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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The use of agents which improve staining of fresh human fibrocartilage.

Comparisons of three agents were undertaken to improve the bulk staining of fresh human fibrocartilage with gold chloride for neural elements. The medial meniscus of the knee was the experimental tissue. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) increased the penetration of the stain but had a negative effect on the deposition of the gold on the tissue site. Sodium borohydride apparently reacted with tissue aldehydes decreasing the background enough to give the impression of an improved staining reaction. Triton X-100, the agent of choice, solubilized the collagen protein of the menisci sufficiently to allow penetration of the stain and, being nonionic, did not react with the gold chloride solution.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1989

The use of gold chloride to stain developing and adult neuromuscular junctions in the insect.

Individual insect muscle fibers, whose neuromuscular junctions have been stained with a modification of Ranvier's gold chloride method, can be dissected free and mounted whole if the muscle is prefixed in aldehydes. The neuromuscular junctions along the length of the individual fibers are well delineated and can be measured and counted. Effective procedures include fixation with glutaraldehyde buffered to low pH with sodium citrate, or glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde combined in phosphate buffer at neutral pH, followed by exposure to citric acid and to gold chloride. The method is convenient, and could be useful for the study of arthropod neuromuscular junctions in general, since their nerve terminals do not release acetylcholine as a transmitter and cannot be stained by the more commonly used cholinesterase methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Neurohistology of lumbar spine ligaments.

A study was conducted to identify neural elements in the posterior ligaments of the lumbar spine by using a modified gold-chloride method. Three morphologic types of mechanoreceptors were identified: Ruffini corpuscles, Ruffini end organs, and pacinian corpuscles. Free nerve endings, which are thought to be responsible for pain production, were also demonstrated within the ligaments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Surface composition and structure of titanium polished with aqueous slurry of ferric oxide.

Cast plates were prepared from commercial titanium. The plates were polished with a slurry of fine ferric oxide powder. The surface composition and structure were investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the high pressure-polished surface, iron was non-uniformly distributed but oxygen was mostly uniformly distributed, while in a light pressure-polished surface, iron and oxygen were uniformly distributed though at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. EPMA state analysis and XPS suggested that the iron might exist as Fe2+ in the outermost surface, while it might be in a metallic state in the inner surface layer.

Copper↗
PubMed2000

Corrosion characteristics of ferric and austenitic stainless steels for dental magnetic attachment.

The corrosion behaviors of four ferric stainless steels and two austenitic stainless steels were examined in a simulated physiological environment (0.9% NaCl solution) to obtain basic data for evaluating the appropriate composition of stainless steels for dental magnetic attachments. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical techniques and the analysis of released metal ions by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The surface of the stainless steels was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The breakdown potential of ferric stainless steels increased and the total amount of released metal ions decreased linearly with increases in the sum of the Cr and Mo contents. The corrosion rate of the ferric stainless steels increased 2 to 6 times when they were galvanically coupled with noble metal alloys but decreased when coupled with commercially pure Ti. For austenitic stainless steels, the breakdown potential of high N-bearing stainless steel was approximately 500 mV higher than that of SUS316L, which is currently used as a component in dental magnetic attachments. The enriched nitrogen at the alloy/passive film interface may be effective in improving the localized corrosion resistance.

Carbon↗
PubMed1999

Detection of human papillomavirus in cervical carcinoma: comparison of peroxidase, Nanogold, and catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD)-Nanogold in situ hybridization.

