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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of the possibility of using genetic and microbiological research methods for resolving current problems in the epidemiology of salmonellosis].

S. typhimurium strains isolated in 14 regions of the USSR have, parallel with considerable similarity in their biological characteristics, a number of essential differences. These differences become manifest in the determination of the plasmid spectra of the above organisms. The transfer of R-plasmid PLE518 F1 me fin+ with a molecular weight of 96 Md to strains, sensitive to the action of typing bacteriophages, renders these strains resistant to the lytic action of a number of phages, which leads to the conversion of their phage type. In some cases it may deteriorate the validity of the method of phage typing, used for epidemiological purposes.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Value of molecular epidemiologic analysis in a nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate two molecular epidemiologic methods used in the analysis of a nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak. DESIGN: Restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA (REAP) was used in the analysis of 45 MRSA isolates. After termination of the outbreak, isolates were retrospectively analyzed in a blind fashion using the newly described technique of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Molecular analyses were compared with epidemiologic and antimicrobial susceptibility data. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight patients and 12 employees infected or colonized with MRSA during a 6-week period. RESULTS: A clonal relationship demonstrated among isolates from burn unit patients and staff was clearly distinguishable from MRSA isolates arising from other hospital wards. The combination of REAP and AP-PCR provided complementary information in several instances. Aggressive measures to isolate infected patients and eradicate colonization from patients and staff terminated the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: Although traditional epidemiologic methods retain their central role in modern hospital infection control, molecular epidemiologic analysis can significantly enhance the ability of infection control officers to analyze and terminate hospital epidemics. The combination of AP-PCR and REAP may prove to be a particularly informative means of tracking the nosocomial spread of microbial strains and their mobile genetic elements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Biochemistry, genetics and physiology of microbial styrene degradation.

The last few decades have seen a steady increase in the global production and utilisation of the alkenylbenzene, styrene. The compound is of major importance in the petrochemical and polymer-processing industries, which can contribute to the pollution of natural resources via the release of styrene-contaminated effluents and off-gases. This is a cause for some concern as human over-exposure to styrene, and/or its early catabolic intermediates, can have a range of destructive health effects. These features have prompted researchers to investigate routes of styrene degradation in microorganisms, given the potential application of these organisms in bioremediation/biodegradation strategies. This review aims to examine the recent advances which have been made in elucidating the underlying biochemistry, genetics and physiology of microbial styrene catabolism, identifying areas of interest for the future and highlighting the potential industrial importance of individual catabolic pathway enzymes.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1977

[Multiple antibiotic resistance in actinomycetes].

Native strains of Actinomycetes from three systematic groups of Streptomyces (blue, gray and globisporine) have been characterized for their resistance to antibiotics and sulfamids. Most strains are found to possess stably inheritable multiple resistance to many antibiotics. The resistance of a number of strains to the aminoglycoside antibiotics and penicillins appears to be due to the presence of inactivating enzymes in these strains. The resistance to erythromycin, lyncomycin, tetracycline and ristomycin is likely to have an inducible nature in S. coelicolor A3(2). Linkage analysis for resistance determinants in pairs suggests random distribution of the majority of determinants among tested strains. Non-random distribution has been shown for determinants of resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ristomycin in Tc Cm, Tc Rm combinations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1972

Biochemical and genetic aspects of nystatin resistance in saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Two phenotypically distinct sets of nystatin-resistant mutants were investigated. One set is resistant, respiratory competent, and requires no lipid for growth. The other set is more resistant, respiratory deficient, and lipid requiring (unsaturated fatty acid or sterol). Both sets show altered sterol composition as demonstrated by the Liebermann-Burchard colorimetric reaction, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and gas-liquid chromatography. Genetic analysis indicates that all nystatin-resistant mutants can be placed into one of six distinct genetic groups. The phenotype's nystatin resistance, lipid requirement, and respiratory deficiency are recessive. There was one case of allelism for mutants from different sets. Revertants of mutants which have the tripartite phenotype retain a residual level of nystatin resistance, but they are no longer lipid requiring or respiratory deficient. Growth studies in mutants which have the tripartite phenotype reveal that the addition of ergosterol to the growth medium results in decreased resistance to nystatin.

Chromatography, Gas↗