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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Long term results of treatment of vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract by neodymium Yag laser photocoagulation.

The effect of Yag laser photocoagulation on the course of bleeding of gastrointestinal vascular malformations was studied in 59 patients, with a total of 482 lesions. The lesions were located in the upper gastrointestinal tract alone in 25 patients, in the lower tract alone in 31 patients and in both the lower and the upper gastrointestinal tract in three patients. In the month before laser therapy the number of bleeding episodes averaged 1.09 +/- 0.6 (SD) per patient (n = 57) and the transfusion requirements 2.4 +/- 2.6 red blood cells units per patient, while in the month after treatment the bleeding incidence averaged 0.16 +/- 0.5 and the transfusion requirements 0.21 +/- 0.8 (both p less than 0.001). Long term results were analysed considering for each patient an equally long pretreatment and follow up period. After a mean follow up period of 11.5 months (1-48 months), 17 of the 57 patients available for follow up rebled. The reduction of the bleeding rate was statistically significant at one, six, 12, and 18 months of follow up, while transfusion rate was significantly decreased at one, six, and 12 months. The results were disappointing in patients with Osler-Weber-Rendu (n = 4) and in patients with angiomas associated with Von Willebrand's disease (n = 3), who all rebled. In angiodysplasia the treatment was successful in 82% of the 49 patients. The more numerous the lesions, the less effective the reduction in bleeding rate by laser treatment was. Histological studies showed that the haemostatic effect of Yag laser photocoagulation was obtained by destruction of the lesion. Rebleeding was due to lesions missed at the first treatment, incompletely treated lesions and recurrence of new lesions. In two patients a free caecal perforation necessitated a right hemicolectomy. In both patients numerous or very large lesions had been treated in the caecum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Large melanoma metastases to the gastrointestinal tract.

It is well known that malignant melanoma can metastasize widely. Although these metastases in the gastrointestinal tract usually appear as small 'bull's-eye' or 'target' lesions, there are a few reports of relatively large melanoma metastases. We report five cases of large melanoma lesions metastatic to the alimentary canal. We also emphasise the consideration of a thorough gastrointestinal tract evaluation in patients with malignant melanoma especially if they are symptomatic.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Superparamagnetic particles as an MRI contrast agent for the gastrointestinal tract.

Non-biodegradable superparamagnetic particles containing magnetite were evaluated as a potential contrast agent for the gastrointestinal tract. The particles were administered to pigs perorally either suspended in water or mixed with food. The gastrointestinal tract structures were excellently depicted through a lowered signal intensity of their content in both T1 and T2 weighted images. Relatively large volumes with low particle concentration seemed to give a good contrast agent distribution, especially when the administration was extended over a period of time. Problems with artefacts and blurring in the images caused by a too high local concentration of the contrast agent should also be minimized by using low particle concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Cannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract.

The enteric nervous system of several species, including the mouse, rat, guinea pig and humans, contains cannabinoid CB1 receptors that depress gastrointestinal motility, mainly by inhibiting ongoing contractile transmitter release. Signs of this depressant effect are, in the whole organism, delayed gastric emptying and inhibition of the transit of non-absorbable markers through the small intestine and, in isolated strips of ileal tissue, inhibition of evoked acetylcholine release, peristalsis, and cholinergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) contractions of longitudinal or circular smooth muscle. These are contractions evoked electrically or by agents that are thought to stimulate contractile transmitter release either in tissue taken from morphine pretreated animals (naloxone) or in unpretreated tissue (gamma-aminobutyric acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine). The inhibitory effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on gastric emptying and intestinal transit are mediated to some extent by CB1 receptors in the brain as well as by enteric CB1 receptors. Gastric acid secretion is also inhibited in response to CB1 receptor activation, although the detailed underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Cannabinoid receptor agonists delay gastric emptying in humans as well as in rodents and probably also inhibit human gastric acid secretion. Cannabinoid pretreatment induces tolerance to the inhibitory effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on gastrointestinal motility. Findings that the CB1 selective antagonist/inverse agonist SR141716A produces in vivo and in vitro signs of increased motility of rodent small intestine probably reflect the presence in the enteric nervous system of a population of CB1 receptors that are precoupled to their effector mechanisms. SR141716A has been reported not to behave in this manner in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation (MPLM) of human ileum unless this has first been rendered cannabinoid tolerant. Nor has it been found to induce "withdrawal" contractions in cannabinoid tolerant guinea pig ileal MPLM. Further research is required to investigate the role both of endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonists and of non-CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. The extent to which the effects on gastrointestinal function of cannabinoid receptor agonists or antagonists/inverse agonists can be exploited therapeutically has yet to be investigated as has the extent to which these drugs can provoke unwanted effects in the gastrointestinal tract when used for other therapeutic purposes.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1986

Colonoscopy as a primary diagnostic procedure in chronic gastrointestinal tract bleeding.

