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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A porous implant model for a knee joint.

A study of the lubrication mechanism occurring in knee joint replacement is presented. The idealized model has been shown to produce results consistent with those in normal situations. In the present problem viscoelastic fluid has been considered to represent the synovial fluid in the fluid-film region and purely viscous Newtonian fluid in the porous layer due to filtration. Because of exact solution not being possible for the governing non-linear partial differential equations, the perturbation method has been used to obtain approximate solutions. The effect of an increase in the viscoelastic parameter of the lubricant is similar to that of an increase in concentration of hyaluronic acid molecules in synovial fluid. Important deductions are made for load carrying capacity and coefficient of friction and it has been shown that the slip velocity plays an important role in maintaining the self-adjusting nature of human joints.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Swanson silicone finger joint implants: a review of the literature regarding long-term complications.

A review of the English-language literature pertaining to complications associated with Swanson Silastic (Dow Corning, Midland, MI) finger implants was performed. The review focused on seven broad categories of complications: synovitis, lymphadenopathy, bone change, implant fracture, implant loosening, infection, and implant removal. Outcome data on 15,556 small joint implants were identified in 70 pertinent articles. The prevalence rates of complications associated with finger implants were all very low. Implant fracture and bone changes occurred in 2% and 4% (respectively) of finger implants. Each of the other complications developed in 1% or less of implants, including particulate synovitis (0.06% of implants). Particle-wear lymphadenopathy was reported in 0.08% of implants. The literature review identified no reports of immunologic reactions, connective tissue disease, or other systemic effects associated with the use of Swanson finger implants.

Finger Joint↗
PubMed2001

[Total trapezometacarpal prostheses: concepts and classification study].

This paper is an attempt to classify the different types of trapezio-metacarpal total prostheses according to their bio-mechanical principle and to compare the bio-mechanics of these prostheses to that of the normal trapeziometacarpal joint. The trapeziometacarpal joint has two approximate centres of rotation (one in the proximal metacarpal, one in the trapezium), two degrees of freedom and two arc of mobility about 70 degrees. The mechanical model of the trapeziometacarpal joint is a universal-joint called "cardan" with three constraint forces (one axial compression force, and two shear forces, radial and posterior) and one constraint moment around the longitudinal axis. The trapeziometacarpal prostheses may be classified in two main categories: the most frequently used are the "ball and socket" prostheses. Several prostheses, including the surface replacement prostheses have the mechanical characteristics of an universal joint (cardan). Ball and socket prostheses have one centre of rotation, 3 degrees of freedom, three constraint forces in three directions and no constraint moment when "cardan" or surface prostheses have two centres of rotation and 2 degrees of freedom; three constraint forces and one constraint moment. Trapeziometacarpal prostheses may also be classified according to their arc of mobility, or according to their mode of primary fixation (cemented, non-cemented), "press-fit", expansion and to their secondary fixation (hydroxyapatite).

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1997

Contact stress analysis of the tibial component of prosthetic knee implants.

The engineering problems associated with implantation into the human body of prosthetic knee implants and some of the outstanding issues facing engineering designers in this growing sector of orthopaedic medicine are described. The contact behaviour of polymeric tibial components was modelled using a stainless steel indentor in contact with an Araldite CT200 block which contained embedded strain gauges. The block was subjected to normal and sliding loads and the stresses in the block were evaluated using the strain data; the results were compared with results obtained from finite element analysis. The results are considered in the light of recent experience with non-conforming knee implants.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1986

Metacarpophalangeal joint replacement with osseointegrated endoprostheses.

A new type of endoprosthesis for reconstruction of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint has been tested. The novel arthroplasty consists of a joint mechanism with two screw-shaped fixtures for bone anchorage. These fixtures, of commercially pure titanium, are gently screwed into the anchoring bone on each side of the diseased joint, the aim being to achieve osseointegration, i.e. a direct contact between implant and bone without interposed soft tissue layers. The hand was immobilized in a dorsal splint for 8-10 days post-operatively after which a carefully controlled mobilization program was initiated. In principle, the titanium fixtures, the surgical technique and the primary immobilization represent an approach similar to that previously used in various reconstruction procedures of the jaw. This paper describes 5 case histories of reconstructions required because of osteoarthrosis in a single MCP joint. Prior to the operation, all patients suffered from severe problems resulting from their arthrotic joints and they had not been able to work for several months. After surgery they were evaluated by a clinical assessment program and X-rays were taken at various times of follow-up. As well as visual inspection all radiograms were subjected to densitometry by means of a computer-based image-analysis system in order to provide information on the development of bone density in the bone-to implant interface region. From a functional point of view the treatment with osseointegrated prostheses must be regarded as being successful. All patients were able to go back to their original work and their hands had a satisfactory range of movement and grip strength with no signs of impaired function on longer follow-up time. Clinical problems were one re-operation, one case of implant fracture and one case requiring exchange of the joint mechanism. The computer-assisted evaluation of the radiograms revealed the presence of calcified tissue in many sections where the naked eye was not capable of differentiating any bone. In conclusion, it seems possible to establish osseointegration of MCP-endoprostheses in the arthrotic human joint in complicated cases which were regarded as contraindicated for any other joint arthroplasty.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1980

Total shoulder replacement with a constrained prosthesis.

Forty-three shoulder-joint replacements were performed in forty-two patients using a constrained joint. Twelve material failures were experienced in the first series of twenty-two shoulders and only two in the second, modified series (twenty-one shoulders). Loosening of the glenoid components was not encountered, although radiolucent lines have been observed about some of the components. A basic feature of the design was to allow dislocation of the metal head from its cup when excessive motion of the components is attempted by the patient and a specific torque is exceeded. A method of insertion and design considerations allowed us to achieve strong attachment between the metal glenoid and the scapula.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Substitution of an injured finger joint by silicone rubber prosthesis].

Between 1973 and the first semester of 1975, on the injured and destroyed digital articulation 27 patients have been operated on by means silicon rubber prosthesis of Swanson type. The prosthesis plasty and the field of its use are shortly resumed, pointing out the importance of its adaptation on the injured articulation. The operative technique is described, as well as the results obtained and the aspects of the evaluation are discussed. The results obtained with the silicon rubber prosthesis are very promising. In the case of failure arthrodesis may be performed at any time.

Finger Injuries↗
PubMed2003

[Prophylaxis of pyogenic complications in total replacement of large joints].

Results are studied of management of 378 patients having undergone total knee and hip arthroplasty over the period 1995-2001. Surgical interventions were undertaken in those patients presenting with osteoarthrosis deformans, rheumatoid arthritis, for complicated posttraumatic fractures, pathological fractures secondary to an oncological process. Pyo-inflammatory complications which necessitated removal of endoprothesis developed in nine (2.32%) patients. A strict keeping to the system of the purulent complications prophylaxis in total arthroplasty is an important component of a successful management of those patients presenting with grave forms of affections of the great joints.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knee joint simulator.

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Arthroplasty↗