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The previously reported earlier onset of pituitary tumours in cross-bred mice inheriting a mutant Rb-1 allele paternally has been ascribed to imprinting of an Rb-1-linked gene. Here, we demonstrate that, as predicted from this mechanism, there is no effect of the parent of origin of the mutation in inbred mice.
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Fluctuating asymmetry, small non-directional departures from perfect symmetry in bilateral traits, results from the inability of individuals to buffer development against genetic and environmental perturbations. Fluctuating asymmetry is a widely used measure of developmental stability, and developmental stability has been hypothesised to be inversely related to heterozygosity. We compared male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) that had been inbred for one generation to outbred control males with respect to the asymmetry of a set of bilateral morphometric traits. Inbred fish developed significantly more asymmetric pectoral fins than their outbred counterparts, whereas neither the magnitude of asymmetry for pelvic spines nor for gill covers significantly responded to the treatment. Our results conform to a pattern of heterogeneity amongst traits in their tendency to develop asymmetrically in response to stress.
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A population resulting from the diallel cross of a set of elite inbred lines was selected under two strategies: (i) inbred strategy (IS) under brother-sister mating; and (ii) random strategy (RIS) under random mating. The final lines in both cases were completely inbred. RIS populations clearly responded better than IS populations. Although most of the RIS advantage was achieved in the second generation, the average response under the RIS strategy increased with respect to that of the IS strategy from the beginning to the end of the experiment. In general terms and on theoretical grounds this RIS advantage is expected only if the initial disequilibrium is negative. One of the final inbred lines performed significantly better than the sum of the two inbred ancestors, strongly suggesting a heterotic epistatic combination fixed in homozygosity. Strong negative disequilibrium and partial epistatic control of quantitative characters are to be expected in breeding programmes of self-pollinating crops. In all likelihood, recurrent selection under forced random mating in such crops would result in better responses.
The pattern of colonization of a forest site by the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum Romagnesi was followed from 1993 until 1997. Fruit-bodies of this tetrapolar heterothallic species were mapped, collected and propagated as pure mycelial cultures. Isolates were analysed for their mating-types and molecular markers (rDNA polymorphism and RAPD). Dedikaryotization of the 26 isolates collected in 1993 and the separate analysis of each individual haploid nucleus established that two fully compatible genets, which occupied two nonoverlapping territories, were present. Isolates belonging to the same genet could nevertheless be distinguished from each other based on Southern hybridization using hyperpolymorphic DNA probes. A majority of the 143 isolates collected from 1994 to 1997 belonged to either of the two genets identified in 1993, whose territories extended at a rate of about 0. 45-0.60 m per year. Selfing of the two 1993 genets, rather than outcrossing, was the most likely explanation for the origin of additional genotypes identified between 1995 and 1997. The spatial distribution of fruit-bodies and genets of H. cylindrosporum suggested that only a fraction of the sampled area was favourable to colonization and that genetic diversification through meiospore dispersal may be inhibited by the presence of resident genets, possibly via a somatic incompatibility system.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.