[Experiences with tularin made in Czechoslovakia. I. Analysis of results of intradermal tularin test in persons vaccinated with Soviet dry live anti-tularemic vaccine].
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Adult↗
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Results for “Intradermal Tests”
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Septic shock. Evaluation of the intradermal epinephrine test in diagnosis and of the effects of human plasma in potentiating coliform endotoxin.
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Animals↗
Local anaesthetic creams and intradermal skin tests.
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Anesthetics, Local↗
[Vaccinations of children allergic to eggs with vaccine prepared with egg].
BACKGROUND: The mumps, influenza, yellow fever and measles vaccines are grown in chick-embryos. Because allergic reactions to these vaccines have occasionally been reported in children who have suffered anaphylaxis from egg ingestion, it has been claimed that these children should not receive such vaccines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 17 egg-allergic children aged 1 year 1 month to 7 years 10 months (mean 2 years 4 months) were studied. All had developed an allergic reaction less than one hour after egg ingestion. Allergy was confirmed by skin testing (prick skin test) and detection of IgE antibodies to egg (RAST). RESULTS: Seven children were immunized normally by their general practitioner, who was not aware of their allergy; 8 children having negative prick skin and intradermal tests with the vaccine were also immunized normally while 2 children who had positive intradermal test with the vaccine received divided doses following a protocol established for this study. None of these 17 egg-allergic children developed local and/or general reactions. Reintroduction of egg (yolk then white) was tested on the day of immunization in 4 children: only one developed facial edema. CONCLUSION: This protocol permits these vaccines to be safely given to egg-allergic children.
Child↗
[Results of skin tests 1981 to 1989].
In the aim of proving the existence of organism sensitivity to standard group inhalation antigens, at the ORL Clinic in Novi Sad, in the period of 1981 through July, 1989, intradermal testing was conducted in 1816 patients. The greatest number of positive reactions appeared within the city inhabitants, mostly of female sex. Most frequently they reacted to house dust (53.19%), pollen (37.88%), Ambrosia (18.17%), Dermatophagoides pteronissynus (11.17%), and much less frequently to other allergens. With regard to the fact that intradermal tests are not quite safe, the authors have adopted the prick test in their further work, because it is very easy to perform, it's quick, cheap, very sensitive, and it gives distinctly positive and negative responses. Its correlation with clinical manifestations and RAST is good, and what's most important, it does not cause any local or general side effects.
Female↗
Allergy to dexchlorpheniramine. Study of a case.
INTRODUCTION: Dexchlorpheniramine (DH) is a classical or first generation antihistamine belonging to the ethanolamine group. Adverse effects related to these antihistamines are frequent, but the hypersensitivity reactions described in the literature since 1940 are exceptional. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who experienced two episodes of akathisia secondary to intravenous (i.v.) dexchlorpheniramine administration for a possible hypersensitivity reaction to local anesthetics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Allergological study consisted of the following tests: skin prick tests with routine allergens, with a negative result; skin prick and intradermal tests with local anesthetics and DH, with a positive result to DH in the intradermal skin test (+ +); serum specific IgE, which was within normal levels; histamine release test with DH with a negative result, and the basophil activation test (BAT) with local anesthetics and DH, which was positive for DH and weakly positive to Lidocaine. CONCLUSION: BAT is proving to be a highly useful tool in the field of drug allergy, with a higher sensitivity and specificity than other in vitro tests. Because it avoids the need for provocation tests, this is especially important in drug-induced allergic reactions in which in vivo tests are repeatedly negative despite a clear clinical history.
Adult↗
Equine Culicoides hypersensitivity: evaluation of a skin test and of humoral response.
Intradermal tests were carried out on 18 horses with clinical signs of Culicoides hypersensitivity (CHS) and 23 horses without clinical signs of CHS, and sera from these horses were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting (W-B). Intradermal injections of 0.1 ml of 25 microg/microl sterile Culicoides extract, 0.1 ml of 1:10,000 histamine (positive control) and 0.1 ml of physiological saline (negative control) were made in the dermis of the middle region of the neck. Analysis of reactions indicated that a 1 cm wheal and a skinfold thickness >10% at 24 h represented a valid cut-off between horses with and without CHS. In these conditions the test, even in winter when clinical signs were absent, had 100% sensitivity and specificity. The W-B was performed after running Culicoides extract on a 12% polyacrylamide gel. The test revealed the presence of several bands with molecular weight ranging from 6 to 200 kDa. In particular, a band of 65 kDa was predominantly found in hypersensitive horses by using an anti-IgE antibody while in normal horses the same band was mainly detected by using an anti-IgG antibody. Our results demonstrated that the skin test is a valid diagnostic test, with high sensitivity and specificity and that the band of about 65 kDa probably corresponds to the allergen involved in the pathogenesis of CHS.
