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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Allergic contact dermatitis to plants: an analysis of 68 patients tested at the Skin and Cancer Foundation.

Allergic contact dermatitis to plant allergens is a common problem in Australia. We present the cumulative experience of the Contact Dermatitis Clinic of the Skin and Cancer Foundation (Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia) a tertiary referral clinic. Results from a series of 68 patients with positive patch tests to 88 plant allergens are reported. We found that Grevillea species, Compositae, Rhus, Alstroemeria and various timber sawdusts were the most common plant allergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed2006

Community paediatrics: soft science or firm foundations?

Community paediatrics strives to integrate the biology of health into the social and psychological worlds within which children grow and develop. Consumer demand for limited community paediatric clinical services is increasing and medico-legal pressures escalate professional and personal concern. Meanwhile, the profession, through training and professional support, has struggled to keep up. Research into community paediatrics and its integration into policy and clinical practice remains limited, raising the perception that it is a 'soft' science. Our viewpoint is that necessary progress in this field requires leadership, apprenticeship and research. We argue that to build firm foundations for the future requires structures to enable clinical specialisation and continuing professional development in this area.

Australia↗
PubMed1984

Risk factors in Australians: National Heart Foundation's Risk Factor Prevalence Study, 1980.

The National Heart Foundation's Risk Factor Prevalence Survey in 1980 is described. Results for the prevalence of hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity and inactivity from the 1980 survey are presented. A second study was conducted in 1983 and a third is planned for 1986 or later. These surveys provide unique data on risk factors in Australians, and hold the prospect of determining trends which may be relevant to overall mortality trends in cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Marcelian charm in nursing practice: the unity of agape and eros as the foundation of an ethic of care.

In the nursing literature, a number of qualities are associated with loving care. Reference is made to, among other things, humility, attentiveness, responsibility and duty, compassion, and tenderness. The author attempts to show that charm, in the Marcelian sense, also plays a central role. It is argued that the moral foundation of charm is a unity of agape and eros. An impartial giving of the self for others is clearly of fundamental importance in an ethic of care. Including charm in the discussion points to the fact that eros also plays a crucial role. Eros produces a passion for people and for life. It is a physical and spiritual energy that animates a person in all facets of her life, including her caring work.

Altruism↗
PubMed1996

Expanding the theoretical foundation of differential urbanization.

"Recently, the concept of differential urbanization was introduced. It conceptually links the processes of urbanization, polarization reversal, and counterurbanization across the development spectrum in the First and Third Worlds. Based on supporting evidence in developed and less developed countries, this study expands the theoretical foundation of the concept by first focusing on a graphical analysis of the processes of urbanization, polarization reversal, and counterurbanization. Secondly, it looks into the explanations given for counterurbanization. Thirdly, factors likely to influence post-counterurban migration trends are discussed, and finally, the relevance of certain causes of differential urbanization given in the literature are explored."

Demography↗
PubMed1979

Menstrual characteristics of 2,343 women attending the Shepherd Foundation.

Menstrual characteristics of 2,343 women attending the Shepherd Foundation Health Testing Centre have been analyzed utilizing a computer system of data analysis. The incidence of menstrual pain was 43% and premenstrual tension 75%. The best estimate of normal cycle length was 21-35 days, 1.5% of women having cycles less than 21 days. The duration of menstrual loss was 1-7 days, 3% of women bleeding for more than 7 days. Utilizing the various responses to questions concerning menstrual and cycle length, menstrual pain and premenstrual tension, 150 patterns were found, the 10 most common patterns accounting for 40% of the population; most of the latter patterns included menstrual pain and premenstrual tension. Authorities disagree upon the definitions of normal menstruation and there are serious implications from the lack of knowledge in this area, both for the individual patient and the cost of health care. The formation of a health committee to determine national standards for defining normal menstruation is advocated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

First trimester ultrasound with nuchal translucency measurement for Down syndrome risk estimation using software developed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation, United Kingdom--the first 2000 examinations in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

In September 1997 screening for Down syndrome using first trimester ultrasound to measure nuchal translucency, with risk estimation by the software program developed in the United Kingdom by the Fetal Medicine Foundation, was introduced in Newcastle, New South Wales. In the first 2,000 such risk estimations 134 women (6.7 %) were screen positive (with a risk of greater than 1 in 300 at that gestation for Trisomy 21). In the first 1,000 of these 2,000 fetuses delivered thus far there were 8 cases of Trisomy 21, 2 of Trisomy 18 and 1 of 47 XXX. Nine of these 11 were screen positive, the only false negative results being for 2 cases of Trisomy 21. The detection rate for Trisomy 21 was 6 out of 8 (75%) and for every case of Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) detected by this process, 11.3 invasive tests would have been needed to make that diagnosis in a screen positive woman.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Problems of the health-impaired elderly: a foundation's experience in geriatrics.

