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PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of perinatal picrotoxin and sexual experience on heterosexual and homosexual behavior in male rats.

The effects of perinatal picrotoxin (0.75 mg/kg) on heterosexual and homosexual behavior of male rats, sexually experienced or not, were studied. The following data were obtained: (1) at birth, body weight and anogenital distance were not modified by the treatment; (2) during lactation, both treatment and sex interfered with body weight as well as in adult age; (3) as experimental animals were trained, the heterosexual behavior was improved; (4) picrotoxin treatment reduced lordotic response of homosexual behavior in inexperienced male rats and (5) the heterosexual experience with female rats inhibited homosexual behavior of both experimental and control animals. These results suggest that perinatal maternal picrotoxin exposure improved heterosexual behavior in male rats and the sexual experience reveals this effect. In addition, picrotoxin did not induce feminization in experimental inexperienced rats. Finally, the sexual experience per se promotes changes in brain regions related to male behavioral and sexual aspects.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Five case reports of high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-1 negative homosexual men.

High grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for only 5%-10% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus increases the risk of developing high grade, usually B-cell, lymphoma, which has been noted to occur more commonly in homosexual men. These lymphomas often have unusual clinical presentations. We report five cases of high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV negative homosexual men who presented to our hospital in a 13-month period. As a major centre for the treatment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, there may be a self-selected homosexual population attending for medical care, and thus a bias in the relative incidence of lymphoma seen in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Significance of androgen levels in the aetiology and treatment of homosexuality.

Serum total androgens were estimated by radioimmunoassay on blood samples of treatment-seeking homosexuals and heterosexual controls. There was no significant difference in androgen levels between the homosexual and control group, nor was there any relationship between androgen levels and response to treatment. These results suggest that androgen levels have no aetiological significance in treatment-seeking homosexuals and have no relevance as indicators of treatment outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Are homosexual males a risk group for hepatitis A infection in intermediate endemicity areas?

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) in a population of homosexual men compared with that of heterosexual men in an area of intermediate HAV endemicity (Madrid, Spain). A total of 148 patients were recruited in a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic: 74 homosexuals (mean age of 28 +/- 5 years) and 74 heterosexuals (29 +/- 5 years). The prevalence of anti-HAV antibody was 47% and 43% for homo- and heterosexuals, respectively. Among the factors evaluated (age, sexual orientation and practices, travel to high HAV endemicity areas) oral-anal contact was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of anti-HAV antibody (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.4; P = 0.03). These results indicated that in an area of intermediate endemicity young homosexual men are not at increased risk of having acquired hepatitis A infection than heterosexuals. Oral-anal contact is an independent risk factor that influences the presence of anti-HAV antibody, regardless of sexual orientation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Sexual orientation of female-to-male transsexuals: a comparison of homosexual and nonhomosexual types.

Homosexual and nonhomosexual (relative to genetic sex) female-to-male transsexuals (FTMs) were compared on a number of theoretically or empirically derived variables. Compared to nonhomosexual FTMs, homosexual FTMs reported greater childhood gender nonconformity, preferred more feminine partners, experienced greater sexual rather than emotional jealousy, were more sexually assertive, had more sexual partners, had a greater desire for phalloplasty, and had more interest in visual sexual stimuli. Homosexual and nonhomosexual FTMs did not differ in their overall desire for masculinizing body modifications, adult gender identity, or importance of partner social status, attractiveness, or youth. These findings indicate that FTMs are not a homogeneous group and vary in ways that may be useful in understanding the relation between sexual orientation and gender identity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reaching homosexual men for HIV surveillance through a gay magazine.