Animals↗
The treatment of allergic rhinitis with immunotherapy: a review of 1,000 cases.
We conducted a 10-year retrospective chart review of 1,000 immunotherapy-treated patients to evaluate the efficacy and safety of serial dilution quantitative intradermal testing in the management of allergic rhinitis. Three months after the initiation of immunotherapy, these patients had been assessed to ascertain whether or not they had experienced any overall improvement in their initial symptoms. Also included in this evaluation were determinations of each patient's use of medications as well as the incidence of adverse reactions to treatment and recurrent sinus infections. We found that 860 patients had achieved complete relief of their symptoms and required no other treatment; the remaining 140 patients experienced a partial improvement and continued to use pharmacotherapy to control breakthrough symptoms. During skin testing, only one patient experienced a systemic reaction, which responded to subcutaneous epinephrine. There were no deaths. We conclude that serial dilution quantitative intradermal testing is safe and that quantification of skin reactivity in evaluating and treating allergic rhinitis with immunotherapy is completely effective in the vast majority of patients.
Humans↗
[A case of anaphylactic shock due to an antibiotic used preoperatively].
We report a case of an anaphylactic reaction due to a preoperatively administered antibiotic. A 72-year-old man scheduled to undergo cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy received a cefoperazone infusion after being turned to a lateral position for insertion of an epidural catheter. Immediately after local injection of lidocaine, he, complained of inguinal itching. His systolic blood pressure then decreased to 60 mmHg and complained of discomfort and vomited. Soon, his systolic blood pressure decreased to 40 mmHg and he lost consciousness. Antibiotic infusion was stopped and he was returned to a prone, head-down position. His Spo2 decreased to 90%, and oxygen was administered. Following ephedrine 10 mg injection, his systolic blood pressure increased to 80 mmHg and he became conscious, but an erhythemic area appeared on his precordial region. Repeated epinephrine 0.05 mg injection restored his blood pressure to the preoperative level. Since a blood sample obtained 15 minutes after the event revealed high serum IgE levels, he was diagnosed as IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction. Subsequent intradermal tests were tentatively positive to cefoperazone and negative to lidocaine. Surgery was successfully performed using cefotiam, which was also negative in a preoperative intradermal test.
Aged↗
Mosquito bite hypersensitivity.
We report a patient who experienced systemic anaphylaxis after several mosquito bites. The skin tests were positive, by prick and intradermal tests, with two species of common mosquito (Aedes communis and Culex pipiens) and also with red midge larvae (Chironomus). Specific IgE against Aedes communis was demonstrated. We carried out SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with whole body extracts of Aedes communis and Culex pipiens and with red midge larvae. The immunoblotting results showed specific IgE against two proteins of approximately 30 kDa with the extract of Culex pipiens. We also found IgE against one protein of a slightly lower molecular weight with Aedes communis, and against several proteins (the most important with a molecular weight between 30 and 70 kDa) with the Chironomus extract. Cross-reactivity between these insect species was suspected.
Adult↗
Allergenicity of orange juice and orange seeds: a clinical study.
Oranges are considered to be common allergenic fruits in China. They may induce severe food allergy in sensitive individuals. Allergic histories were analyzed in 26 orange-sensitive patients. Intradermal tests with extracts of orange juice and seeds were performed in 16 out of the 26 patients. P-K test was performed in one patient. The allergic history analysis suggested that clinical symptoms of some orange-allergic subjects were different from other fruit allergies but similar to nut and other oil plant seed allergies. The skin test and P-K test showed that the major allergenic components of orange reside in orange seeds instead of orange juice. Systemic reactions developed in 5 patients after intradermal tests with 1:20-200 (w/v) orange seed extracts. We considered that orange seed contains high potent allergens which may induce orange sensitivity due to careless chewing of orange seeds.
Adult↗
T-cell reaction to local anaesthetics: relationship to angioedema and urticaria after subcutaneous application--patch testing and LTT in patients with adverse reaction to local anaesthetics.
BACKGROUND: Local anaesthetics are known to elicit T-cell reactions after epicutaneous application, namely contact dermatitis. In addition, adverse reactions like urticaria and angioedema are rather common after submucosal or subcutaneous injection. The pathogenesis of these side-effects, which appear frequently hours after application, is unknown, but thought to be not immunoglobulin E-mediated, since immediate skin tests are mostly negative. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether patients who developed urticaria and angioedema after subcutaneous application have a T-cell sensitization to local anaesthetics, which might be responsible for the symptoms. METHODS: Twenty patients with generalized and/or local cutaneous reactions after LA were examined with intradermal testing using a standard panel of six LAs and patch testing using between seven and nine LAs in vaseline and four LAs in PBS. In 10 patients, a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was performed. RESULTS: Only 2/20 patients had an immediate skin reaction (positive intradermal test), whereas 6/20 patients had a positive delayed skin reaction (positive patch test). In 6/10 subjects the LTT was positive. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed appearance of urticaria and angioedema after subcutaneous application of local anaesthetics may be related to a T cell- mediated sensitization, which might be detected by patch testing or LTT.
