Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Data Science”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Searching the MEDLARS file on NLM and BRS a comparative study.

A comparison of the MEDLARS data base as it is currently available from the National Library of Medicine and Bibliographic Retrieval Services (BRS), Inc., is presented in chart format, and some major capability differences between the two systems are highlighted. The information inlcuded justifies the dual availability of the data base in health sciences libraries. This paper is intended for searchers and others familiar with one or both systems. Administrators considering the acquisition of the BRS system may find the study useful.

MEDLARS↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral science in family medicine residencies: Part I. Teachers and curricula. The STFM Task Force on Behavioral Science.

A survey was conducted of all members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine to describe teachers, curricula, and teacher satisfaction in family medicine residency behavioral science education. The response rate was approximately 60% of eligible individuals. Family medicine teachers divide themselves into behavioral scientists, family physicians, both, program directors, and other faculty members. Behavioral scientists are most often psychologists or social workers, have been teaching family medicine a relatively short time, and are more likely to be female than the other groups. Behavioral science curricula emphasize counseling, interviewing, and family dynamics. Satisfaction with behavioral curricula is high.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral science in family medicine residencies: Part II. Teacher roles, relationships, and rewards. The STFM Task Force on Behavioral Science.

A survey of members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine provided information about roles, relationships, and rewards for teachers involved in family medicine residency behavioral science education. Family physicians and behavioral scientists perceive their own roles in behavioral teaching and patient care as greater than is perceived by the other group. All groups of respondents see a continued need for collaborative behavioral teaching, patient care, and research. Interpersonal rewards reported emphasize family physicians learning from behavioral scientists. Frustrations reflect personal style, use of jargon, and a sense that the other group does not understand important aspects of one's work. Income is markedly greater for family physicians than behavioral scientists. Most behavioral scientists responding plan to remain in family medicine teaching.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMed1973

MEDLARS II: a review.

The MEDLARS II effort, as it was developed until June 1971, is reviewed in terms of the overall planning process. How MEDLARS I was approached by NLM is discussed first and its objectives used for comparison. Certain technical, managerial, and intellectual aspects are outlined as types of problems encountered in designing MEDLARS II. While improvement upon the MEDLARS I seemed to be the main reason for planning a MEDLARS II, objectives became blurred and divergent as the project went along. The complexities of creating a central computerized data base of health sciences bibliographic information and library functional activities for nationwide use were underappreciated and remain a challenge to NLM.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

The participant-observer approach to research in mental retardation.

Participant-observation, which calls for long-term immersion in the world of the persons being studied yet disciplined detachment from that world, has long been utilized in various social sciences. This method of data collection was seldom used in the study of mentally retarded people until recent years; however, it has now been employed in the study of many aspects of the lives of these people and their families. Although this method of research is expensive and time consuming, it has the advantage of allowing investigators to learn how people actually behave in a variety of contexts and to grasp the meaning these activities have for them.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship between physical activity and health examination variables in male workers--new methods to assess physical activity and their applications to epidemiologic research].

Few epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular diseases have been performed in Japan. To quantify the physical activity of individuals, a 24-hour activity record was developed to calculate 24-hour energy expenditure for use in an epidemiologic survey. Major physical activity was recorded every 15 minutes during a day and the relative metabolic rate for each physical activity was adopted from data of the Labor Science Institute in Japan. The 24-hour energy expenditure per body surface area was used as an index of physical activity. Reproducibility of this index was examined by retesting subsamples 3 months apart, and good results were confirmed. The association between physical activity and health examination variables was analyzed for the 319 male workers aged 40-49 in Osaka, Kochi, and Akita Prefecture. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure per body surface area was positively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake and negatively correlated with skinfold thickness, resting heart rate, logarithm of triglyceride, hemoglobin and uric acid. In addition, a newly developed questionnaire on physical activity with 11 questions was administered in Osaka on 1819 male factory workers aged 40-49. From multiple regression analysis, three questions were shown to be significant predictors of 24-hour energy expenditure per body surface area--1. "What percentage of work time is spent on your feet?" 2. "When climbing three floors, which do you usually choose, the stairs or the escalator?", 3. "How long are you involved in heavy physical labor each day?" The daily physical activity score estimated using the regression equation showed good reproducibility in retesting a year apart. Controlling for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking, the score was negatively correlated to skinfold thickness, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, total cholesterol, logarithm of triglyceride, hemoglobin, and uric acid; and was positively correlated to HDL-cholesterol. This cross-sectional study shows that in Japanese there is a significant relationship between physical activity and some health examination variables, and also that the survey methods to estimate physical activity can be useful for further epidemiologic studies in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Genetic neuroepidemiology].