Elderly people, particularly those over age 75, are subject to problems of access to needed health services, of the appropriateness of these services in relation to their needs, and of increasing infirmity, disability and dependency, with loss of their natural support systems. The proportion of health expenditures deployed to deal with the institutionalization and long-term requirements of elderly people is increasing in a national climate characterized by tightening constraints on public expenditures for health care under Medicare and Medicaid. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has accepted objectives and roles to find better ways to use what we already know to improve elderly people's access to health care, to improve their functional effectiveness, and to make their health care more affordable. The results of some of the programs it has supported represent innovative approaches and demonstrate ways in which we may accomplish these objectives.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Building academic geriatric capacity: an evaluation of the John A. Hartford Foundation Centers of Excellence initiative.

Almost 15 years ago, the John A. Hartford Foundation began its Centers of Excellence (CoE) program. In summer 2002, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the CoE program was conducted. The evaluation used previously collected quantitative data from surveys of program directors and graduates of fellowship programs, as well as interviews and surveys of currently funded CoEs. Since its inception, the CoE program has supported 163 geriatrics fellows, of whom 63% entered academic geriatrics. Almost half of these graduating fellows have gone to new academic institutions. CoEs have also supported 222 faculty, including some who were in disciplines other than geriatrics. The vast majority (82%) have remained in academics, and nearly two-thirds are currently in geriatrics. As the priorities and needs of the institutions and geriatrics programs changed, most centers shifted their CoE priorities. These changes predominantly took two forms: a refocus from one activity to another or an expansion of outreach or levels of support. Based upon this formal evaluation, the Hartford-supported CoE program has been successful in strengthening academic geriatrics, particularly in attracting, developing, and retaining geriatrics faculty.

California↗
PubMed1978

The scientific foundation of anti-psychiatry.

Anti-psychiatry has exerted a substantial influence on the thoughts of workers in the field of mental hygiene; on those of the psychiatrically trained, but even much more on those without psychiatric training. Consequently it seemed important to me to investigate the strength of the foundation of this school of thought. This has been the objective of this study. The point of crystallization of anti-psychiatry is the labelling theory on the origin of deviant behaviour. The scientific status of anti-psychiatry stands or falls with that of the labelling theory. Since this theory has not been formulated in verifiable hypotheses, I ventured to formulate "theses", and then tested these against empirical obtained data. The results of this study were largely negative. The empirical material does not support the labelling theory, and in many cases even contradicts it. Consequently anti-psychiatry--as a model to explain the development of psychological disorders--has not a leg to stand on. The labelling theory has had great merits as a "sensitizing theory". It has given momentum to innovative tendencies in psychiatry. Now that it has proved to be untenable on its principal points, however, it should be abandoned. It has become a rubber check, which has no scientific buying-power.

Attitude↗
PubMed1996

Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews: a foundation for evidence-based perinatal medicine.

The objective of this paper is to introduce the reader to clinical research methodologies and to illustrate how randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews provide a solid foundation for evidence-based perinatal practice. Relevant references were critically appraised for validity and usefulness. Random allocation is of utmost importance to avoid bias. There are thousands of reported perinatal RCTs. Systematic review techniques allow clinicians to assess the effectiveness of perinatal interventions. The application of the results of systematic reviews to perinatal practice is increasing. RCTs and systematic reviews provide the most valid results on which to build an evidence-based perinatal practice. A major challenge for perinatal researchers is the development of innovative means of communication. This assures that the evidence for an effective intervention is timely implemented. Consumers of care should be encouraged to actively participate in the design, execution and dissemination of perinatal research.

Bias↗
PubMed2002

National Kidney Foundation Guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification.

Chronic kidney disease is becoming more prevalent in the United States. The National Kidney Foundation has recently published a new set of guidelines to assist clinicians in providing earlier detection and treatment of kidney disease to minimize the progression to end-stage renal disease. As approximately 11% of the adult population has some degree of kidney disease, this new CPG should be applicable in many settings.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed2003

The National Science Foundation and the philosophy of chemistry.

Since its founding in 1950, the National Science Foundation has provided support for a variety of studies in history, philosophy, and social studies of science. The fact that a relatively small number of projects dealing with the philosophy of chemistry have received NSF support is due to the small number of such proposals that have been submitted. The NSF Science and Technology Studies Program (STS) welcomes proposals dealing with philosophy of chemistry.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

The impact of attributions in marriage: empirical and conceptual foundations.