We compared the use of barium enema (BE) and colonoscopy in evaluating patients with chronic gastrointestinal tract bleeding by dividing into three groups 329 consecutive colonoscopies and 207 consecutive BE examinations done with chronic gastrointestinal tract bleeding as an indication. In the first group, of 96 patients with negative results of BE studies, subsequent colonoscopy showed carcinoma of the colon in 16%, polyps larger than 1 cm in 21%, and other causes in 20%. In 43% the colonoscopy gave negative results or was incomplete. In the other two groups we directly compared findings of the 207 BE and the 233 remaining colonoscopies when each was used as a primary diagnostic test. Colonoscopy was found to have fewer negative results (74% vs 43%), fewer inconclusive examinations requiring repeat (19% vs 3%), and more positive correct findings to explain the cause of bleeding (54% vs 5%).

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1991

Identification and in situ localization of the insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor in the rat gastrointestinal tract: comparison with the IGF-I receptor.

In the present study we investigated pharmacological, biochemical, and immunological characteristics as well as the tissue distribution of the insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor in the rat gastrointestinal tract, and compared the data with those from corresponding experiments for the IGF-I receptor. Competitive binding and affinity cross-linking studies with [125I]IGF-II, and [125I]IGF-I respectively, in rat jejunum yielded results analogous to those previously obtained for IGF-II/M6P and IGF-I receptors in intestinal epithelial membranes and other tissues. Furthermore, the IGF-II/M6P receptor antibody no. 3637 completely inhibited the association of [125I]IGF-II with receptor protein but nonimmune antibody did not, providing additional evidence for the presence of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in the rat gut. Also, analysis of the IGF-II/M6P receptor by immunoblotting using antiserum no. 3637 identified a specific band of mol wt 220.000 throughout the gastrointestinal tract with the highest content of immunoreactivity being present in colon and ileum. Autoradiographic mapping of the distribution of IGF-receptors in the rat gut showed that the expression of IGF-II/M6P receptors was in general 2-3 times greater than that of IGF-I receptors. IGF-II/M6P receptors were found 1) in greatest densities in colon and ileum, 2) more abundantly in the mucosa than in the muscularis propria, and 3) predominantly in the luminal part of the mucosal epithelial cells. Radioimmunocytochemistry employing anti-IGF-II/M6P receptor antibody no. 3637 and [125I]protein A demonstrated an IGF-II/M6P receptor distribution analogous to that shown by autoradiography with [125I]IGF-II). IGF-I receptors were present 1) in greatest densities in ileum and colon, 2) more abundantly in the muscularis propria than in the mucosa, and 3) within the mucosa in greater densities in the lamina propria than in the surface epithelium. For both receptor types densities were greater in crypt than in villous epithelial cells. We conclude: 1) the presence of IGF-II/M6P receptors throughout the rat gastrointestinal tract points to an important role for IGF-II in this organ, 2) the finding of different patterns of distribution for IGF-II/M6P and IGF-I receptors supports the concept of their different principal functions, 3) a high degree of expression of both receptor types in crypt epithelium suggests an essential role for both IGF receptors in the regulation of cell mitogenesis and growth.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1977

Fiberoptic endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract in infants and children. I. Upper endoscopy in 53 children.

