Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Histrionic Personality Disorder”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

An examination of three sets of MMPI-2 personality disorder scales.

Three sets of personality disorder scales (PD scales) can be scored for the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989). Two sets (Levitt & Gotts, 1995; Morey, Waugh, & Blashfield, 1985) are derived from the MMPI (Hathaway & McKinley, 1983), and a third set (Somwaru & Ben-Porath, 1995) is based on the MMPI-2. There is no validity research for the Levitt and Gotts scale, and limited validity research is available for the Somwaru and Ben-Porath scales. There is a large body of research suggesting that the Morey et al. scales have good to excellent convergent validity when compared to a variety of other measures of personality disorders. Since the Morey et al. scales have established validity, there is a question if additional sets of PD scales are needed. The primary purpose of this research was to determine if the PD scales developed by Levitt and Gotts and those developed by Somwaru and Ben-Porath contribute incrementally to the scales developed by Morey et al. in predicting corresponding scales on the MCMI-II (Millon, 1987). In a sample of 494 individuals evaluated at an Army medical center, a hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that the Somwaru and Ben-Porath Borderline, Antisocial, and Schizoid PD scales and the Levitt and Gotts Narcissistic and Histrionic scales contributed significantly and meaningfully to the Morey et al. scales in predicting the corresponding MCMI-II (Millon, 1987) scale. However, only the Somwaru and Ben-Porath scales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and convergent validity.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Gender bias in the diagnosis of personality disorders: the roles of base rates and social stereotypes.

In all three studies described in this article, novices were trained to associate traits from the DSM-IV Cluster B personality disorder categories with four letters of the alphabet. Novices were also taught various gender associations (i.e., "base rate" information) with the categories (none, stereotype-consistent, or stereotype-inconsistent). Results showed that when no gender associations were taught (Study I), case gender did not affect ratings of case vignettes. When associations were consistent with social stereotypes (Study II), case gender influenced ratings in the expected direction. When associations were the opposite of social stereotypes (Study III), only the ratings for narcissistic and histrionic were affected. Across the three studies, these results suggested that subjects rated cases in accordance with known "base rates," but that the correspondence between base rates and stereotypic associations affected the consistency and magnitude of this base rate effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Personality disorders in relation to anthropometric, endocrine and metabolic factors.

Subjects with abdominal obesity show several signs of a perturbed regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This is known to occur after chronic, submissive stress. Perceived environmental stress is depending on personality characteristics. Therefore, personality disorders (PD:s) were examined in relation to HPA axis status, other endocrine and metabolic variables as well as anthropometry. Men (no.=284) aged 51 years, recruited in similar subgroups of low, median and high waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR) from a sample of 1302 men. Measurements of personality disorders by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Axis II (SCID II), body mass index (BMI, weight, kg/height2, m2), WHR and abdominal sagittal diameter (D), dexamethasone suppression test (0.5 mg, salivary measurements of cortisol), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), testosterone and metabolic variables. Men with cluster A (paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid) PD showed an increased BMI, WHR and D, independent of dexamethasone suppression. Testosterone was decreased in these men in relation to a blunted dexamethasone suppression. BMI, WHR and D were increased in men with cluster B (borderline, histrionic, narcissistic) and cluster C (avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive, passive aggressive) PD, only in relation to a blunted dexamethasone suppression. Furthermore, IGF-I was low in cluster B. Metabolic variables were differently associated to clusters of PD but generally followed obesity. Path-analytic models suggested that cluster B and C PD were followed by blunted dexamethasone suppression and obesity. Men with cluster A PD showed centralized body fat distribution, independently of dexamethasone suppression. In contrast, men with impulsive (cluster B) and anxious (cluster C) personality disorders seem often to have abdominal obesity only in combination with a blunted dexamethasone suppression test, suggesting a HPA axis disturbance. These results suggest that PD:s are involved in the development of abdominal obesity in men, with different endocrine and metabolic profiles depending on the type of PD. This might hypothetically be due to frequent exposure and/or an increased sensitivity to environmental stress factors, caused by aberrant personalities.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2004

Convergent and discriminative validity of interview and questionnaire measures of personality disorder in mentally disordered offenders: a multitrait-multimethod analysis using confirmatory factor analysis.

Measures of personality disorder from the International Personality Disorder Examination, Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire, and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II) were obtained from detained male mentally disordered offenders (N = 156), and convergent and discriminant validity were examined by confirmatory factor analysis of the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Hierarchical comparisons of models varying in their specification of trait and method variance established the appropriateness of a model supporting both convergence and discrimination across methods, but these were variable across constructs and measures. Convergence was good for avoidant, schizoid, and antisocial disorders, but poor for histrionic, narcissistic, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Avoidant, schizoid, and schizotypal disorders were not clearly distinguishable from each other. Measurement error attributable to method variance was substantial for all instruments and for most disorders. The commonly alleged superiority of interview over questionnaire methods was not supported, and the MCMI-II demonstrated proportionately more "true" variance. However, assessment methods may be differentially sensitive to different kinds of personality disorder problems.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Impulsivity and negative emotionality associated with substance use problems and Cluster B personality in college students.