Although a reliable association between attributions and concurrent marital satisfaction has been documented, the dominant role assigned to attributions in cognitively oriented accounts of marital dysfunction lacks a firm empirical foundation. To redress this imbalance, the major ideas guiding theoretical analyses of attributions in marriage are identified, namely, that attributions (a) initiate or maintain marital dissatisfaction and (b) mediate the behaviour exchanges characteristic of distressed and non-distressed marriages. Four studies are reported that provide initial support for these hypotheses. In view of these findings, the distinction between private and communicated attributions underlying this research is used to guide the development of an integrative framework relating attributions, behaviour and marital satisfaction. The relevance of this framework for future research and for marital therapy is discussed.

Communication↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of deformable and elastic foundation finite element simulations for predicting knee replacement mechanics.

Rigid body total knee replacement (TKR) models with tibiofemoral contact based on elastic foundation (EF) theory utilize simple contact pressure-surface overclosure relationships to estimate joint mechanics, and require significantly less computational time than corresponding deformable finite element (FE) methods. However, potential differences in predicted kinematics between these representations are currently not well understood, and it is unclear if the estimates of contact area and pressure are acceptable. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to develop rigid EF and deformable FE models of tibiofemoral contact, and to compare predicted kinematics and contact mechanics from both representations during gait loading conditions with three different implant designs. Linear and nonlinear contact pressure-surface overclosure relationships based on polyethylene material properties were developed using EF theory. All other variables being equal, rigid body FE models accurately estimated kinematics predicted by fully deformable FE models and required only 2% of the analysis time. As expected, the linear EF contact model sufficiently approximated trends for peak contact pressures, but overestimated the deformable results by up to 30%. The nonlinear EF contact model more accurately reproduced trends and magnitudes of the deformable analysis, with maximum differences of approximately 15% at the peak pressures during the gait cycle. All contact area predictions agreed in trend and magnitude. Using rigid models, edge-loading conditions resulted in substantial overestimation of peak pressure. Optimal nonlinear EF contact relationships were developed for specific TKR designs for use in parametric or repetitive analyses where computational time is paramount. The explicit FE analysis method utilized here provides a unique approach in that both rigid and deformable analyses can be run from the same input file, thus enabling simple selection of the most appropriate representation for the analysis of interest.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed2003

Clinical implementation of x-ray phase-contrast imaging: theoretical foundations and design considerations.

Theoretical foundation and design considerations of a clinical feasible x-ray phase contrast imaging technique were presented in this paper. Different from the analysis of imaging phase object with weak absorption in literature, we proposed a new formalism for in-line phase-contrast imaging to analyze the effects of four clinically important factors on the phase contrast. These are the body parts attenuation, the spatial coherence of spherical waves from a finite-size focal spot, and polychromatic x-ray and radiation doses to patients for clinical applications. The theory presented in this paper can be applied widely in diagnostic x-ray imaging procedures. As an example, computer simulations were conducted and optimal design parameters were derived for clinical mammography. The results of phantom experiments were also presented which validated the theoretical analysis and computer simulations.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2004

Theoretical foundation for real-time prostate localization using an inductively coupled transmitter and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer system.

Real-time, 3D localization of the prostate for intensity-modulated radiotherapy can be accomplished with passively charged radio frequency transmitters and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers. The overall system design consists of an external dipole antenna as a power source for charging a microchip implant transmitter and SQUID magnetometers for signal detection. An external dipole antenna charges an on-chip capacitor through inductive coupling in the near field region through a small implant inductor. The charge and discharge sequence between the external antenna and the implant circuit can be defined by half duplex, full duplex, or sequential operations. The resulting implant discharge current creates an alternating magnetic field through the inductor. The field is detected by the surrounding magnetometers, and the location of the implant transmitter can be calculated. Problems associated with this system design are interrelated with the signal strength at the detectors, detector sensitivity, and charge time of the implant capacitor. The physical parameters required for optimizing the system for real-time applications are the operating frequency, implant inductance and capacitance, the external dipole current and loop radius, the detector distance, and mutual inductance. Consequently, the sequential operating mode is the best choice for real-time localization for constraints requiring positioning within 1 s due to the mutual inductance and detector sensitivity. We present the theoretical foundation for designing a real-time, 3D prostate localization system including the associated physical parameters and demonstrate the feasibility and physical limitations for such a system.

Computer Simulation↗