We compared three in situ hybridization (ISH) methods for their applicability and sensitivity in detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) in 61 cases (1 Grade 1, 18 Grade 2, 42 Grade 3) of routinely processed squamous cell cervical carcinoma. A commercially available biotinylated probe for HPV-16/18 was applied to serial sections and detected by conventional streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase ISH, streptavidin-Nanogold-silver ISH, and catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD)-Nanogold-gold ISH. The latter method involved signal amplification by peroxidase-catalyzed deposition of biotinylated tyramides at the hybridization sites, followed by detection of accumulated biotin by streptavidin-Nanogold made visible by autometallography. The HPV-16/18 detection rates for the three methods were 39.3, 44.3, and 65.6%, respectively. In all of the three ISH methods, a punctate staining pattern (single or multiple intranuclear spots of variable size), presumably indicating viral integration, was highly predominant among the positive cases. Two of the cases identified as positive by streptavidin-biotinperoxidase ISH were rated negative with streptavidin-Nanogold-silver ISH, whereas six cases that were clearly negative with streptavidin-biotinperoxidase ISH became positively stained with streptavidin-Nanogold ISH. All of these discordant cases were positive by the highly sensitive CARD-Nanogold-gold ISH. In addition, the high detection sensitivity of CARD-Nanogold-gold ISH was confirmed by its ability to detect single copies of HPV-16 in SiHa cells. In general, we found that the intense black reaction product from Nanogold autometallography gave superior contrast to that obtained with the peroxidase system. After tyramide signal amplification, the staining was so clearly visible that preparations could be readily screened under low magnification. Our findings precisely demonstrated the need for improved sensitivity in the in situ detection of HPV. The CARD-Nanogold-gold technology looks promising as a highly sensitive method for routine ISH in molecular pathology.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1999

Reversible pancreatitis, hepatitis, and peripheral polyneuropathy associated with parenteral gold therapy.

A 63-year-old man with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis developed acute pancreatitis, severe hepatitis, and sensorimotor polyneuropathy after receiving 150 mg of intramuscular aurothioglucose (gold). Positive lymphocyte transformation test to gold indicated a cell mediated hypersensitivity to the drug, while multiple investigations ruled out other underlying causes for his illness. After cessation of gold therapy a complete recovery occurred.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Longterm therapy of psoriatic arthritis: intramuscular gold or methotrexate?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate (MTX) and intramuscular (im) gold in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: Medical records from all patients with PsA attending the gold and MTX clinics at the Vancouver Mary Pack Arthritis Centre between 1971 and 1995 were reviewed. The odds of a clinical response (defined as at least a 50% reduction in active joint count from initial to last visit or for at least 6 months) and the relative risk of discontinuing therapy associated with treatment (MTX or im gold) were calculated after controlling for significant baseline covariates, using logistic regression and Cox regression analyses, respectively. The frequency of side effects and the reasons for treatment cessation were also compared between treatment groups. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients received 111 treatment courses: 43 of MTX and 68 of im gold. The likelihood of a clinical response was 8.9 times greater (95% CI 1.8; 44.0) with MTX than im gold. Patients were 5 times more likely (95% CI 2.4; 10.4) to discontinue therapy with im gold than with MTX. No major toxicity occurred and frequency of side effects was similar for both treatments. Patients with a longer duration of PsA prior to initiation of study treatment were less likely to achieve a clinical response. CONCLUSION: MTX and im gold are safe and well tolerated in the treatment of PsA. In our experience. MTX was superior to im gold in the likelihood of achieving a clinical response and in permitting an individual to continue longterm treatment. Our data suggest that earlier treatment may be associated with a better response.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Sequestration of aggregated LDL by macrophages studied with freeze-etch electron microscopy.