The co-occurrence of personality disorders (PDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) can be partially attributed to shared underlying personality traits. This study examined the role of negative emotionality (NEM) and impulsivity in 617 university students with self-reported substance use problems and Cluster B PD symptoms. Results indicated that NEM was significantly associated with drug and alcohol use problems, antisocial PD, borderline PD, and narcissistic PD. Impulsivity was significantly associated with drug use problems, antisocial PD, and histrionic PD. Only NEM mediated the relationship between alcohol use problems and symptoms of each of the Cluster B PDs while impulsivity mediated only the relationship between drug use problems and histrionic PD. These results suggest that NEM may be more relevant than impulsivity to our understanding of the co-occurrence between substance use problems and Cluster B PD features.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DSM-III-R personality disorders in seasonal affective disorder: change associated with depression.

Forty-five patients with winter Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R) in a depressed state before starting therapy (light or medication), and again 14 weeks later when the scores on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) had been reduced by an average of 74%. Prevalence and pattern of personality disorders (PDs) before treatment were similar to that found in patients with nonseasonal major depressive disorder (MDD) during a depressive episode. Number of categorical diagnoses were lower at follow-up for most PDs, but differences were not statistically significant. However, for dimensional scores (number of positive DSM-III-R criteria) significant changes were found for schizotypal, histrionic, narcissistic, and obsessive-compulsive PD, and for total dimensional score in cluster B and total score for all PDs. These changes differ from findings in similar studies of outpatients with nonseasonal MDD. Whether this indicates a specific pattern of change for patients with SAD is discussed. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between changes in positive PD criteria between the depressed and nondepressed state and change in depression score. No significant relationship was found between changes in PD criteria and Global Seasonality Score (GSS), a measure reflecting the sum of ratings of seasonal variation in sleep length, social activity, mood, weight, appetite, and energy level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Empirical determination of thresholds for case identification: validation of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised.

The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R) was sent to first-degree relatives of major psychotic patients for identification of DSM-III-R personality disorders (PDs). Responses to the PDQ-R were interpreted both literally and empirically, and compared with the Structured Interview for DSM-III PDs (SIDP) as the standard. For literal interpretation, symptoms reported were counted directly for case identification using fixed DSM-III-R thresholds. The empirical approach adjusted the threshold for case identification to maximize concordance with the SIDP. Comparison of the two methods showed that using empirically determined thresholds in some scales gives better concordance with the SIDP. For the dependent and histrionic PD scales, the improvements were statistically significant. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was computed for each PDQ-R scale to summarize its discriminatory capability across all thresholds. Areas under the ROC curve indicated that the schizoid, schizotypal, borderline, dependent, passive-aggressive, and histrionic PD scales in the PDQ-R have better discriminatory qualities than other PDQ-R scales.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Personality disorder traits evident by early adulthood and risk for eating and weight problems during middle adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: The current article investigates the association of personality disorder (PD) with the subsequent development of eating and weight problems. METHOD: Psychiatric interviews were administered to a community-based sample of 658 individuals at mean ages 14, 16, 22, and 33 years. RESULTS: Individuals with PD by age 22 were at an elevated risk for eating disorders at mean age 33 years. PDs were associated with risk for onset of binge eating, purging, daily dietary restriction, and obesity among individuals without a history of these problems. Borderline and histrionic PD symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and purging at mean age 33 years. Antisocial and schizotypal symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and obesity at mean age 33 years. Depressive PD symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and dietary restriction at mean age 33 years. CONCLUSION: PD symptoms, evident by early adulthood, may be associated with the risk for the development of eating and weight problems by middle adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Personality disorders evident by early adulthood and risk for anxiety disorders during middle adulthood.

Data from the Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation, were used to investigate the association of personality disorder (PD) traits, evident by early adulthood, with risk for development of anxiety disorders by middle adulthood. Individuals without a history of anxiety disorders who met diagnostic criteria for >or=1 PD by early adulthood were at markedly elevated risk for agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic disorder by middle adulthood. Antisocial, avoidant, borderline, dependent, depressive, histrionic, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and schizotypal PD traits, evident by early adulthood, were associated with elevated risk for >or=1 anxiety disorder during middle adulthood. These associations remained significant after a history of anxiety disorder and co-occurring Axis I psychiatric disorder was controlled statistically. Findings of this study suggest that some types of PD traits that become evident by early adulthood may contribute to increased risk for the development of anxiety disorders by middle adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Personality disorders and treatment outcome in methadone maintenance patients.

