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PubMed1975

An expansion and compression technique for reducing and stabilizing proximal epiphyseal fractures of the tibia in foals.

Proximal tibial epiphyseal fractures in 2 foals were reduced and stabilized by expansion and compression between 2 transversely placed Steinman pins, one on each side of the fracture. A Charnley apparatus or turnbuckles placed between the pins on each side of the fracture provided the mechanical advantage for repositioning the fracture fragments and achieving rigid fixation during healing. A light cast was applied over the fixation apparatus, keeping the limb in an extended position. The cast and fixation apparatus were removed after 4 weeks. The technique allowed rapid healing and adequate ambulation. The foals had functional, straight hindlimbs 6 months after the fractures occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Epiphysitis in beef cattle fattened on slatted floors.

A syndrome which causes severe lameness and affects the fetlock area of the hind limbs was recently encountered in beef cattle housed on slatted floors. This condition does not appear to have been reported to others. On radiological and pathological examination of the limb, a lesion of epiphysitis was found in the distal epiphysis of the metatarsus. The clinical, radiological and pathological features are reported and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of glucose-1 phosphate calcium on the epiphyseal cartilage of the rat.

Electron microscopic investigations were carried out on the proximal tibial epiphyseal cartilage of albino rats treated with 2 mg G-1-P-Ca daily for one and three weeks. The treatment--enhanced the secretory activity of the upper cells of the zone of maturing cartilage with a consequential enlargement of the Golgi region, depletion of secretory products, and an increase in the number of microtubuli. --In addition, the treatment increased the number of matrix vesicles in the extracellular space showing incipient calcification. This findings confirm the earlier light micriscopic observation of the calcification stimulating effect of G-1-P-Ca.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of matrix vesicles and their role in the calcification of epiphyseal cartilage.

Extracellular matrix vesicles, which have been shown to be associated with initial calcification of cartilage, were isolated, characterized, and studied with 45calcium isotope to determine whether they could form mineral in vitro. It was found that the isolated matrix vesicles contain a phosphatase, active at neutral pH, which has a very wide specificity and will hydrolyze a variety of nucleotide triphosphates, diphosphates, monophosphates, and other phosphate-containing substrate and metabolites. Acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D were found to be in the cell fractions, in lysosomes; these enzymes are not present in matrix vesicles and this is additional evidence for the difference between matrix vesicles and lysosomes. Matrix vesicles were found to take up 45Ca even in the presence of low levels of Ca and P1 and also to facilitate precipitation of hydroxylapatite when incubated under physiological conditions in the presence of ATP and other phosphate-containing substrates. Systematic electron probe analysis of a septum of epiphyseal cartilage indicates that matrix vesicles gradually accumulate calcium and then phosphorus and thus facilitate the advance of the calcification front. Adjoinging nonvesicular matrix in the hypertrophic zone, cell cytoplasm, and cell processes had very low levels of calcium and phosphorus in a region where matrix vesicles showed high levels of these elements. New concepts are put forward that take accounts of these findings which provide a better understanding of the sequence of mineralization in growth cartilage.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severely displaced proximal humeral epiphyseal fractures.

The purpose of this study was to document the late outcome of a group of patients with Neer grade III/IV proximal humeral physeal fractures who were treated with reduction of the fracture and maintenance of reduction until fracture consolidation. A total of 28 patients treated between 1984 and 1999 at a large children's hospital were included in this study. Nineteen of the 28 patients were 15 years or older (range 5-16 y). All patients were treated in the operating room with closed reduction followed by immobilization (n = 3), closed reduction and pin fixation (n = 20), open reduction and screw fixation (n = 3), or open reduction and pin fixation (n = 2). Postoperatively, all had Neer grade I or II displacement, which was maintained until fracture union. No operative or postoperative complications occurred. At an average follow-up of 4 years, all patients had near-normal glenohumeral motion and excellent strength and uniformly reported regaining full preinjury functional use of the involved extremity. Achieving and maintaining reduction in Neer grade III/IV proximal humeral epiphyseal fractures can be safely performed and results in excellent long-term shoulder function. This is of particular significance in the older adolescent who has minimal remodeling potential.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth following epiphyseal arrest. A simple method of calculation.

Four straight-line equations are derived from standard charts of growth remaining at normal epiphyses. Calculations made from these easily memorized formulas are a guide to the proper age for epiphysiodesis in children with leg length discrepancy.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The epiphyseal dysplasias.

The epiphyseal dysplasias are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by defective or excessive bone formation in the secondary ossification centers of the tubular bones and sometimes the vertebrae. Most of them are caused by the defective action of mutant genes. Their pathogenesis is unknown. Differentiation of the various entities in this group is essential for the proper management and genetic counseling of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epiphyseal primary location for osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma in patients with open physis.

Conventional osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most common childhood malignant tumors of bone. These tumors arise in the metaphysis and diaphysis of long bones and may extend secondarily into the epiphysis. Primary epiphyseal location for these tumors is rare and may constitute a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The authors report two skeletally immature patients with an osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma limited to the epiphysis. Clinical, radiographic and histopathologic findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex variation at the time of sonographic appearance of the proximal tibial epiphyseal ossification center.

