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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A MeSH based intelligent search intermediary for consumer health information systems.

GIN AUSTRIA (Gesundheitsinformationsnetz AUSTRIA) offers patients and consumers reliable medical knowledge about diseases, wellness and disease management in an easy understandable way and enables them to quick and incessant access to informations about the Austrian health system and Austrian health organizations. To achieve full customer (patients, citizens) satisfaction to find relevant information we propose a concept of a vector-model oriented IR-Tool based on the controlled vocabulary of the MeSH Thesaurus (german version). By this approach users who are often not used to scientific terms and expressions are supported to build up their own query with MeSH Main Headings. In a second step broader and narrower Main Headings are added to the query-vector by the system. The tool is part of the GIN Search Modul, which will ease gathering health information from different heterogenous internet datasources.

Austria↗
PubMed2005

Intelligent robust control for uncertain nonlinear time-varying systems and its application to robotic systems.

This paper addresses the problem of designing adaptive fuzzy-based (or neural network-based) robust controls for a large class of uncertain nonlinear time-varying systems. This class of systems can be perturbed by plant uncertainties, unmodeled perturbations, and external disturbances. Nonlinear H(infinity) control technique incorporated with adaptive control technique and VSC technique is employed to construct the intelligent robust stabilization controller such that an H(infinity) control is achieved. The problem of the robust tracking control design for uncertain robotic systems is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed robust stabilization control scheme. Therefore, an intelligent robust tracking controller for uncertain robotic systems in the presence of high-degree uncertainties can easily be implemented. Its solution requires only to solve a linear algebraic matrix inequality and a satisfactorily transient and asymptotical tracking performance is guaranteed. A simulation example is made to confirm the performance of the developed control algorithms.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Using artificial intelligence to automate remittance processing.

The consolidated business office of the Allegheny Health Education Research Foundation (AHERF), a large integrated healthcare system based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, sought to improve its cash-related business office activities by implementing an automated remittance processing system that uses artificial intelligence. The goal was to create a completely automated system whereby all monies it processed would be tracked, automatically posted, analyzed, monitored, controlled, and reconciled through a central database. Using a phased approach, the automated payment system has become the central repository for all of the remittances for seven of the hospitals in the AHERF system and has allowed for the complete integration of these hospitals' existing billing systems, document imaging system, and intranet, as well as the new automated payment posting, and electronic cash tracking and reconciling systems. For such new technology, which is designed to bring about major change, factors contributing to the project's success were adequate planning, clearly articulated objectives, marketing, end-user acceptance, and post-implementation plan revision.

Accounts Payable and Receivable↗
PubMed2005

How well can signs and symptoms predict AMI in the Malaysian population?

The aim of the study was to use data from an electronic medical record system (EMR) to look for factors that would help us diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with the ultimate aim of using these factors in a decision support system for chest pain. We extracted 887 records from the electronic medical record system (EMR) in Selayang Hospital, Malaysia. We cleaned the data, extracted 69 possible variables and performed univariate and multivariate analysis. From the univariate analysis we find that 22 variables are significantly associated with a diagnosis of AMI. However, multiple logistic regression reveals that only 9 of these 22 variables are significantly related to a diagnosis of AMI. Race (Indian), male sex, sudden onset of persistent crushing pain, associated sweating and a history of diabetes mellitus are significant predictors of AMI. Pain that is relieved by other means and history of heart disease on treatment are important predictors of a diagnosis other than AMI. The degree of accuracy is high at 80.5%. There are 13 factors that are significant in the univariate analysis but are not among the nine significant factors in the multivariate analysis. These are location of pain, associated palpitations, nausea and vomiting; pain relieved by rest, pain aggravated by posture, cough, inspiration and exertion; age more than 40, being a smoker and abnormal chest wall and face examination. We believe that these findings can have important applications in the design of an intelligent decision support system for use in medical care as the predictive capability can be further refined with the use of intelligent computational techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Object-centered representation for species systematics and identification in living systems in nature.