HIV surveillance in homosexual men is poor in most countries, as this risk group is difficult to sample. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of reaching homosexual men for national HIV surveillance using gay community media. In 1989, a questionnaire on general gay issues, with a section on AIDS, was included in a widely sold gay magazine in the Netherlands. Among 17,700 sold copies, 1134 responses were obtained from males (6%). Of these, 669 men (59%) gave their address, of which in turn 84% responded to a questionnaire on risk behaviour in 1990. In 1991/1992, the 669 men were asked to participate in an HIV serosurvey, in which eventually 308 participated with a blood test (46%) and 147 without (total 68%). Participation in the serosurvey with blood test was associated with reporting multiple partners in 1989. Twenty participants were infected (6.5%). In logistic regression analysis, risk factors for infection were recent unprotected receptive anal intercourse with multiple partners (odds ratio (OR): 10.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): (2.18-52.2); one partner 1.17 (0.31-4.48); none 1) and living in Amsterdam (OR: 3.92; 95% CI: (0.99-15.5); urbanised western Netherlands 2.15 (0.57-8.03); elsewhere 1), while a high educational level was protective (OR: 0.29 (0.08-0.96); middle 0.41 (0.11-1.54); low 1). Among those who participated in 1991/1992, risk behaviour increased between 1989 and 1991/1992 (reporting multiple casual partners rose from 55% to 64%; reporting inconsistent condom use with receptive anal sex from 58% to 71%). Using a predictive model which included self-reported serostatus in 1989, the HIV prevalence rate in 1991/1992 among all male responders to the 1989 questionnaire was estimated to be 5.3% (95% CI: 3.1 7.7%). In conclusion, unless initial response is improved, recruitment through a gay magazine may not allow reliable estimates of HIV prevalence in homosexual men. However, it can be useful at the national level for monitoring changes in prevalence and risk behaviour over time, geographical differences and risk factors for infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual and heterosexual non-white men.

Researchers interested in the development of sexual orientation have investigated predominantly or exclusively White samples. To address this imbalance, the relations between sexual orientation and two biodemographic variables, birth order and sibling sex ratio, were examined in a sample of non-White men. The men (N = 823) were interviewed by investigators at the Kinsey Institute for Sex and Reproduction from 1938 to 1963. A significantly later birth order was observed for non-White homosexual men relative to non-White heterosexual men. Non-White homosexual men also had an elevated sibling sex ratio. Results add to the generalizability of the birth order and sibling sex ratio effects previously observed to occur in (White) homosexual men.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Emerging homosexual conduct during hospitalization among chronic schizophrenia patients.

OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the emerging homosexual conduct during hospitalization among chronic schizophrenia patients. METHOD: We interviewed 55 male and 58 female chronic schizophrenic patients to investigate their sexual history before and after admission. Those patients were under 45 years old, without significant deteriorated cognitive function, lived in a homogeneous gender chronic ward and did not demonstrate homosexual behaviour before admission. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (16.8%) reported having homosexual conducts during hospitalization. Their characteristics were: 1) having sexual experience before admission; 2) with younger age at first sexual experience; and 3) female patients having more sexual partners before admission. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of patients need a sexual outlet during long-term hospitalization. Sexual education and counselling are greatly needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Developmental instability is associated with neurocognitive performance in heterosexual and homosexual men, but not in women.

Little is known about the neurodevelopmental nature of human cognitive abilities. This investigation presents evidence consistent with a hypothesis that interindividual and within-sex cognitive variations are associated with vulnerabilities to environmental sources of developmental stress. A large sample of healthy heterosexual and homosexual men and women (N=240) completed a series of visuospatial and verbal tests. A composite fluctuating asymmetry (FA) measure was computed from the lengths of the finger digits. In heterosexual men, higher FA scores were associated with poorer line orientation judgment; and in homosexual men, with poorer verbal fluency and perceptual speed. No associations were found in heterosexual or homosexual women. These results suggest that developmental instability is linked to neurocognitive integrity in men, but not in women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Contemporary psychoanalysis and homosexuality.

In this paper, I contrast older, traditional, psychoanalytic ideas about homosexuality, with those put forth at a panel on homosexuality at the American Psychoanalytic Association in 1983 (and subsequently). I focus particularly on relationships between cross-gender behavior during childhood and adulthood homosexuality; sexual orientation and personality functioning; determinants and intrapsychic consequences of homophobia, countertransference issues in working psychoanalytically with gay and bisexual patients; the sexual orientation of the analyst (i.e. should gay patients be treated only by gay analysts?). Changing psychoanalytic ideas about sexual orientation reflect the increasingly widespread recognition by psychoanalysts of the necessity to integrate psychoanalytic theory with advances in neurobiology, particularly neuroendocrinology.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Target platelet antigen in homosexual men with immune thrombocytopenia.

