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PubMed1996

Probiotic treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by Lactobacillus fermentum KLD.

The principle of using harmless bacteria for conquering pathogens has been used for many years. It has been used prophylactically against travellers' diarrhoea and for protection of recurrent pseudomembranous colitis. The aim of this study was to treat a chronic infectious condition, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, by oral administration of a certain strain of Lactobacillus. 17 patients with long-standing bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine were included. The study was designed as a double-blind cross-over, where the patients were their own controls. The study was divided into 4 parts. (A) For the first 2 weeks placebo was given b.i.d. (B) For the next 4 weeks patients received either placebo or 10(10) Lactobacillus fermentum KLD b.i.d. (C) A wash-out period of 4 weeks followed. (D) Finally, for the second 4 week treatment period patients were crossed over to receive either lactobacilli or placebo. A hydrogen breath test with 50 g glucose was performed at the start and at the end of each period. Symptom scores were recorded on the last week of each period. The study was completed by 14 patients. Lactobacillus treatment showed no significant difference compared to placebo with respect to the results of the hydrogen breath test: 29 (3-95) vs 14 (3-129) ppm, (median and 10th and 90th percentiles), stool frequency: 14 (8-40) vs 12 (7-31) defecations/week. or symptom score: 12 (5-46) vs 17 (6-42) scores/week). High numbers of L. fermentum KLD in faecal samples were only seen in 2 patients. In conclusion, dosage with L. fermentum KLD in this study did not significantly alter the parameters investigated.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in milk. 2. Characteristics of purine nucleotides, pyrimidine nucleotides, and nucleic acid synthesis.

Lactobacillus bulgaricus incorporated exogenous guanine only into guanine nucleotides and not into adenine nucleotides. Lactobacillus bulgaricus lacks the ability to interconvert adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides. Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides from orotic acid was depressed by addition of guanosine monophosphate or adenosine monophosphate. Some step in pyrimidine biosynthesis from orotic acid may be negatively regulated by the intracellular amount of purine nucleotides. Lactobacillus bulgaricus could not grow in milk from which orotate was removed. This indicates that the activity of de novo pyrimidine synthesis is very low in this organism. When the intracellular amount of purine or pyrimidine base was limited, ribonucleic acid synthesis was markedly depressed, resulting in cell elongation, whereas deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was not so much affected.

Adenine↗
PubMed1999

Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus helveticus in ovine milk subjected to high hydrostatic pressure.

Ovine milk, standardized to 6% fat, was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus CECT 534 and Lactobacillus helveticus CECT 414 at a concentration of 10(7) cfu/ml and treated by high hydrostatic pressure. Treatments consisted of combinations of pressure (200, 300, 400, 450, and 500 MPa), temperature (2, 10, 25, and 50 degrees C), and time (5, 10, and 15 min). Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to pressure; only pressurizations at 50 degrees C of 500 MPa for 15 min achieved reductions of > or = 7.3 log units. For L. helveticus, the number of surviving cells was reduced considerably at pressures of 400 MPa or more (up to 4.5 log units at 50 degrees C for 15 min), and pressure was more effective at low (2 and 10 degrees C) and moderately high (50 degrees C) temperatures than at room temperature (25 degrees C). Both species showed first-order kinetics of destruction in the range 0 to 60 min. The D values for S. aureus were 20 min (2 degrees C at 450 MPa) and 16.7 min (25 degrees C at 450 MPa), and D values for L. helveticus were 7.1 min (2 degrees C at 450 MPa) and 9.1 min (25 degrees C at 450 MPa). Lactobacillus helveticus showed higher rates of survival of pressure than those reported in previous studies for other Lactobacillus spp.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of Lactobacillus inoculation and antibiotic feeding of chickens on availability of dietary biotin.

Oral inoculation with Lactobacillus acidophilus and dietary supplementation with antibiotics were compared in broiler chicks fed various levels of biotin to determine their effect on the biotin status of the chicks. Lactobacillus acidophilus inoculation of broiler chickens fed a diet marginally deficient in biotin (56 micrograms/kg) caused a significant decrease (P less than .01) in their liver biotin content from 1596 to 931 ng/g. The decrease biotin status was confirmed by significant increases (P less than .01) in 16:1 and 18:1 plasma fatty acids and significant decreases (P less than .01) in 18:0 and 20:4 omega 6 plasma fatty acids. These alterations in fatty acids were only observed when the samples were taken from chickens in the fed condition. Supplementation with Lactobacillus caused an increased incidence of foot dermatitis and decreased growth of chickens, presumably by competing with the chicken for dietary biotin. No significant changes were noted with antibiotic feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and performance by beef feedlot cattle given Lactobacillus direct-fed microbials.

Fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7, the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in pens and on carcasses and hides, and cattle performance as a result of daily dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFMs) were evaluated in a feeding trial involving 180 beef steers. Steers were evaluated for shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by an immunomagnetic separation technique on arrival at the feedlot, just before treatment with the DFMs, and every 14 days thereafter until slaughter. Composite pen fecal samples were collected every 14 days (alternating weeks with animal testing), and prevalence on hides and carcasses at slaughter was also evaluated. Feedlot performance (body weight gain and feed intake) was measured for the period during which the DFMs were fed. Gain efficiency was calculated as the ratio of weight gain to feed intake. Lactobacillus acidophilus NPC 747 decreased (P < 0.01) the shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in the feces of individual cattle during the feeding period. E. coli O157:H7 was approximately twice as likely to be detected in control animal samples as in samples from animals receiving L. acidophilus NPC 747. In addition, DFM supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the number of E. coli O157:H7-positive hide samples at harvest and the number of pens testing positive for the pathogen. Body weight gains (on a live or carcass basis) and feed intakes during the DFM supplementation period did not differ among treatments. Gain efficiencies on a live-weight basis did not differ among treatments, but carcass-based gain/feed ratios tended (P < 0.06) to be better for animals receiving the two DFM treatments than for control animals. The results of this study suggest that the feeding of a Lactobacillus-based DFM to cattle will decrease, but not eliminate, fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7, as well as contamination on hides, without detrimental effects on performance.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2006

Effect of high-barrier packaging films with different oxygen transmission rates on the growth of Lactobacillus sp. on meat fillets.

The goal of this study was to determine the combined effect of (i) the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of packaging film, often called oxygen film permeability or film permeability and (ii) temperature on the growth rate of the main prevailing organism, Lactobacillus sp., in 100% CO2-packed sterile meat fillets. Multifactorial experiments were designed to study the effect of OTR and temperature (0, 5, 8, and 10 degrees C) on the growth rate of Lactobacillus sp. inoculated on sterile meat fillets under 100% CO2 and aerobic conditions. The packaging conditions (air or 100% CO2) and the film OTR significantly affected the growth rate of Lactobacillus sp. only at temperatures higher than 0 degrees C. Low-permeable films with different OTRs did not affect the final population of the bacterium, but the growth rate was significantly changed. The correlation of an ephemeral microbial association with a low spoilage potential (e.g., lactic acid bacteria) or their growth retardation cannot always be assumed unless other determinants (e.g., OTR) of equal importance are taken into account. The present study provides information that can be of benefit to industry and the consumer.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus as prophylaxis for candidal vaginitis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether daily ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus prevents vulvovaginal candidal infections. DESIGN: Crossover trial for at least 1 year during which patients were examined for candidal infections and colonizations while receiving either a yogurt-free or a yogurt-containing diet. Patients served as their own controls. SETTING: Ambulatory infectious disease center in a teaching hospital providing tertiary care. PATIENTS: Thirty-three women with recurrent candidal vaginitis were eligible after recruitment from community practices and clinics and through advertising. Twelve patients were eliminated for protocol violations. Of the remaining 21 patients, 8 who were assigned to the yogurt arm initially refused to enter the control phase 6 months later. Thus, 13 patients completed the protocol. INTERVENTIONS: Women ate yogurt for 6 months of the study period. MEASUREMENTS: Colonization of lactobacilli and candida in the vagina and rectum; candidal infections of the vagina. MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-three eligible patients were studied. A threefold decrease in infections was seen when patients consumed yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. The mean (+/- SD) number of infections per 6 months was 2.54 +/- 1.66 in the control arm and 0.38 +/- 0.51 per 6 months in the yogurt arm (P = 0.001). Candidal colonization decreased from a mean of 3.23 +/- 2.17 per 6 months in the control arm to 0.84 +/- 0.90 per 6 months in the yogurt arm (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Daily ingestion of 8 ounces of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus decreased both candidal colonization and infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus sp levels in cardiac children.

This study assesses salivary conditions of 20 children with cardiac disease comparing with a control group of 15 healthy children. The results showed that there was no difference between the groups on salivary flow, buffer capacity and the level of Streptococcus mutans (Sm). The test group i.e., children with cardiac disease, showed a lower level of Lactobacillus sp. The association between the usage of antibiotics and the risk of developing caries, measuring the level of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus sp., showed that children taking antibiotics frequently had a significant lower level of Lactobacillus sp (p<0.05) than healthy children. This association was not found on relation to the levels of Streptococcus mutans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The fecal flora of man. III. Communication: The composition of Lactobacillus flora of different age groups (author's transl)].