Adolescent↗
The role of carrier in sensitivity to chromium and cobalt.
Patients suffering from contact dermatitis caused by chromium sensitivity showed positive reactions to intradermal tests with chromium and cobalt chlorides. Patch tests to cobalt in unaffected and in healed eczematous skin areas gave negative results. A large number of chromium-sensitive patients also showed a positive intradermal test reaction to cobalt bound to human serum albumin and a negative reaction to cobalt bound to rabbit liver glycogen. It has been suggested that these positive reactions to cobalt are secondary sensitivities to cobalt, caused by cobalt-denaturated human serum albumin that is so similar to the denaturated product of chromium cations that the competent cells cannot distinguish between them.
Chromium↗
Evaluation of a comparative intradermal tuberculin test in California dairy cattle.
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Animals↗
Antigens of Hyostrongylus rubidus, the red stomach worm of pigs. Analyses by means of passive haemagglutination and immediate hypersensitivity tests.
Antigens were prepared from different stages of worm development and adult worm antigens were fractionated by ion exchange and exclusion chromatography. The antigens, or fractions of them, were assessed for their activity in passive haemagglutination reactions or intradermal tests. The results of the passive haemagglutination reactions indicated that circulating agglutinins were more readily detected when adult stage specific antigens were used. Antigen prepared from worms isolated when the population was declining was less sensitive. Fractions of adult worm antigen did not confer greater sensitivity than the whole worm extract.
Animals↗
IgE-mediated anaphylaxis after first intravenous infusion of cyclosporine.
BACKGROUND: Intravenous administration of cyclosporine, which contains Cremophor EL (a polyethoxylated castor oil; BASF, Berlin, Germany), has occasionally resulted in an anaphylactic reaction. An apparent hypersensitivity reaction (bronchospasm and decrease in blood pressure) had occurred during heart transplantation in a 59-year-old woman after intravenous infusion of cyclosporine. Subsequent oral administration of cyclosporine precipitated no reaction. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to attempt to ascertain the mechanism responsible for the anaphylactic reaction. METHODS: Hypersensitivity investigations, including total serum IgE and allergen-specific IgE quantifications, skin testing, and basophil activation tests by flow cytometric determination of CD63 upregulation were undertaken in the study patient and in two healthy control subjects who were free of medication. RESULTS: The results of intradermal testing with Cremophor EL were positive after 15 minutes in the study patient only. Both cyclosporine and Cremophor EL induced considerable activation of the basophils from our study patient, with an upregulation of CD63 expression from 1% to 39% and 55%, respectively. In contrast, the expression of CD63 on basophils from the two control subjects remained essentially unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The negative investigative findings in the control subjects, the patient's clinical manifestations in temporal relationship to the infusion, her positive results on intradermal testing with Cremophor, the basophil activation test results, and her uneventful course after oral administration of cyclosporine strongly support the presence of IgE antibodies to Cremophor EL in our patient.
Anaphylaxis↗
[Clinical and immunological study of 2 cases of systemic candidiasis].
Two cases of chronic systemic candidiasis of the infancy are presented and their immunity in vivo and in vitro is studied. The clinical course, the negative intradermal tests to Candida extract and the absence of lymphoblastic transformation to the same antigen, suggest an immunological deficit of the cell mediated immunity. The positive response to intradermal test of bacterial antigens, the clinical recovery from infections different from Candida albicans and the positivity of the patch test to DNCB suggest the possibility of a selective immunological reponse (macrophage inability of precessing Candida albicans). The authors give a pathogenic hypothesis of the two different clinical cases (granuloma and erythematous-scaly sesions), based on the different capacity in producing MIF.
Antibody Formation↗
Oestrogen dermatitis.
A 56-year-old woman presented with a recurrent itchy eruption mainly involving her face and upper trunk for 5 years. The rash flared cyclically 3 days before her menstruation and improved 5-10 days after the onset of her period. Examination revealed erythematous maculopapules, vesicles and crusting mainly on her face and upper trunk. Biopsy from a papule revealed spongiotic dermatitis. Intradermal testing with oestrogen was positive. There was marked improvement with tamoxifen. Sensitivity to oestrogen and progesterone is rare in women and the clinical presentation may be similar. Positive intradermal testing is diagnostic. Tamoxifen is effective in treating oestrogen sensitivity.
Adult↗