An artificial intelligence application to identification in biological taxonomy is presented. An object-centered representation is described using SHIRKA, a knowledge-based system developed in France. The capacities of this system, relating to a classification algorithm, are described. An application to the identification of the trees and lianas of the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats (India) is presented to illustrate the problems encountered in the development of the knowledge base. A model of a systematist's reasoning, using evolutionary principles, is the basis of this work. Finally the efficiency of the system is discussed.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experiences with the new Audiant XA-II implant and the behind-the-ear (BTE) device.

Patients with large conductive hearing loss do not always tolerate conventional air conduction or bone conduction hearing aids. They can be helped sometimes with an implantable bone conductor device. The so-called bone-anchored hearing aid consists of an implantable titanium skull screw and an external sound processor unit. In this study, we report our experiences with 10 subjects who have been implanted with the recently improved Audiant screw-type XA-II and their experience with the newly developed behind-the-ear (BTE) external processor, the at-the-ear processor and the body-level device with a new transducer with variable magnetic strength. Evaluation shows that the Audiant XA-II system is well accepted and does not show any tissue reaction. The BTE processor is an important new complement to the Audiant system. Furthermore, the system is effective in compensating the air-bone gap almost completely at the higher frequencies but only partially at the lower ones. The maximum output appears to limit its feasibility for perceptive losses beyond 20 dB (PTA). When this system is utilized for proper hearing loss, however, the system usually improves speech intelligibility both in quiet and in background noise. When the system is prescribed for hearing losses with a moderate or large perceptive component, the system is ineffective and leads to negative evaluations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Three-dimensional radiation treatment planning.

A major aim of radiation therapy is to deliver sufficient dose to the tumour volume to kill the cancer cells while sparing the nearby healthy organs to prevent complications. With the introduction of devices such as CT and MR scanners, radiation therapy treatment planners have access to full three-dimensional anatomical information to define, simulate, and evaluate treatments. There are a limited number of prototype software systems that allow 3D treatment planning currently in use. In addition, there are more advanced tools under development or still in the planning stages. They require sophisticated graphics and computation equipment, complex physical and mathematical algorithms, and new radiation treatment machines that deliver dose very precisely under computer control. Components of these systems include programs for the identification and delineation of the anatomy and tumour, the definition of radiation beams, the calculation of dose distribution patterns, the display of dose on 2D images and as three dimensional surfaces, and the generation of computer images to verify proper patient positioning in treatment. Some of these functions can be performed more quickly and accurately if artificial intelligence or expert systems techniques are employed.

Radiotherapy Dosage↗
PubMed1991

Implementing a record-oriented clinical lab interface using HL7 version 2.1 at Indiana University Hospital.

At the Indiana University Hospital (IUH) site on the Indianapolis campus, HL7 version 2.1 is being implemented via a TCP/IP LAN, (using the "Minimal" Lower Layer Protocol). HL7 is currently being used to convey record-oriented lab results from the local clinical laboratory system to a clinical database system via an intelligent router, which also provides store and forward capabilities. The database application displays the lab results in a variety of configurable formats to clinical users.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the Yellow IRIS. An automated method for urinalysis.

The authors evaluated the Yellow IRIS automated urinalysis instrument (International Remote Imaging Systems, Chatsworth, CA 91311) in terms of its analytic performance as well as its ease of use. The Yellow IRIS is a system using automated intelligence microscopy (AIM), coupled with a dipstick reader and specific gravity module. The instrument can handle up to 30 specimens per hour in the authors' setting as compared with 10 specimens per hour using a full manual urinalysis coupled with microscopic examination. The authors conclude that the Yellow IRIS performed better than the manual method in terms of precision, linearity, and throughput. In addition, the diagnostic yield using this system in terms of abnormal results was higher than would have been picked up by manual analysis alone.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microprocessors as intelligent front-end devices for medical-information systems.

