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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Clinical efficacy of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh and a commercially available breath-freshening dentifrice in reducing mouth-odor-causing bacteria.

The objective of this double-blind clinical study was to compare the long-lasting overnight (10- to 12-hour) and 4-hour effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh toothpaste to a commercial fluoridated breath-freshening dentifrice in controlling the level of mouth-odor-causing bacteria. Thirty-two adult men and women from New Jersey participated in the randomized, crossover design clinical study. After a 1-week "washout" period of brushing with a regular fluoride dentifrice, subjects refrained from dental hygiene, eating, and drinking in preparation for the morning visit. After providing a baseline salivary sample, subjects were issued a soft-bristled toothbrush and instructed to brush their teeth twice a day (once in the morning and once before bed) for 1 minute with the assigned test dentifrice. After a 7-day product use cycle, the subjects returned to the test site, having refrained from dental hygiene, eating, and drinking. Subjects provided an overnight salivary sample (10 to 12 hours postbrushing). Subjects then ate, brushed for 1 minute with the assigned dentifrice, and returned for 2- and 4-hour postbrushing evaluations. Subjects refrained from dental hygiene, eating, or drinking during the 4-hour evaluation period. To collect the oral microflora samples, subjects rinsed with 10 mL of sterile water for 10 seconds and deposited their samples into sterile tubes. Each collected sample was serially diluted in sterile phosphate-buffered saline and duplicate-plated onto lead acetate agar. When plated onto this medium, mouth-odor-causing bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide appear as dark pigmented colonies. After 96 hours of incubation, hydrogen-sulfide-producing bacteria were counted, expressed as log colony-forming units per milliliter, and reduction from baseline was calculated. The results of this clinical study support the conclusion that Colgate Total Advanced Fresh provides a significantly greater reduction in mouth-odor-causing bacteria than a commercial fluoridated breath-freshening dentifrice (P < or = 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Breath-odor evaluation by detection of volatile sulfur compounds--correlation with organoleptic odor ratings.

Volatile sulfur compounds are known to be major contributors to oral malodor, and their detection by gas chromatography (GC) is a commonly used method for evaluating breath odor in clinical trials. A custom-designed breath-sampling GC system was developed for this purpose. A clinical study was performed to compare the performance of this instrumental method to organoleptic evaluation by trained odor judges. A statistically significant correlation was found between the measured levels of volatile sulfurs and the ratings of the odor judges. Both methods performed similarly in evaluating the breath-freshening effects of two test products. These results demonstrate the strength of the GC method for evaluating breath odor and predicting the breath-freshening effects of oral-care products.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Clinical comparison of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh vs a commercially available fluoride breath-freshening toothpaste in reducing breath odor overnight: a multiple-use study.