This study examined the relationship between personality disorder (PDs) and 7-month treatment outcome in 197 men admitted to methadone maintenance. Subjects reported pervasive improvement, and the amount of improvement did not significantly differ for those subjects with and without PDs. PD subjects entered treatment with more severe self-reported drug, alcohol, psychiatric, and legal problems, and despite progress, remained more problematic in those areas relative to subjects without PDs. Subjects with antisocial PD had admission and 7-month problem status similar to subjects with other PDs. The 7-month urinalysis results for opiates and cocaine showed no significant differences between subjects with and without PDs. Fewer PD subjects stayed in treatment continuously for the 7-month period. Several cluster B PDs-borderline, antisocial, and histrionic-predicted poorest overall outcomes. Methadone-maintained patients with PDs may warrant additional treatment services if they are to approach the functional level of patients without PDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Clinician ratings of the five-factor model of personality and the DSM-IV personality disorders.

This study explored the associations among the domains of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and the DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs). Clinician ratings were obtained for both the DSM-IV PDs and the FFM on a sample of 100 PD patients. The correlational data showed that the DSM PDs were most strongly associated with the FFM domains of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness. Factor analysis revealed four underlying factors that provided insights into qualities shared by subgroups of the DSM-IV PDs. The domain of neuroticism was associated with the borderline, avoidant, and dependent PDs (factor 1). The paranoid, avoidant, schizoid, and schizotypal PDs were negatively associated with the domain of agreeableness (factor 2). The domain of extraversion was positively associated with the narcissistic and histrionic PDs and negatively with schizoid PD (factor 3). The FFM conscientiousness and openness domains loaded onto a single factor and were positively associated with the obsessive-compulsive PD and negatively associated with the antisocial and borderline PDs. Exploring the relationships between these two personality systems will improve our conceptualization and understanding of the DSM PDs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Childhood depression and adult personality disorder: alternative pathways of continuity.

BACKGROUND: This study extends previous findings of the risks posed by childhood major depressive disorder and other psychopathological features for later personality disorder (PD) in a random sample of 551 youths. METHODS: Self-reports and mother reports were used to evaluate DSM-III-R (Axes I and II) psychiatric disorders at mean ages of 12.7, 15.2, and 21.1 years. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent effects of major depressive disorder in childhood or adolescence on 10 PDs in young adulthood. RESULTS: Odds of dependent, antisocial, passive-aggressive, and histrionic PDs increased by more than 13, 10, 7, and 3 times, respectively, given prior major depressive disorder. Those effects were independent of age, sex, disadvantaged socioeconomic status, a history of child maltreatment, nonintact family status, parental conflict, preexisting PD in adolescence, and other childhood or adolescent Axis I psychopathological features, including disruptive and anxiety disorders. In addition, odds of schizoid and narcissistic PD increased by almost 6 times and odds of antisocial PD increased by almost 5 times given a prior disruptive disorder, and odds of paranoid PD increased by 4 times given a prior anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Personality disorders may represent alternative pathways of continuity for major depressive disorder and other Axis I disorders across the child-adult transition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Impulsivity, aggressiveness, and DSM-IV personality disorders.

The aim of this study is to assess whether impulsive and aggressive traits can be placed on a continuum with DSM-IV Cluster B Personality Disorders (PDs) and to determine if different aspects of these personality traits are specifically associated with individual Cluster B PDs. The study group comprised 461 outpatients admitted consecutively to a clinic that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of PDs. Principal component analyses clearly suggested a five-factor structure of both normal and psychopathological personality traits. Importantly, measures of impulsivity, aggressiveness and novelty seeking formed a part of the principal component that clustered all Cluster B PDs. Regression analyses indicated that impulsive traits were selectively associated with Borderline PD whereas different aspects of aggressiveness were useful in discriminating Narcissistic PD from Antisocial PD. Sensation seeking traits formed a part of Histrionic PD. These results indicate that impulsive/aggressive traits may be useful in explaining both why Cluster B PDs tend to covary, and why they frequently differ in clinical pictures and courses.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

One-year follow-up of patients with cluster C personality disorders: a prospective study comparing patients with "pure" and comorbid conditions within cluster C, and "pure" C with "pure" cluster A or B conditions.