Fiberoptic endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was performed on 53 patients without incident, ranging in age between two months and 18 years, of whom 35 were out patients at the time of examination. Of 27 patients with recurrent abdominal pain and normal upper gastrointestinal series, eight had abnormal findings at endoscopy: a duodenal ulcer in four, a gastric ulcer in two and duodenitis in two. Of 18 patients with hematemesis and/or melena, esophageal varices were demonstrated both by endoscopy and x-ray in two, gastric ulcer by endoscopy in three and x-ray in one, duodenal ulcer by endoscopy in three and by x-ray in two, esophagitis by endoscopy only in one patient, erosive gastritis by endoscopy in five and by x-ray in two and duodenitis by endoscopy in three and by x-ray in two. Of the remaining eight patients with abnormal x-rays findings and other symptomatology, endoscopy demonstrated foreign bodies in two (coins, esophagus and stomach), duodenitis in two, a gastric ulcer in one, a duodenal ulcer in one and normal examination in two. The data indicate that fiberoptic endoscopy significantly improves diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract in children and is a safe and effective procedure in ambulatory pediatric patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Lack of iron stores in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Low serum ferritin concentrations indicating empty iron stores are common (30 to 50 per cent of the patients) in patients with carcinomas of the stomach, colon and rectum as well as in patients who have undergone resection of the stomach in addition to proximal selective vagotomy and fundoplication. Malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are also associated with low serum ferritin concentrations and empty iron stores. Abnormal high serum ferritin concentrations are common in patients with polyposis of the stomach, intra-abdominal abscesses, carcinoma of the papilla of Vater, in patients one month after cholecystectomy and patients with benign tumors of the esophagus, esophagitis, perforation of peptic ulcer, diverticulitis of the colon, carcinoma of the esophagus and polyposis of the colon. Patients after proximal selective vagotomy due to duodenal ulcer have frequently lower and higher values than patients with duodenal ulcers who have not undergone operation. Thus, empty iron stores are common in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially ones which are malignant, and after gastric operations, whereas a few neoplasms, malignant diseases and severe infections (intraabdominal abscesses and diverticulitis of the colon) may be associated with high serum ferritin concentrations. It is highly justified to determine serum ferritin concentrations in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1994

[Clinicopathological studies on pseudosarcomatous lesion of the upper gastrointestinal tract].

Thirty-seven cases of pseudosarcomatous lesion (PSL) are studied clinicopathologically on the upper gastrointestinal tract. Majority of the cases showed polypoid tumor lesions, and only minority of them showed non-polypoid lesions. All showed surface erosion or ulcer. Atypical proliferating cells, easily mistaken for sarcoma, were observed in the stroma. The cellular atypia of the stromal cells was related on site and shape; polypoid or non-polypoid. The lesions with severe atypia were observed mainly in the esophago-cardiac junction, lower portion of esophagus and cardia. Non-polypoid lesions showed mild atypia. Immunohistochemically, atypical stromal cells were positive only for vimentin, so considered to be fibroblastic cells. In order to avoid over-diagnosis on biopsy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, recognition of the clinicopathological features of PSL is very important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Effects of ingested chrysotile on DNA synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract and liver of the rat.

The effects of chrysotile on DNA synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat were studied by measuring the uptake of tritium-labeled thymidine; whole stomach, small intestine, colon liver were removed, cleaned, and homogenized and the DNA was isolated and assayed for tritium label.A dose-response study indicated that 2 weeks after a 5 mg/kg dose of chrysotile, DNA synthesis was increased in the small intestine and colon and reduced in the liver; synthesis was reduced in the small intestine 2 weeks after a 500 mg/kg dose. Following a 100 mg/kg dose of chrysotile, a transient increase in DNA synthesis was noted in the stomach and small intestine at 1 and 7 days, respectively, besides increased synthesis in the colon from 28 to 63 days. These data suggest that asbestos penetrates the gastrointestinal mucosa and influences regulation of DNA synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

The chemical speciation of uranium in water does not influence its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of rats.

Studies of the chemical speciation of uranium in water can enhance the knowledge of the mechanisms of its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and its storage in the body. They can also help to improve the dosimetric models recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The aim of this work was to assess the influence of uranium speciation on its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract by using both computer speciation modeling and direct measurement of the fractional absorption in vivo in rats after ingestion of five different samples of contaminated water. Preliminary ex vivo studies with human saliva and gastric juice showed that 90% of uranium was recovered with the natural components of the fluid studied. The computer studies of uranium speciation among the electrolytes of these fluids showed that under the set conditions, the chemical species changed in a broadly similar manner under the influence of fluid composition and pH. In vivo studies in rats validated these observations by indicating an average fractional absorption of about 0.4% for each of five different water samples. It is concluded that the chemical form of uranium in the water ingested did not influence its absorption into the body.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Gastrointestinal tract obstruction in the fetus.

