated in each group. RESULTS: Dense infiltrates were found in tumors of 20 of 55 patients with CLL (36%), 1 of 8 transplant recipients (13%), and 1 of 105 controls (1%). In patients with CLL, 75% of the dense infiltrates were B-cell leukemic. Compared with controls, the mean subclinical tumor extension was larger in patients with CLL (P=0.029) and in transplant recipients (P=0.55). CONCLUSION: Dense leukemic infiltrates associated with BCC or SCC in CLL may complicate pathologic interpretation of Mohs surgical histologic margins and may be associated with larger postoperative defects relative to preoperative clinical tumor appearance. In patients with CLL, as in transplant recipients, SCC seems more likely to develop than BCC.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗

PubMed1994

Childhood leukemia: diagnostic accuracy of bedside chest radiography for severe pulmonary complications.

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of bedside chest radiography in patients who develop severe pulmonary complications while undergoing therapy for leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors studied 45 patients, aged 21 years and younger, who died of leukemia or of treatment complications and for whom autopsy findings were available. Pulmonary findings at autopsy comprised pneumonia (n = 25), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n = 16), hemorrhage (n = 38), infarction (n = 18), and leukemic cellular infiltration (n = 11). Four radiologists who were unaware of the autopsy diagnoses independently rated antemortem bedside chest radiographs. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy for each disease was as follows: ARDS, 0.81 +/- .03 (standard error); all pneumonias, 0.56 +/- .04; hemorrhage, 0.47 +/- .07; infarction, 0.50 +/- .12; and pulmonary leukemic cellular infiltration, 0.38 +/- .12. CONCLUSION: The specific radiographic appearance of ARDS permits excellent diagnostic accuracy.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2006

[Establishment of a nude mouse model of human monocytic leukemia with multi-organ infiltration].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Acute leukemia is always accompanied by extramedullary infiltration, which may be the source of relapse. The mechanism of infiltration is unclear yet. This study was to establish a leukemic extramedullary infiltration model for exploring the mechanism. METHODS: After being treated by splenectomy, cytoxan intraperitoneal injection, and sublethal irradiation, 4-and 6-week old BALB/c nu/nu mice were transplanted intravenously with 5x10(6) or 1x10(7) of SHI-1 human monocytic leukemic cells. The leukemic cells engrafted into the mice were tracked by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), histopathologic examination, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: SHI-1 cells were engrafted in nude mice and infiltrated into the stomach, liver, lungs, brain, kidneys, bone marrow, and so on, and formed green solid tumors in some positions. Autopsy revealed that neoplasms were found in more organs in 4-week old mice than in 6-week old mice. Human CD45-positive cells were detected in the bone marrow of 4-week old mice but not in 6-week old mice. CONCLUSION: SHI-1 cells can be engrafted in the pretreated nu/nu mice, and this model provides a useful experimental system for the research of leukemic extramedullary infiltration.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[CD56-positive adult T-cell leukemia manifested by abnormal lung shadows].

A 54-year-old woman was admitted to Juntendo Izunagaoka Hospital on Aug. 29, 1998, after experiencing cough and fever for 19 days. Chest X-ray films disclosed infiltrates in the left lung field. The abnormal lung shadows progressed despite antibiotic therapy, and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly developed. Peripheral blood examination disclosed cleaved lymphoid cells without granular cytoplasm. Anti-HTLV-I antibody titer was x320, and the monoclonal integration of HTLV-I provirus was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Surface marker analysis of lymph node cells was positive for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD56, and HLA-DR. The above results yielded a diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia. LSG-4 therapy alleviated the lung infiltrations and dyspnea. This case was considered unusual because of the expression of the natural killer cell marker CD56 on leukemic cells and the presentation of abnormal lung shadows possibly due to leukemic cell infiltration.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1996

Cutaneous monoblastic leukemia as a first sign of relapse six years after autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia.

A patient with acute monoblastic leukemia (AML, M5A) was treated successfully in December 1987. In 1993 after 6 years in complete remission, she presented with an intracutaneous nodular mass on her right upper arm which was resected in toto and shown to be undifferentiated monoblastic leukemia. Two further chloroma lesions were excised in July 1994 and March 1995 respectively. Bone marrow cytology and histology always showed a continuing complete remission with no evidence of leukemia relapse. In July 1995 she presented with a disseminated skin infiltrate and a relapse with 80% monoblasts in the bone marrow. After one course of chemotherapy (Idarubicin/Ara-C), a second complete remission was achieved and her leukemic skin infiltrate disappeared completely. This case illustrates that chloromas of the skin can occur as late as 6 years after treatment for AML and also emphasizes that the occurrence of a chloroma does not necessarily mean immediate leukemia relapse. It also stresses that a second complete remission can be achieved with standard AML-induction therapy despite widespread leukemic skin infiltrates in such patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1989

[Initial symptoms of hematemesis from gastric varix with chromosomal abnormalities of t(2; 8) and 14q+ in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (FAB: L3)].

A 71-year-old woman was hospitalized because of hematemesis on December 1, 1987. Her white blood cell (WBC) count was 41,200/microliters with 48% of lymphoblasts, and the bone marrow was hypercellular with more than 90% of blasts. The diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (FAB: L3) was made by morphologic, cytochemical and immunologic studies of the blasts. The examination of fiber gastroscope revealed remarkable varix in the stomach, suggesting portal hypertension accompanied by infiltration of leukemic cells into reticulo-endothelial system. She died of respiratory failure because of bleeding into the trachea. The autopsy disclosed the massive infiltration of leukemic cells into the whole organs. In the chromosome study of the peripheral blood, t(2; 8) and 14q+ were observed, and these chromosomal abnormalities are relatively unusual in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Specific and nonspecific skin manifestations in leukemia].

The cutaneous manifestations of leukemias are conventionally divided into nonspecific benign lesions and specific malignant lesions. Specific lesions (leukemia cutis) are localized or disseminated infiltrations of the skin by malignant leukemic cells which may involve all layers of the skin. The clinical appearance of leukemia cutis is variable and may range from papules and nodules to a generalized cutaneous eruption and erythroderma. The histopathologic examination of the skin lesion is essential for diagnosis of leukemia cutis. Specific skin lesions are usually observed in patients with an aggressive clinical course and are associated with a poor prognosis. However, an overall survival of patients with specific skin lesions of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is significantly better, as compared with other types of leukemia. Rarely, skin lesions containing leukemic cells are present before evidence of leukemia cutis can be detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow (aleukemic leukaemia cutis). Leukemic skin lesions should be differentiated from numerous nonspecific lesions, which may be present in up to 80% of all patients with leukemia.

Diagnosis, Differential↗