This one-year, post-treatment prospective study of consecutively admitted patients to a national psychiatric in-patient clinic, compares patients belonging to four subgroups of DSM-III-R personality disorder (PDs): "pure cluster A (N = 21), "pure" B (N = 67), "pure" C (N = 251), and Axis II "comorbid" C (N = 138). Outcome was measured by SCl-90 and occupational status. Axis I disorders were controlled for in all analyses. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients in pure cluster C had no better outcome than either Axis II comorbid cluster C patients or patients with pure cluster A or B. Although pure C patients relapsed in symptom distress after discharge, comorbid C patients did not. C patients with an additional Histrionic PD were less at risk to be a case at follow up (GSI level > 1.00). Cluster C disorders as a whole had negative impact upon outcome in the total sample. These findings suggest the need for better treatment of patients with cluster C conditions.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed1996

Childhood adversity, attachment and personality styles as predictors of anxiety among elderly caregivers.

The purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which childhood adversity, attachment and personality styles influenced the likelihood of having an anxiety disorder among aged caregivers for terminally ill spouses. We also sought to determine how childhood adversity and attachment/personality styles jointly influenced the likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder among aged caregivers. Data were derived from semistructured interviews with 50 spouses (aged 60 and above) of terminally ill patients. The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) record provided retrospective, behaviorally based information on childhood adversity. Measures of attachment and personality styles were obtained from self-report questionnaires, and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-III-R (SCID) was used to determine diagnoses for anxiety disorders. Logistic regression models estimated the effects of childhood adversity, attachment/personality disturbances, and the interaction between the two on the likelihood of having an anxiety disorder. Results indicated that childhood adversity and paranoid, histrionic and self-defeating styles all directly increase the odds of having an anxiety disorder as an elderly spousal caregiver. In addition, childhood adversity in conjunction with borderline, antisocial and excessively dependent styles increased the likelihood of having an anxiety disorder. The results indicate the need to investigate further the interaction between childhood experiences and current attachment/personality styles in their effects on the development of anxiety disorders.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of dissociative symptoms among women with eating disorders.

We examined the relationship between dissociative symptoms and other Axis I and Axis II symptoms among a sample of 53 women diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa (n = 18), bulimia nervosa (n = 27), or eating disorder NOS (n = 8). Dissociative symptoms were measured by the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the dissociation scale from the Trauma Symptom Checklist 40. Severity of dissociative symptoms was generally unrelated to severity of bulimic or anorexic symptomatology but was significantly associated with severity of anxiety and depression. In terms of Axis II symptoms, dissociative symptoms were most highly correlated with schizotypal symptomatology (r = .59), uncorrelated with borderline or antisocial symptomatology, and slightly negatively correlated with histrionic symptomatology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Clinical characteristics and biological parameters in temperamental clusters of suicide attempters.

A sample of 215 suicide attempters was categorized in a cluster analysis into four groups according to temperamental trails. Monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid were analysed (n = 106). Dexamethasone suppression tests (DST) were performed (n = 154) and the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase in platelets (pl-MAO) was assessed (n = 103). Patients belonging to the two clusters with the most deviant temperament profiles (nos 2 and 3) were young and scored high on the Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Suicide Assessment Scale. "Cluster 3" ("neurotic, impulsive, aggressive") patients often had dysthymia and axis II, cluster B diagnoses (e.g. borderline or histrionic personality). "Cluster 2" ("neurotic and introverted") patients often had major depression. The "Cluster 1", with on the whole a normal temperament profile, had significantly higher levels of post-DST cortisol than the other clusters. The "Cluster 4" had a normal temperament profile. Adjustment disorders were most common in "Cluster 1" and "Cluster 4". The monoamine metabolite levels did not differ between the clusters, and the differences in pl-MAO activity disappeared after adjusting for age and gender. The results suggest that temperament profiles in suicide attempters are related to psychiatric diagnoses, suicidality, hopelessness, and post-DST cortisol, but are not predictive of completed suicide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Panic disorder and hypochondriacal fears and beliefs.

The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of hypochondriacal fears and beliefs in patients with panic disorder (PD) (n = 54). They were evaluated using the structured diagnostic interviews for axis I and axis II disorders (SCID-UP-R and SCID-II). They were administered the Illness Attitudes Scales (IAS) as a measure of hypochondriacal fears and beliefs, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 90 (HSCL), and the Fear Questionnaire (FQ). One half of the patients rated themselves as having substantial hypochondriacal fears and beliefs. The sample was divided into groups of patients seeking predominantly treatment or relief from symptoms (treatment-oriented), and those who were searching for a cause of their illness (explanation-seeking): the latter had significantly more hypochondriacal concerns. Avoidant, histrionic, and borderline personalities were more common in the hypochondriacal group. The results of several analyses suggest that patients with PD who are also agoraphobic, fear physical disease more and have more false beliefs of having a disease than PD patients without agoraphobia.

Adolescent↗