Surgical advice is often sought when a prenatal diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract obstruction is made. We reviewed our experience with 17 such cases during a 4-year period. Eight fetuses had complete proximal obstruction. Seven of the 8 did well after maternal transport to a perinatal center and prompt neonatal surgery. Six fetuses had distal obstruction with dilated bowel and increased peristalsis. Two died after birth (1 with severe associated anomalies and 1 with short-bowel syndrome), and the other 4 did well. Three fetuses had a false-positive diagnosis of in utero meconium peritonitis. Two died and the other had no postnatal evidence of obstruction. Our data suggest (1) polyhydramnios may not be present early in gestation or with distal obstruction; (2) other anomalies, including a family history of cystic fibrosis, should be sought; (3) dilated bowel with increased peristalsis is diagnostic of fetal gastrointestinal tract obstruction, whereas intra-abdominal calcification and ascites are nonspecific findings; (4) late development of ascites in a fetus with documented obstruction may be an indication for early delivery; and (5) prenatal diagnosis permits appropriate counseling, planned delivery, and prompt postnatal resuscitation and surgery with a good prognosis in most cases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical signs, diagnostics and treatment of the benign mesenchymal (submucosal) tumors of the gastrointestinal tract].

Benign mesenhimal tumors (submucosal) of the gastrointestinal tract are rarely found. They develop in the submucosa of the digestive tract. The tumors are covered by normal mucosa, have slow growth and tendency to ulcerations and bleeding. The clinical manifestations are not characteristic and depend on tumors size localization and complications, which often lead to diagnostic difficulties. The three cases of benign mesenchimal tumors localized in the stomach, colon and rectum, surgically removed during 2001/2002 year are represented. Typical clinical symptoms include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and anaemia. The presented clinical cases are of great interest, because of the very low grade of incidence, non-specific clinical manifestations and different diagnosis. Expressive intraoperative histological confirmation of the diagnosis is absolutely necessary. Recurrences are not found in the treated patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies. A comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a comparative evaluation of various endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty cases of suspected malignancy involving the upper gastrointestinal tract were studied. In all 30 cases, four endoscopic cytology techniques (brushing before biopsy, brushing after biopsy, fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] and suction cytology) were evaluated and correlated with histology by forceps biopsy. All the cytologic techniques were used and forceps biopsy carried out in a single sitting, but the forceps biopsy was repeated in 4 of 30 cases. RESULTS: The respective positive yields of brushing before biopsy, brushing after biopsy, FNAC, suction cytology and forceps biopsy were 80.0%, 86.6%, 83.3%, 76.6% and 90.0%. When two cytologic techniques were combined, 100% accuracy was obtained by brushing after biopsy and FNAC and brushing before biopsy and suction cytology. CONCLUSION: Brushing cytology is a sensitive diagnostic test, and the combined use of biopsy and brushing offers the highest probability of identifying malignancy.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed2004

[Trophic feeding and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract of the preterm infant].

Maturation of gastrointestinal function in neonates is stimulated by enteral nutrition whereas parenteral nutrition induces gastrointestinal atrophy and malfunction. Trophic feeding is the practice of feeding minute volumes of milk in order to stimulate the development of the immature gastrointestinal tract of the preterm infant. The provision of trophic feeding to the metabolically stable premature infant appears to result in multiple nutritional benefits and in minimum risk of complications. Further studies are, however, needed before recommending this practice routinely.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed2003

Detection of apoptotic cells in intestines from horses with and without gastrointestinal tract disease.

OBJECTIVE: To identify apoptosis in equine intestines and determine whether apoptosis is associated with gastrointestinal tract disease or a specific tissue layer of intestine. ANIMALS: 38 horses that underwent surgery or were euthanatized for small or large intestine obstruction, strangulation, or distension and 9 control horses euthanatized for reasons other than gastrointestinal tract disease or systemic disease. PROCEDURE: Specimens were collected at surgery from intestine involved in the primary lesion and distant to the primary lesion site or at necropsy from several sites including the primary lesion site. Histologic tissue sections were stained with H&E, and apoptosis was detected by use of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique. The number of apoptotic cells per hpf was counted in the mucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, and serosa. RESULTS: Apoptotic nuclei were seen in all layers of intestine. An increased number of apoptotic cells was found in the circular muscle of the intestine from horses with simple obstruction, compared with strangulating obstruction or healthy intestine. Intestine distant from a primary strangulating lesion had higher numbers of apoptotic cells than did intestine distant from a simple obstructive lesion or intestine taken at the site of a strangulating or simple obstructive lesion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intestine from horses with obstructing or strangulating lesions in the small intestine and large colon had high numbers of apoptotic cells possibly because of ischemic cell injury and subsequent inflammation. Whether substantial apoptosis affects intestinal function is not yet known.

Animals↗