Deadly & deceptive.
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Pressure to fund Herceptin (trastuzumab) for use in early-stage breast cancer is a welcome development for those patients who may benefit. However such a decision would have major implications since the health gains made by trastuzumab come at a very high cost (when compared to health gains achieved by other drugs currently funded on PHARMAC's schedule). The budget for trastuzumab (estimated to be NZ30m dollars/annum but this is currently being negotiated) will be funded from district health board (DHB) budgets, which will impact other patients unless DHB budgets are appropriately increased. In comparative terms, this proposed expenditure is almost the same as what is currently being spent on all other oncology agents together, and is similar to the total cost of hospital services in New Zealand regions such as Wairarapa and Marlborough.
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The August 2006 Toronto conference of about 25,000 people had no major controversies--but serious concerns about problems and inadequacies in the response to the global epidemic.
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Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) was diagnosed in 15 patients from the southern and eastern part of Friesland (the Netherlands). Twelve patients had one leg affected; three had more than one extremity involved. Frequent complaints were fatigue, paraesthesia, swelling and blue discoloration. The symptoms persisted for many years in most cases. The inflammatory stage was observed most frequently (13/15): violet-blue erythema, oedema, firm swelling and nodules. Atrophy (4/15) was observed once in the form of a scleroderma-like lesion. Neuropathy was found in five patients. Histological investigation showed infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells (13/15) and atrophy (2/15). Spirochaetes were demonstrated in biopsies of 13 patients. Specific antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi were found in all patients. ACA appears to be not infrequent and must be distinguished from other inflammatory and vascular diseases, such as chronic venous insufficiency.
The authors report 6 cases of acute respiratory failure complicating chronic bronchial and lung disease admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of: heart disease, 3 cases, pulmonary oedema, pulmonary embolism, atrial flutter; status asthmaticus : one case; neuro-psychiatric disease : 2 cases (toxic coma and agitation). The authors emphasize the frequency of chronic bronchial disease and recall the signs of acute decompensation discussing the possible difficulties in diagnosis and the therapeutic implications.
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Use of the colposcope for vulvar and vaginal examination in four cases of long-standing vulvodynia led to the identification of lesions with an unusual appearance. In the vulvar vestibule, epithelial projections resembling cactus, camel humps or stony colonial pavement were observed. In the vagina, the lesions looked more like cerebral folds. Biopsies of these lesions showed histopathologic changes diagnostic of human papillomavirus infection, scored according to Reid's criteria. In one case, capsid antigen was detected with the peroxidase technique in the nuclei of the superficial cells. Past history and positive findings in the sexual partners of some of the patients suggested long-standing herpesvirus activity in the lower genital tract. In some cases of recalcitrant vulvodynia, colposcopic examination of the vulva and vagina may lead to a viral explanation for symptoms previously considered psychosomatic in origin.