The time of sonographic appearance of the proximal tibial epiphyseal ossification center and its sexual variation was assessed in 659 normal pregnancies. Proximal tibial center appears between 34-37 weeks gestation. In female fetuses, it appears between 34-35 weeks and in males, between 35-36 weeks (P < 0.001). There was a tendency of female proximal tibial center appearance to precede male appearance, by approximately one week. This difference, however, didn't show statistical significance.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term results of leg length discrepancy treated with temporary epiphyseal stapling in children with juvenile chronic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively the long-term efficacy of temporary stapling of the knee epiphyses over four decades of use in children with JCA. METHODS: Medical data of the patients with temporary epiphyseodesis due to leg length discrepancy (LLD) were studied. Seventeen knees in 17 patients were found with sufficient follow-up data for evaluation. Patient documents and radiographs of these patients were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of the operation was 11 years (range: 6-15) in 3 males and 14 females. The preoperative mean LLD was 21 mm (SD 8) and at staple removal 4 mm (SD 10). The difference was -17 mm (95% CI: -10 to -23). Statistically the result remained the same during the follow-up. Two reversible complications were documented among the 17 stapled knees. In five (29%) cases the correction was affected by re-occurrence of LLD quickly after removal of the staples. CONCLUSION: In this study with 17 patients and a wide range of follow-up times we found that the good correction of LLD achieved by stapling is usually permanent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Distal humeral epiphyseal separation.

Distal humeral epiphyseal separation is an uncommon injury that is often misdiagnosed upon initial presentation. To make a timely, correct diagnosis, the treating physician must have a thorough understanding of basic anatomical relationships and an awareness of the existence of this injury. This is a case of a child who sustained a separation of the distal humeral epiphysis, as well as multiple other bony injuries, secondary to child abuse.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1992

[Limb lengthening with epiphyseal and callus distraction using the Wiesbaden ring fixator].

Treatment of unequal leg-length can either be operative or conservative. The historical development and devices for ring fixation are discussed. The surgical technique is described in detail along with the post-operative care in cases of epiphyseal distraction and callus distraction with a ring fixator. The article closes with the advantages of the method and its possible complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The treatment of diaphyso-epiphyseal tumours by local resection with the preservation of joint movement. A report of four cases (author's transl)].

Four cases of epiphyseal tumours were treated by the authors by local resection. In two cases, there was a giant-cell tumour of the lower end of the femur, in one case a giant-cell tumour of the lower end of the radius and in one case a juxta-cortical sarcoma of the lower end of the radius. In the two cases involving the knees, resection preserved the articular surface and the subchondral bone. Reconstruction was achieved by a cortical autograft. In all cases, painless joint movement was preserved with satisfactory muscle power.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Idiopathic necrosis of the femoral epiphyseal nucleus in rats.

To study the cause of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the site and mechanism of the occlusion of the blood vessels feeding the femoral head were investigated histologically and microangiographically. Tracing the blood vessels using serial sections revealed that the lateral epiphyseal vessels disappeared immediately before entry into the ossific nucleus. As the reparative process advanced, the blood vessels from the lateral side of the head entered the ossific nucleus again. To investigate the relationship between osteonecrosis and mechanical stress on the femoral head, some treatments to reduce mechanical stress were applied, and the frequency of the femoral head lesions, such as osteonecrosis, disturbed ossification, and abnormality of the growth plate, was compared among the groups of treatments for stress relief. The incidence of femoral head lesions was found to be directly proportional to the mechanical stress working on the area, as was evident from a decrease in the incidence of osteonecrosis as a result of reduction of mechanical stress. Thus, the obstruction of the vessels in the lateral part of the femoral head might result from the breakdown of cartilage caused by the mechanical stress on the femoral head.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epiphyseal-thyroid interrelations: effect of calcitonin on indole metabolism in health and in the presence of an excess of thyroid hormones].

A new regularity was established in a study of epiphyseal thyroid interrelationships: the opposite effect of the thyroid hormones (thyroxin and calcitonin) on the formation of methoxyindoles (melatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine) in the epiphysis. Thyroxin was shown to stimulate and calcitonin to inhibit O-methylation of serotonin in the pineal gland, and combined administration of both hormones levelled their action on one another. The inhibitory effect of calcitonin was more marked if a high basal level of melatonin was stimulated by preliminary administration of thyroxin. The authors assume that such a double control of the thyroid is "protective" for the epiphysis, preventing rapid depletion of reserves in case of excessive saturation of the body with thyroid hormones and maintaining its function in case of a sharp rise of the blood level of calcitonin.

5-Methoxytryptamine↗
PubMed1991

[Primary epiphyseal osteomyelitis in children].

A 4-year-old boy was hospitalized for suspected hematogenous osteomyelitis of the distal femur. Bone scan and repeated radiographs showed a rare condition, primary epiphyseal osteomyelitis. Needle biopsy and aspiration were negative. Penbritin and orbenil, 2 g of each, gave complete clinical and radiographic healing 7 weeks after initial treatment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

[Autogenous transplantation of pedicle iliac crest epiphysis to epiphyseal defect of joint. An experimental study in puppy].

In 24 immature dogs, autogenous iliac-crest apophyseal graft was transplanted into the defect created in epiphysis of the femoral head. The dogs were divided into 2 group. In the group I, the graft was pedicled with circumflex iliac vessels. In the group II, the same technique was used without pedicle. All the animals were followed up for 1-6 months. The specimens were studied by macroscopic, histological, histochemical and electron-microscopical examinations. The examinations revealed that the pedicle grafts survived with good remodelling in joint defects. The ossification of the iliac-crest physis seemed to be normal. The superficial part of the graft did not undergo ossification, and the histologic structure of the graft was similar to the articular cartilage of the femoral head. It is possible to reconstruct a joint surface and to repair the epiphyseal defect of joint.

Animals↗