The objective of this randomized, crossover study was to compare the effectiveness of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh toothpaste to a commercially available breath-freshening dentifrice containing fluoride for its ability to reduce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) responsible for breath odor overnight. The study followed a two-treatment, two-period crossover design. Subjects were given a test product, along with a soft-bristled toothbrush, and instructed to brush their teeth for 1 minute, twice daily (once in the morning and the evening) using the assigned dentifrice for 7 consecutive days. After their evening brushing on the seventh day, subjects reported to the testing facility without oral hygiene, eating, or drinking for the overnight evaluation. After a washout period, subjects repeated the same regimen, now using the other test product. The levels of breath VSC were evaluated instrumentally using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Clinical effectiveness of a triclosan/copolymer/sodium-fluoride dentifrice in controlling oral malodor: a three-week clinical trial.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a commercially available, clinically proven, American Dental Association (ADA)-Accepted dentifrice containing 0.30% triclosan, 2% polyvinylmethylether/maleic acid (PVM/MA) copolymer, and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a 10% high-cleaning silica base (Colgate Total Advanced Fresh) to a commercially available, clinically proven, ADA-Accepted control dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Cavity Protection Winterfresh Gel) for the management of oral malodor in a 3-week, randomized, double-blind longitudinal clinical trial. A panel of four expert judges used a nine-point hedonic scale to evaluate breath odor using a protocol designed in concordance with the ADA Draft Acceptance Program Guidelines for Products Used in the Management of Oral Malodor. After a baseline evaluation, prospective study subjects who scored above the threshold value for unpleasant breath odor were stratified by score and randomized into two treatment groups. Subjects were provided with a soft-bristled toothbrush and brushed their teeth thoroughly in their regular and customary manner for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice, twice daily. Before oral-malodor evaluations, the subjects refrained from eating odorigenic foods and did not use dental hygiene procedures, breath mints, or mouth rinses. Eighty-one adult men and women from Chengdu, China, completed the study. Throughout the study, the mean breath-odor scores observed in the Colgate Total Advanced Fresh toothpaste group for both daytime and overnight were within the range of values associated with pleasant breath odor, were statistically significantly lower than the corresponding mean scores for the control group, and also represented statistically significant reductions from baseline. Relative to the baseline score, more than 80% of the subjects in the Colgate Total Advanced Fresh toothpaste group demonstrated a 3.2 or more unit reduction in organoleptic scores at every postbaseline breath-odor evaluation. Thus, the overall results of the double-blind clinical study support the conclusions that Colgate Total Advanced Fresh toothpaste is efficacious for the control of oral malodor for up to 12 hours in the daytime and up to 12 hours overnight.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Olfactory reference syndrome: diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis.

Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) has been defined as a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent preoccupation about body odour accompanied by shame, embarrassment, significant distress, avoidance behaviour and social isolation. ORS has however not been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) (DSM-IV) and, given that its primary symptoms may be found in various other disorders, differential diagnosis can be problematic. Using an illustrative case of ORS, we propose diagnostic criteria for ORS. We also argue that ORS represents a unique cluster of symptoms that can be delineated as a separate diagnostic entity, and that ORS falls on a spectrum of social anxiety disorders that includes social anxiety disorder, taijin kyofusho, and body dysmorphic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Philip Barrough, Elizabethan physician with the first English book on medicine.

Philip Barrough was an Elizabethan surgeon and physician who, in 1587, published the first book on medicine in the English language. In addition to a comprehensive presentation of the overall knowledge of medicine of the time, Barrough devoted several chapters to the diagnosis and management of the diseases of the teeth and diseases of the mouth and oropharynx. Very little is known about the life of Barrough, such as the dates of his birth and death and where he practiced medicine. It is curious that despite his major contribution to medicine, and the fact that his book went into seven editions, his name is not even mentioned in the major histories of medicine, such as those of Garrison, Castiglioni, Major, and Mettler. This paper attempts to place Barrough in his proper place in the history of medicine, and to emphasize his overall knowledge of medicine as well as his concern about diseases of the mouth and teeth.

Authorship↗
PubMed2004

[The study of the relationship of malodor and microbial composition of interdental and subgingival plaques in periodontitis patients].

OBJECTIVE: The study is to investigate the microbial composition of interdental and subgingival plaques of periodontitis patients with or without malodor, to explore the relationships between periodontitis and oral malodor. METHODS: 20 patients of periodontitis with malodor were chosen from 210 patients of periodontitis, and the clinical parameter of plaque index (PLI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) and probing depth (PD) were measured and compared with the control group which had periodontal disease without malodor. During the experiment, the interdental and subgingival microbial samples in both groups were collected and sent to anaerobic culture for 48 hrs, then the total CFU/ml of each sample were counted, and each type of bacteria was separated and identified. All of the data were analyzed by using the statistical software SPSS 10.0. RESULTS: (1) There were no satistical differences on PLI, GBI, PD between experimental group and control group. (2) The percents of leptospira in both interdental and subgingival plaques of test group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). (3) Either the interdental or in subgingival plaques, the count results of CFU/ml were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). (4) The proportions of malodor producing anaerobic bacteria in interdental gingival plaque, such as P. gingivalis and Veillonelia, were singnificantly different between test group and control group. CONCLUSION: The proportions of VSC's producing anaerobic bacteria in interdental gingival plaque may be play the significant roles in oral malodor. Further studies should be taken to elucidate the relationship between malodor and periodontitis.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2005

[Oral hygiene, caries status and bad breath among young Israeli recruits].

