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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Effect of chlorine-containing pesticides on the hemolytic stability and acetylcholinesterase activity of erythrocytes].

The hemolytic action of the chlorine-containing pesticides, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), pentachlorophenolate (PCP), chlorophos and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) on red cells was studied, as were their effects on acetylcholinesterase activity and resistance of red cells to mechanical hemolysis by ultrasound. The modifying action of pesticides on red cell membranes was shown to lead to their mechanical resistance. TCA, PCP and chlorophos were found to sensitize red cells whereas PCNB to make them resistant to the mechanical action of ultrasound. The kinetic characteristics of the structural functional disorders of red cells might be used as quantitative criteria of the efficacy of the action of pesticides on the cells.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1981

Serum and red cell cholinesterase activity in people exposed to organophosphate insecticides.

Serum and red cell cholinesterase activities were determined in 2 groups of subjects namely:-I) a group of 10 patients who took organophosphate insecticide and were admitted into the hospital for treatment and II) a group of 65 workers from an organophosphate insecticide factory. Serum cholinesterase levels were considerably depressed in all patients in group I and one patient died. The low serum cholinesterase activities increased very slowly and were still very low on day 4 of admission. Serum cholinesterase level in 65 workers were significantly lower than that of the normal subjects. The exposed subjects had still further lower serum cholinesterase activity than those of the non-exposed subjects. There was no significant difference between their red cell cholinesterase activities and those of the normal subjects. Serum and red cell cholinesterase levels in these workers also showed no correlation to the duration of insecticide exposure. These findings indicated that serum cholinesterase activity was a good diagnostic aid in acute exposure because it responded more rapidly than red cell cholinesterase level but it was not sensitive for follow up of the treatment since its recovery rate was too slow. Findings of low serum cholinesterase with normal red cell cholinesterase levels without signs or symptoms of toxicity indicated that these workers had been exposed to some degree of organophosphate insecticides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The use of BCG as immunoadjuvant in combination with antitumor drugs in a virus induced leukemia. II].

Various treatment schedules of BCG with respect to tumor challenge and drug administration were applied in a histocompatible tumor-host system. LSTRA, an ascitic lymphoma induced by Moloney leukemia virus in BALB/c mice, was inoculated ip in histocompatible CD2F1 mice. BCG was administered ip before and/or after (-14, +1, -14+1) the tumor challenge. The drugs used in our experiments: cyclophosphamide (CY), iphosphamide (IPHO), nitrogen mustard (NM), were given at graded doses on day +5. In our experimental system the BCG treatment schedule (-14+1) only showed synergistic antitumor effects at defined doses: only the association BCG-CY have no significant survival percentage increase. No synergistic antitumor activity was evidenced when the drugs were associated with BCG given 14 days before or 1 day after the tumor challenge. The degree of immunochemotherapy treatment efficacy was different according to various antineoplastic agents used. It was never found any treatment schedule was able to cure experimental mice with the best survival percentage increase.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Coefficient of distribution of some organophosphorous pesticides in rat tissue.

Coefficient of distribution in tissue is proposed as an indicator of the affinity of xenobiotics for different tissues and their tendency to accumulate. The present study shows the distribution of some organophosphorous pesticides in rat tissues. Using the coefficient of distribution we established the preference of these insecticides for the various tissues. Each pesticide had a specific pattern of affinity for different tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

[Reactive derivatives of oligonucleotide phosphorothioate analogs. I. Selective activation of terminal phosphates and preparation of phosphamide derivatives of oligonucleotide phosphorothioate analogs].

Selective activation of the terminal phosphates of oligonucleotide analogs containing internucleotide phosphorothioate groups was carried out using the triphenylphosphine-dipyridyldisulfide reducing-oxidizing pair. This formed the basis for a new method of synthesizing various derivatives of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide analogs. Using this method, zwitterionic 3'-phosphamide derivatives of di- and trinucleotide phosphorothioates TpsTp and TpsTpsTp containing the 4-dimethylaminopyridine or N-methylimidazole residues were synthesized. The derivatives reacted almost quantitatively with amines to form, within 5-10 min, the corresponding 3'-phosphamides without cleavage of the internucleotide phosphorothioate groups. Alkylating derivatives of phosphorothioates TpsTp(N(CH3)CH2RCl) and TpsTpsTp(N(CH3)CH2RCl) (RCl = -C6H4N(CH3)CH2CH2Cl) were also synthesized by the proposed method. The internucleotide phosphorothioate residues of the oligonucleotide analogs were stable during the synthesis in DMF. The activity of the alkylating RCl groups in the synthesized compounds was maintained at 85-90%.