Computer technology has produced increasingly powerful systems whose miniaturization has spawned the term microprocessor. The role of microcomputers is optimal if they are linked to larger systems in a distributed, hierarchical network with each element performing those functions for which it is best suited. Obstacles to the development of such a network include incompatibilities in operating systems, application languages, file structures, and communication protocols. Some attempts to address these problems are briefly reviewed. Given the availability on an effective distributed hierarchy of computers, the microprocessor can be useful in a number of functions requiring rapid response and limited access to large, central data files. Examples of such activities in the medical-information environment included program development and testing, forms entry, and text-management systems. With adequate attention to the systems support as well as the development of effective application techniques, the role of microprocessor-based intelligent terminals will inevitably expand rapidly in coming years.

Computers↗
PubMed2004

Late neurocognitive sequelae in survivors of brain tumours in childhood.

As survival among children treated for cancer continues to improve, more attention is being focussed on the late effects of cancer treatment. In children treated for brain tumours, chronic neurocognitive effects are especially challenging. Deficits in cognitive development have been described most thoroughly among children treated for posterior-fossa tumours, specifically medulloblastomas and ependymomas, which account for about 30% of all newly diagnosed cases of brain tumours in children. Most children who have survived brain tumours have required surgical resection and focal or craniospinal radiotherapy (irradiation of the entire subarachnoid volume of the brain and spine), with or without systemic chemotherapy. Historically, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores have provided a benchmark against which to measure changes in cognitive development after treatment. Observed declines in IQ are most likely a result of failure to learn at a rate that is appropriate for the age of the child, rather than from a loss of previously acquired knowledge. The rate of IQ decline is associated with a several risk factors, including younger age at time of treatment, longer time since treatment, female sex, as well as clinical variables such as hydrocephalus, use of radiotherapy and radiotherapy dose, and the volume of the brain that received treatment. Loss of cerebral white matter and failure to develop white matter at a rate appropriate to the developmental stage of the child could partly account for changes in IQ score. Technical advances in radiotherapy hold promise for lowering the frequency of neurocognitive sequelae. Further efforts to limit neurocognitive sequelae have included design of clinical trials to test the effectiveness of cognitive, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Intelligent physiologic modeling: an application of knowledge based systems technology to medical education.

This article describes the design and implementation of a knowledge-based physiologic modeling system (KPBMS) and a preliminary evaluation of its use as a learning resource within the context of an experimental medical curriculum--the Harvard New Pathway. KBPMS possesses combined numeric and qualitative simulation capabilities and can provide explanations of its knowledge and behavior. It has been implemented on a microcomputer with a user interface incorporating interactive graphics. The preliminary evaluation of KBPMS is based on anecdotal data which suggests that the system might have pedagogic potential. Much work remains to be done in enhancing and further evaluating KBPMS.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigating reading disabilities using the rauding diagnostic system.

Should a measure of intelligence be replaced by a measure of listening in discrepancy definitions of reading disability? This question was answered using a newly developed diagnostic system, which is based on "rauding" theory and a causal model of reading achievement. In Study 1, diagnostic results were analyzed from 122 students in Grades 3 through 7 who took, via computer, a battery of tests called the computer Assisted Reading Diagnosis (CARD). In Study 2, 44 university students were given the CARD. In Study 3, the CARD was administered to 128 students in reading improvement classes at a suburban community college. From the results, it was concluded that the rauding diagnostic system consistently diagnoses disabilities in listening, decoding, and naming speed when they are theoretically needed to explain accuracy and rate disabilities of children and adults who are poor readers. It was recommended that (a) general intelligence, fluid intelligence, or IQ not be used to measure potential or to diagnose reading disabilities; (b) listening not be used to measure potential; (c) verbal knowledge aptitude, pronunciation aptitude, and cognitive speed aptitude be used to measure potential; and (d) the new rauding diagnostic system replace the system of diagnosing dyslexics, hyperlexics, and garden-variety poor readers.

Adolescent↗