A syndrome of isolated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has recently been described in homosexual men. We have identified an antiplatelet antibody in the serum of 29 of 30 homosexual men with isolated ITP. The antibody binds to a platelet membrane antigen of 25,000 daltons, and binding is effected by the F(ab)2 portion of the immunoglobulin. Similar antibody activity was not detected in serum from 30 nonhomosexual patients with either ITP or nonimmune thrombocytopenia. The 25,000-dalton antigen was not found on other hematopoietic cells, and it was distinct from the core protein of the AIDS-associated retrovirus. In contrast, serum antibody reacted with a 25,000-dalton antigen associated with cultured herpes simplex virus Types I and II. In these experiments the antigen appeared to be derived from green-monkey kidney cells in which the herpes simplex viruses were grown. Identical antigenic activity was also demonstrated in uninfected human skin fibroblasts. We conclude that ITP in homosexual men is accompanied by a serum antibody directed against a platelet antigen of 25,000 daltons. The nature of the antigen and the relation of the serum antibody to ITP require further study.

Antigens↗
PubMed1986

Entamoeba histolytica as a commensal intestinal parasite in homosexual men.

Entamoeba histolytica is considered to be an uncommon, imported organism in the United Kingdom and in many parts of North America, but recent attention has been drawn to the possibility of sexual transmission of this parasite among homosexual men. To determine the prevalence and clinical importance of enteric parasitic infections in men attending a clinic in London for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, we studied 354 randomly selected patients who provided a single stool sample that was examined for E. histolytica and other intestinal parasites. Forty-five of the 225 homosexual patients (20 percent) were infected with E. histolytica, but no such infections were found among the 129 heterosexual subjects (P less than 0.0001). With the use of isoenzyme electrophoresis, 34 of the 45 E. histolytica isolates were classified according to zymodeme. All were Zymodeme I or III, which are considered to be nonpathogenic. There was no correlation between the presence of E. histolytica and gastrointestinal symptoms. These findings suggest that E. histolytica is a common commensal in the homosexual population and that, in the absence of evidence of invasive disease, treatment of persons passing cysts of the organism may have little practical benefit.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Hepatitis A and B infection and vaccination in a cohort of homosexual men in Sydney.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis A (HAV) and B (HBV) infection and vaccination in HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, and associated risk factors. METHODS: An open prospective cohort study was conducted among a community-based sample of HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney in 2001-02. Participants underwent a face-to-face interview, regarding demographics, sexual behavioural risk factors and sexually transmitted infections, and blood samples were collected. They were followed annually. RESULTS: Nine hundred and three men completed a baseline interview by the end of 2002. Among them, 68% were seropositive to hepatitis A. The seroprevalence of prior hepatitis B infection was 19%, and 53% had serological evidence of HBV vaccination. Younger men were much more likely to be seronegative, with 48% and 46% of <25-year-olds being seronegative to HAV and HBV respectively. In multivariate analysis HAV and HBV infection were associated with increasing age, greater number of lifetime sex partners and HBV infection was also associated with previous sexually transmitted infections. HAV vaccination was associated with increasing age, greater number of lifetime sex partners, overseas travel in the last year and self-reported anogenital warts. HBV vaccination was associated with higher occupational status, greater lifetime number of sex partners and previous sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSION: Substantial proportions of gay community-attached young homosexual men are still at risk of HAV and HBV infection. This study points to a need for vaccination strategies which ensure high levels of hepatitis A and B immunity in young sexually active gay men.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sexual behaviour and human herpesvirus 8 infection in homosexual men in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a common sexually transmitted agent among homosexual men, but there are few Australian data. We aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors for seropositivity to HHV-8 in Australian homosexual men. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 179 homosexual men in Sydney Australia in 1992-1998. Detailed data on sexual behaviour was collected annually, and HHV-8 status was determined at the end of the study by an algorithm based on results of an immunofluorescence assay and an enzyme-linked immunoassay to the K8.1 protein of HHV-8. HHV-8 DNA was detected in buffy coats using a nested qualitative PCR. RESULTS: Data on sexual behaviour in at least three interviews and HHV-8 status were available in 174 (97%) of 179 men who agreed to participate. Of these, 31 (18%) were HHV-8 seropositive, and HHV-8 DNA was detected in 5 (16%) of these. The prevalence of HHV-8 infection was much higher in HIV positive (52%) than HIV negative (11%) men (OR 8.60, 95% CI 3.55-20.86). HHV-8 infection was related to more frequent reporting of unprotected receptive anal sex (OR for most frequent versus least frequent category 3.03, 95% CI 1.01-9.03, P trend 0.02), insertive oro-anal sex (OR for most frequent v. least frequent category 3.02, 95% CI 1.15-7.93, P trend 0.02) and receptive oro-anal sex (OR for most frequent v. least frequent category 3.09, 95% CI 1.11-8.60, P trend 0.05) with casual partners. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with sexual transmission of HHV-8, but the precise mode of HHV-8 transmission remains unclear. Studies to elucidate the precise mode of sexual transmission of HHV-8 need to focus on potential salivary transmission, and should collect data on the HHV-8 infection and excretion status of the sexual partner.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Children's schemata of man and woman: a comparison with the schemata of heterosexual and homosexual populations.