The detailed morphology of macrophages involved in the uptake and intracellular processing of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and, ultimately, formation of macrophage-derived foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions has long fascinated investigators. This study examined localization of LDL in subcellular compartments of macrophage-derived intimal foam cells in cardiac valves isolated from rabbits by diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and, as an in vitro model of formation of foam cells, in cultured human monocyte-macrophages incubated for 2;-120 h with aggregated LDL produced by vortexing or phospholipase C lipolysis. The quasi-three-dimensional morphology of macrophages involved in endocytosis was preserved by ultrarapid freezing and freeze-etch microscopy in conjunction with thin-section electron microscopy. This approach produced unique images of subcellular compartments in human monocyte-macrophages involved in the uptake and processing of aggregated LDL with a clarity not previously reported. Three-dimensional ultrastructural analyses revealed a complex network of coated and uncoated vesicles, surface-connected saclike compartments, and endosomal/lysosomal compartments including the labyrinth of vesicular/tubular lysosomes all enmeshed in the microtubular, microfilament cytoskeletal network. These dynamic views of subcellular structures at the high resolution of the electron microscope provide an additional framework to better understand how lipoprotein particles are transported into, and processed within, macrophages during foam cell formation in atherogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Enhanced photo--catalytic activity of gold ion and gold modified.

The gold ion modified TiO2 was prepared by means of sol-gel whereas gold deposited TiO2 was prepared by means of photo-reduction. The physical properties were influenced significantly by the presence of gold ion or gold. The enhanced photo-activity of gold modified TiO2 was quantified in terms of methylene blue degradation. The presence of gold ion in TiO2 lattices or gold on TiO2 surface enhanced their photo-activity. The optimum molar content of gold ion doping and gold deposition all was 0.5%. The first-order rates constants of gold modified TiO2 was more than that of pure TiO2, and decreased by increasing the content of gold ion and gold when their contents were more than 0.5%. Gold ion doped in TiO2 lattices was more effective to enhance the photo-activity than gold on TiO2 surface. Moreover, the relationship between physical properties, chemical properties and photo-activity has been discussed.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of a gold containing Ayurvedic drug.

Gold containing Ayurvedic preparation, Swarna Vasant Malti, was given to 20 male persons in a dose of 100 mg twice a day for 40 days under supervision of Ayurvedic physicians. The total cumulative intake of 160 mg of gold at the rate of 4 mg per day in this form did not have any toxic effect on human body as evidenced by clinical examination, unaltered body weight, absence of urinary pathology and by 30 sensitive biochemical and enzymatic tests. The gold from this Ayurvedic preparation was found in plasma and erythrocytes, excreted partly in urine and was present in semen. Gold binding to albumin and hemoglobin slightly increased their electrophoretic mobility towards anode. This gold preparation seemed to increase sperm motility and prostatic activity.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed2002

Endosomal compartments serve multiple hippocampal dendritic spines from a widespread rather than a local store of recycling membrane.

Endosomes are essential to dendritic and synaptic function in sorting membrane proteins for degradation or recycling, yet little is known about their locations near synapses. Here, serial electron microscopy was used to ascertain the morphology and distribution of all membranous intracellular compartments in distal dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in juvenile and adult rats. First, the continuous network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was traced throughout dendritic segments and their spines. SER occupied the cortex of the dendritic shaft and extended into 14% of spines. Several types of non-SER compartments were then identified, including clathrin-coated vesicles and pits, large uncoated vesicles, tubular compartments, multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and MVB-tubule complexes. The uptake of extracellular gold particles indicated that these compartments were endosomal in origin. Small, round vesicles and pits that did not contain gold were also identified. The tubular compartments exhibited clathrin-coated tips consistent with the genesis of these small, presumably exosomal vesicles. Approximately 70% of the non-SER compartments were located within or at the base of dendritic spines. Overall, only 29% of dendritic spines had endosomal compartments, whereas 20% contained small vesicles. Small vesicles did not colocalize in spines with endosomes or SER. Three-dimensional reconstructions revealed that up to 20 spines shared a recycling pool of plasmalemmal proteins rather than maintaining independent stores at each spine.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Prevention of keloids of the earlobes].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causing of keloids of the earlobes. METHOD: We have treated 41 keloides of earlobes in 28 cases, and analyzed the factors. RESULT: It has been found that infections, inappropriate supporter, allergy to nickel and gold, local delayed allergy are the chief factors to form keloides of the earlobes. CONCLUSION: Some measures to prevent those cousing mentioned above have been proposed.

Adolescent↗