Dimethoate↗
PubMed1995

[Antimutagenic protection of the human genetic system in acute intoxication].

The results of clinical studies and model experiments have shown that human genome damages are widely spread in patients with acute intoxication. For neutralization of the negative effects, biologically active compounds-antimutagens, alpha-tocopherol, and new plant mutagen were used. The application of antimutagens has been found to increase the level of genetic damages induced by acute intoxication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of omethoate and fenitrothion absorption in greenhouse workers using protective equipment in confined areas].

Sprayers and workers engaged in manual operations in a greenhouse were monitored for exposure to omethoate and fenitrothion. Urinary dialkyl phosphates (dimethyl thiophosphate and dimethyl phosphate) were used as biological index of exposure to the two chemicals. Residues of fenitrothion on foliage were measured as well as levels of fenitrothion and omethoate in air samples collected in the breathing zone (personal sampling) and in the work-place near the entrance and the end of the greenhouse (static sampling). Skin exposure was estimated from pads placed on the thorax under overalls and from hand washing liquid at the end of the workshift. Sprayers wore respiratory and skin protection during the workshift. Workers engaged in manual operations did not wear respiratory protection. Re-entry to the greenhouse was permitted 48 h after spraying. Levels of omethoate and fenitrothion in air samples, on pads and on the hands, during manual operations on ornamental plants, were very low. Urine analysis shoved no significant difference between the pre- and post-exposure samples. No significant difference was found between levels of urinary dialkyl phosphates in the control group and exposed workers. Cholinesterase activity (acetyl and butyryl) showed no significant reduction at the end of the workshift compared with baseline values.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of organophosphorus compounds on esterases in rat intestine- a comparing histochemical and biochemical investigation (author's transl)].

The effect of 5 organophosphorus pesticids on the rat intestine and serum was investigated with histochemical and biochemical methods. The results of both methods were corresponding in nonspecific esterases of rat intestine. They differ in cholinesterases. Furthermore the effect on serum esterases of rat and man was investigated. With few exceptions the results corresponded too. We concluded, that the intestine is a suitable object for testing antiesterase action histochemically. General statements about total toxicity of a pesticid, however, are not possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Relationship between the cytogenetic effect of different concentrations of thiophosphamide and phosphemide and the duration of their contact with human lymphocytes].

The effect of thiophosphamide at conccentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mcg/ml and phosphamide at concentrations of 35 and 50 mck/ml on human lymphocyte chromosomes at different time of the contact was investigated. The experiments were carried out at GO phase (before adding FGA) at 37 degrees C from 10 to 240 minutes. The fixation was made within 58th hour. A mathematical model, satisfactory describing experimental data on the reaction of mutagen-chromosome interaction during the time of exposition, is suggested. According to this model, the following equation are obtained: rho = (1 - e-(alpha+Kt))2; chi = (see article), where rho is a portion of aberrant cells, chi is the average number of breaks per cell, t is the time of exposition of mutagens with cells, alpha and K are coefficients. Breaks induced by thiophosphamide and phosphamide are distributed among cells according to geometrical parameter under any experimental conditions. The portion of chromatid breaks did not change at any exposition time for both mutagens and remained on the level of 76,53%. The proportion of symmetric and asymmetric exchanges under different experimental conditions did not differe from 1 : 1. The prabability of the formation of complete exchanges in the case of the action of thiophosphamide was higher than in the case of phesphamide.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1993

Modificatory effect of vitamin C and vitamin B-complex on meiotic inhibition induced by organophosphorus pesticide in mice Mus musculus.

Administration of organophosphorous pesticide Malathion and Rogor (both @ 0.2 micrograms/kg body wt/day) upto ten days was found to decrease the division rate in the primary spermatocytes of mice. The concurrent administration of vitamin B-complex (0.3 ml of 1% polybion) or ascorbic acid (0.25 ml of 1% Redoxon) with the pesticide could nullify the meiotic inhibition caused by the pesticides. The vitamins were not found to produce any significant effect on the division rate. Possible mechanism(s) behind this vitamin mediated nullification of meiotic inhibition are discussed.

Animals↗