The present study was designed to examine the man-woman schemata employed by children and compare them with those used by different sexually mature populations. A central hypothesis of the investigation was that the frequency with which children use various male-female schemata more closely resembles the frequency with which homosexuals use these schemata than either group resembles the pattern pervasive in mature heterosexual populations. The Ss were 70 white boys and 70 white girls in the fourth grade of large urban public schools. The task was the free placement of figures cut from felt on a flannel board. One group of figures contained a man, a woman, and two rectangles, while the other group consisted of two man figures and two woman figures. The schemata employed by the children in their figure arrangements were significantly different from those of adult heterosexuals and resembled those of adult homosexuals. The discussion includes the consideration of a "bracketing schema" that is employed far more often by adult heterosexuals than it is by children or homosexuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Australian attitudes towards homosexuality: a comparison with college students.

The Heterosexual Attitudes Towards Homosexuality scale, previously undertaken by college students in an Australian provincial city, Toowoomba, was administered to 689 members of the general public in the same city. As in the college student sample, two factors were identified, Acceptance and Normality. Sex, age, church attendance, and education variables were found to be significant on the Acceptance factor only; the female, younger, more educated, and less frequent church attenders held more accepting attitudes. For all categories of analysis, prevailing attitudes on Acceptance were less conservative, while attitudes towards Normality of homosexuality remained uniformly restrictive. When compared with college students, the results revealed far more conservative attitudes. Attitudes towards homosexuality, therefore, involve multidimensional concepts; the effects of personal characteristics on these dimensions and with different populations should be discussed separately.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Personality profiles of homosexual men and women.

There has been surprisingly little research on possible differences between homosexual and heterosexual personalities, although the few studies that have been conducted suggest some interesting differences. We devised two hypothesis that may account for these differences. First, differences appear to reflect generalized social nonconformity and alienation due to the social stigmatization of the homosexual. Second, these differences seem to express a more specific tendency to deviation from socially normative sex roles. The two hypotheses imply a number of predictions concerning specific personality traits, which were tested by comparing the 16PF (Cattell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1970) personality profiles of a group of male (N = 34) and female (N = 31) homosexuals with those obtained from the two large student samples (male, N = 899 and female, N = 912) whose scores are commonly used as norms for the South African version of the 16PF. The findings suggested reasonably good support for the two hypotheses, particularly considering the limitations of the study with respect to the adequacy of the comparison groups used and the relative heterogeneity of the 16PF scale content.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Prison homosexuality and its effect on post-prison sexual behavior.

Although there has grown up to a considerable literature on sex experiences in prison, little has been written on the post-prison behavioral patterns of those who, voluntarily or involuntarily, become initiated into homosexuality while incarcerated. In the light of the considerable number of prisoners and ex-prisoners in the original Kinsey sample, it is possible that the Institute for Sex Research might have in its files material that would shed light on this problem. To date, nothing has been forthcoming. In one of the few references to the subject, Kirkham (1972, p. 42) suggests that sexual experiences in prison may have permanent effects on the lives of some of the participants: "Can such men return to conventional heterosexual lives after release, or has the experience of being forced into acts of passive homosexuality been so traumatic as to preclude the resumption of sexual relations with members of the opposite sex?" In a search for an answer to his question, the present paper studies ex-prisoners whose initiation into homosexuality occurred during prison.

Age Factors↗