From fecal flora of 66 infants aged 3 to 220 days, 29 children aged 4 to 6 years, 42 adults aged 20 to 64 years and 21 senile persons aged 65 to 86 years, the Lactobacillus flora was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. In the feces of babies only the resident lactobacilli (L. acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. fermenti) were found, while in the feces of children, adults and senile persons the resident lactobacilli as well as the transient lactobacilli (L. casei, L. plantarum, L. brevis, L. buchneri and L. lactis) were found simultaneously. Within the Lactobacillus species L. acidophilus type I, L. fermenti type IVa and L. salivarius type Ia were most frequently found in the feces of all age groups. In addition, L. acidophilus type X was also often found in the feces of senile persons. In connection with the numbers of species or types of lactobacilli in one fecal specimen, one or two species or types were demonstrated in 94,5% of positive cases of infants. With increasing age the numbers increased, especially more than three species or types were demonstrated in 85% of positive cases. In infants in 3 different clinics, clinic-specificities were demonstrated in relation to the species or types of lactobacilli isolated: in each clinic clearly certain species or types of lactobacilli were present. The results indicate that the composition of the Lactobacillus flora in the feces is influenced by lactobacilli orally ingested.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Inhibition of Lactobacillus species on the germination of Aspergillus flavus spore].

Actively growing Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.1856 cells totally inhibited the germination of mold spores. Cell-free supernatant broth from the fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum could not destroy the viability of mold spore. While the pH of the culture broth and supernatant were about 4.0, and the acidification of non-fermented broth to pH 4.0 with lactic acid could not cause a similar inhibition on spore germination. This experiment discounted the possibility that the inhibitory effect on mold growth was due to the lactic acid produced by Lactobacillus, and suggested that the effect was because of both low pH and microbial competition.

Aspergillus flavus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of nutrient medium for the cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3 ].

Optimal nutrient medium providing accumulation of cell biomass of Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3 has been developed. According to this index the proposed medium meets the nutrition requirements of bacteria under study and is comparable with the basal (MRS) medium. Dependence of growth properties of Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3 on concentration of the medium basal components has been studied. Maize extract (6 vol.%) and enzymolysate of fodder yeast (5 vol.%) are the most favourable sources of nitrogen nutrition. Addition of pantothenic, nicotinic acids or riboflavin to the nutrient medium increased the yield of Lactobacillus plantarum biomass.

Biomass↗
PubMed2004

[Amplification of Lactobacillus bulgaricus beta-galactosidase gene and optimization of the reaction condition].

OBJECTIVE: To obtain the gene which encode high activity beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus bulgaricus and study the influencing factors of amplification. METHODS: Lysozyme and freeze-thaw cycles were applied to obtain Lactobacillus bulgaricus DNA; different template concentration and annealing temperature were selected for the amplification. RESULTS: 60 ng/microliter template concentration and 66 degrees C annealing temperature were the best reaction conditions of amplifying the gene. CONCLUSION: This study optimized the template concentration and anneal temperature conditions of amplifying Lactobacillus bulgaricus beta-galactosidase gene, thus providing a foundation for further studies.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of monosaccharides of bacterial glycocalix of Bacillus-Lactobacillus-Streptococcus group by gas-chromatography].

The glycocalix of some bacteria of the Bacillus--Lactobacillus--Streptococcus (Bacillus subtilis 3, B. subtilis 668, B. licheniformis 31, Lactobacillus plantarum 11/16, Enterococcus faecium K-50) group were isolated and composition of neutral monosaccharides was investigated. Such sugars as rhamnose, ribose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose were found in the investigated representatives of genus Bacillus--Lactobacillus--Streptococcus. Presence of significant quantity of glucose and galactose did not depend on cultivation conditions. This fact testifies to its conservatism and a possibility to use it as phylogenetic marker.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2005

Plasmid profiling and curing of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chicken.

In this study, we assessed the susceptibility of 12 Lactobacillus strains, all of which had been isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of chicken, to three antibiotics (chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline) used commonly as selective markers in transformation studies of lactic acid bacteria. Among these strains, 17%, 58%, and 25% were found to exhibit a high degree of resistance to 200 microg/ml of tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Seven of the 12 Lactobacillus strains exhibiting resistance to at least 50 microg/ml of chloramphenicol or erythromycin, and five strains exhibiting resistance to at least 50 microg/ml of tetracycline, were subsequently subjected to plasmid curing with chemical curing agents, such as novobiocin, acriflavin, SDS, and ethidium bromide. In no cases did the antibiotic resistance of these strains prove to be curable, with the exception of the erythromycin resistance exhibited by five Lactobacillus strains (L. acidophilus I16 and I26, L. fermentum I24 and C17, and L. brevis C10). Analysis of the plasmid profiles of these five cured derivatives revealed that all of the derivatives, except for L. acidophilus I16, possessed profiles similar to those of wild-type strains. The curing of L. acidophilus I16 was accompanied by the loss of 4.4 kb, 6.1 kb, and 11.5 kb plasmids.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Applyed aspects of molecular biology of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus].