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the extent of self-reported bad breath in an Israeli population of young army recruits and to assess its relationship with other self-reported parameters, as well as general dental status. Self-reported parameters included smoking status, bad taste, gingival bleeding and the presence of tonsilloliths. The study comprised 426 young adults recruits (ages 18-19), almost all males (95%), all of whom agreed to answer a questionnaire. All participants underwent a dental screening and were divided into three groups regarding to their dental status (do not need treatment, need moderate treatment, need extensive treatment). Statistical analysis included Pearson's chi square test of association using BMDP statistical software. Among the recruits, 142 (33%) were active smokers. Thirty-five participants (8.2%) reported bad breath as well as bad taste. Twenty-seven (6.3%) reported being told that they had bad breath. Tonsilloliths were reported by 31 participants (7.3%) and gingival bleeding by 80 (18.8%). Self-reported bad breath was positively associated with bad taste, gingival bleeding, the presence of tonsilloliths and general dental status (p<0.05). The study indicates that self reports of bad breath are associated by objective factors (e.g. dental status, tonsilloliths) as well as subjective parameters (bad taste).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Clinical comparison of a new manual toothbrush on the level of hydrogen-sulfide-forming bacteria on the tongue.

The objective of this randomized, crossover study was to compare the effectiveness of a newly designed manual toothbrush (Colgate 360 degrees) to two commercially available manual toothbrushes (Oral-B Indicator and Oral-B CrossAction) and a battery-powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush PRO) for their ability to reduce hydrogen-sulfide-forming bacteria on the tongue. After a washout period, subjects arrived at the clinical site for baseline sampling without performing dental hygiene, eating, or drinking. Subjects sampled the left side of their tongue with a cotton swab. Subjects brushed for 1 minute with the assigned test toothbrush and regular fluoride toothpaste. Those using the Colgate 360 degrees toothbrush were instructed to clean their tongue with the implement on the back of the brush head for 10 seconds. After 2 hours, the subjects returned to the clinical site having refrained from dental hygiene, eating, and drinking for posttreatment sampling, this time sampling the right side of their tongue. After a minimum 2-day washout period, subjects repeated the same regimen using the other toothbrushes. Collected tongue samples were dispersed in sterile water, serially diluted in sterile phosphate-buffered saline, and plated in duplicate onto lead acetate agar. When plated on this medium, bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide appear as dark-pigmented colonies. After 72 hours of incubation, the dark colonies were counted, expressed as log colony-forming units/mL, and reduction from baseline was calculated. Thirty-one adult men and women completed the clinical study. There was no significant difference between baseline hydrogen-sulfide-forming bacteria levels. Posttreatment, the log reduction of bacteria was 0.80, 0.41, 0.33, and 0.44 for the Colgate 360 degrees, Oral-B Indicator, Crest SpinBrush PRO, and Oral-B CrossAction, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the Colgate 360 toothbrush was statistically significantly better (P < .05) than the 3 commercial toothbrushes in reducing the levels of hydrogen-sulfide-forming bacteria on the tongue.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Clinical comparison of a new manual toothbrush on breath volatile sulfur compounds.