The data obtained in the molecular genetic studies of the representatives of the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are given. At present the genomes of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum sized 2,256.640, 1,993.564 and 3,308.274 base pairs respectively, were completely sequenced. The use of different methods of gene indication and gene typing essentially widened the existing notions of the species variety of these bacteria, made it possible to change the classification of known species and to find out new ones, vegetating in different biotopes of the human body. Molecular genetic approaches also ascertained the taxonomic position of production strains of lactic-acid bacteria used in food industry, helped determine the kinetics of the passage of probiotic strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli along the gastrointestinal tract, as well as determine the duration of their preservation in the intestine after oral administration. In addition, the data on the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of some preparations, probiotics and synbiotics, with determination of the population level of endogenic and orally introduced exogenic bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are presented.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Genetic nature of the antibiotic-resistance of Lactobacillus].

One hundred and forty one strains of Lactobacillus were isolated from intestinal contents of persons being in long-term contact with antibiotics. Their sensitivity to 10 chemotherapeutic agents was studied with the method of serial dilutions in solid media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A single administration of antibiotics in the therapeutic doses led to selection of Lactobacillus polyresistant strains in the intestine of rats. The antibiotic resistance spectrum of the Lactobacillus cultures was unstable and changed under nonselective conditions of their storage and after their lyophilization or short-term exposure to heat. The changes in the resistance spectrum were accompanied by changes in the plasmid profile. An electrophoretogram of plasmid DNA from the intestinal isolate L plantarum MT205 is presented. Relation between the marker of lincomycin resistance and the presence of plasmid DNA weighing 130 kb was shown in the isolate.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylases. Preparation and amino acid sequences of the beta chains of histidine decarboxylase from Clostridium perfringens and Lactobacillus buchneri.

Histidine decarboxylase (HisDCase) from Lactobacillus buchneri was purified to homogeneity. Its subunit structure, (alpha beta)6, and enzymatic properties resemble closely those of the immunologically cross-reactive HisDCase of Lactobacillus 30a (Recsei, P. A., and Snell, E. E. (1984) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53, 357-387). The complete amino acid sequences of the beta chains of the HisDCase from L. buchneri (81 residues) and Clostridium perfringens (86 residues) were then determined to be a and b, respectively. (a) SEFDKKLNTLGVDRISVSPYKKWSRGYMEPGNIGNGYVSGLKVDAG VVDKTDDMVLDGIGSYDRAETKNAYIGQINMTTAS. (b) TLSEGIHKNIKNIKVRAP KIDKTAISPYDRYCDGYGMPGAYGDGYVSVLKVSVGTVKK TDDILLDGIVSYDRAEINDAYVGQINMLTAS. SEFDKKLNTLGVDRISVSPYKKWSRGYMEPGNIGNGYVSGLKVDAGVV. Although these sequences differ substantially near the NH2-terminal ends, there is striking homology near the COOH termini and also near the NH2 terminus of the two alpha chains (pyruvoyl-Phe-X-Gly-Val-, where X is Ser or Cys). If the four known pyruvoyl-dependent HisDCases arise from inactive proenzymes by the mechanism previously demonstrated for the HisDCase of Lactobacillus 30a (Recsei, P. A., Huynh, Q. K. and Snell, E. E. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 973-977), then each of these proenzymes has the sequence -Thr-Ala-Ser-Ser-Phe- at the activation site (where -Ser- becomes the COOH terminus of the beta chain and -Ser- becomes the pyruvoyl group blocking the NH2 terminus of the alpha chain), and the sequences around this activation site are highly conserved in all four enzymes. These facts support the assumptions that the four enzymes have evolved from a common ancestral protein, are formed from inactive pyruvate-free proenzymes by similar mechanisms, and have similar catalytic mechanisms.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

[Lactobacillus flora and colonization resistance].

Lactobacillus flora of healthy persons and the properties influencing the protective function of lactobacilli are described. It was shown that the species and quantitative composition of the Lactobacillus flora in healthy persons was characterized by individual features and the Lactobacillus flora of separate microbiotopes was different. Furthermore, the properties defining the protective function of lactobacilli in the host: colonization capacity, direct antimicrobial activity and interference with other protective mechanisms were also different in separate species and even strains.

Adult↗