The objective of this randomized, crossover study was to compare the effectiveness of a newly designed manual toothbrush (Colgate 360 degrees) to two commercially available manual toothbrushes (Oral-B Indicator and Oral-B CrossAction) and a battery-powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush PRO) for their ability to reduce overnight volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) associated with oral malodor. The study followed a four-period crossover design. Following a washout period, prospective subjects arrived at the testing facility without eating, drinking, or performing oral hygiene for baseline evaluation of breath VSC levels. For each phase of the study, subjects were given one of the test tooth-brushes and a tube of regular toothpaste to take home, and they were instructed to brush their teeth in their customary manner for 1 minute. When using the Colgate 360 degrees toothbrush, subjects were instructed to clean their tongue with the implement on the back of the brush head for 10 seconds. The following morning, subjects reported to the testing facility, again without performing oral hygiene, eating, or drinking, for the overnight evaluation. After a minimum 2-day washout period, subjects repeated the same regimen using the other toothbrushes. The levels of breath VSC were evaluated instrumentally using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector. Measurements were taken in duplicate and then averaged. The levels of VSC were expressed as parts per billion (ppb) in mouth air. Sixteen men and women completed the study. At baseline, the mean levels of VSC in mouth air for the 4 toothbrushes were 719.8 ppb+/-318.4 ppb, 592.8 ppb+/-264.6 ppb, 673.8 ppb+/-405.9 ppb, and 656.2 ppb+/-310.2 ppb for the Colgate 360 degrees, Oral-B Indicator, Crest SpinBrush PRO, and Oral-B CrossAction, respectively. Overnight, the mean breath VSC levels after using the four toothbrushes were lower than those observed at baseline. The respective mean levels of breath VSC were 266.5 ppb+/-269.9 ppb, 545.2 ppb+/-346.1 ppb, 567 ppb+/-335.7 ppb, and 554.6 ppb+/-398.4 ppb. Only the Colgate 360 degrees toothbrush provided a statistically significant reduction (P < .05) in breath VSC vs baseline. Additionally, the Colgate 360 degrees toothbrush was statistically significantly better (P < .05) than the three commercial toothbrushes in reducing breath VSC. Therefore, the results of this randomized, crossover clinical study indicate that a newly designed manual toothbrush with a tongue-cleaning implement on the back of the brush head was significantly more effective than three commercially available toothbrushes in reducing morning breath VSC associated with oral malodor.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Use of a novel group of oral malodor measurements to evaluate an anti-oral malodor mouthrinse (TriOralTM) in humans.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the ability of a test mouthwash containing zinc chloride and sodium chlorite (TriOral) to reduce intrinsic oral malodor, to that of two other mouthrinses, one with zinc chloride only and the other with no zinc chloride/no sodium chlorite, using a novel group of oral malodor parameter measurements. METHODOLOGY: Forty-eight subjects completed the study; 16 in the test group, 17 in the zinc only group, and 15 in the no zinc chloride/ no sodium chlorite group. At baseline and after two and four weeks, parameters assessed were 1) malodorants in the headspace of and in solution in resting whole saliva determined organoleptically, 2) breath volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) measured with a sulfide monitor (Halimeter), 3) fresh and incubated saliva oxidation-reduction potential (E(h)) measured with a platinum electrode, and 4) level of saliva indolic compounds (IC), indole and skatole, determined colorimetrically with Kovac's reagent. The VSC, E(h), and IC data for the three mouthrinses were analyzed statistically by repeated measures ANOVA between groups, and by 2-way ANOVA within groups. Corresponding organoleptic data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Organoleptic, VSC, and E(h) evaluations clearly showed the zinc chloride/sodium chlorite test mouthrinse to be more effective than the other two rinses. In all cases, the level of significance was p < 0.001 between the test mouthrinse and its no zinc chloride/no sodium chlorite control; between test mouthrinse and the zinc chloride only product, significance was p < 0.05, < 0.001 and < 0.01 for the organoleptic, VSC, and E(h) tests, respectively. Noteworthy was the observation that the mean organoleptic saliva headspace score with the test mouthrinse was reduced to zero, and VSC levels fell below 50 ppb S by the end of the study, a level where the breath is usually non-odorous. The test mouthwash also appeared more effective in reducing the salivary IC levels, but the results did not reach significance at p < 0.05 unless IC levels were amplified in the saliva by incubation overnight at 37 degrees C. Correlations between the various procedures were highly significant, achieving in almost all cases a probability level of p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: The results supported the conclusion that the zinc chloride plus sodium chlorite mouthrinse (TriOral) is more effective in reducing oral malodor than a zinc chloride alone mouthrinse, and even more effective than its no zinc chloride/no sodium chlorite mouthrinse control. The methods used in this study were consistent with one another, and highly effective in measuring various parameters that characterize oral malodor.

Adult↗