Many human diseases result from the combined effect of several genetic and non genetic factors. Thanks to the development of powerful tools for molecular analysis, researchers in recent years have begun to uncover the genes behind such multifactorial neurologic and systemic disorders as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and diabetes. Likewise investigators have been able to confirm that the course of these diseases and their clinical manifestations depend on the concurrence in the same individual of specific genetic variations. Because each gene confers a certain degree of predisposition to a specific disease, they are therefore called susceptibility genes. The search for and analysis of susceptibility genes in defined populations is termed genetic epidemiology. This multidisciplinary science is providing valuable data that further our understanding and ability to diagnose of disorders of the nervous system. It also enables us to predict the clinical course of disease in a given patient with a high degree of reliability, even when no clinical signs are yet evident.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Pattern of outpatient laboratory service consumption in a teaching hospital in Gondar, Ethiopia.

A one year laboratory service analysis for outpatient service consumers of Gondar College of Medical Sciences Hospital was done. Data were gathered through a daily registry prospectively. 17,471 patients visited the laboratory between October 1994 and September 1995. 47.9% were from Gondar town. 72.5% paid for the services. Children under 15 made up only 11.8% of service consumers. In the year, a total of 27,982 laboratory tests were requested, 48% of which were in urinalysis and parasitology. Most of the requests could be handled by upgraded peripheral laboratories leaving room for the unit to act as a training and back-up centre.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Posterosuperior glenoid rim impingement as a cause of shoulder pain in top level waterpolo players.

OBJECTIVE: To further define the impingement occurring between the undersurface of the rotator cuff and the posterosuperior glenoid rim as a cause of shoulder pain in waterpolo athletes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A prospective design was used in the last three years. SETTING: Data were collected in Science Sports Institute of Rome. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven top level waterpolo players of both sexes all members of Italian National Waterpolo teams complaining of shoulder pain. INTERVENTION: All the eleven cases were previously examined with clinical test and X-ray and MR imaging in conventional and functional views, and then underwent arthroscopy. RESULTS: In four cases, X-ray showed erosions of the posterosuperior glenoid and in 5 cases, osteochondral defects on the posterior aspect of humeral head. In eleven cases, MR detected posterosuperior labral damages, partial tears of the undersurface of the rotator cuff and posterosuperior glenoid impingement. Furthermore arthroscopy detected in all cases the pathological findings associated with the posterosuperior glenoid impingement. CONCLUSIONS: Even if the shoulder pain in the overhead athlete may be multifactorial, this study provides further evidence that the posterosuperior glenoid impingement may be the major cause of shoulder pain in waterpolo athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Hemispheric specialization for spatial frequency processing in the analysis of natural scenes.

Experimental data coming from visual cognitive sciences suggest that visual analysis starts with a parallel extraction of different visual attributes at different scales/frequencies. Neuropsychological and functional imagery data have suggested that each hemisphere (at the level of temporo-parietal junctions-TPJ) could play a key role in spatial frequency processing: The right TPJ should predominantly be involved in low spatial frequency (LFs) analysis and the left TPJ in high spatial frequency (HFs) analysis. Nevertheless, this functional hypothesis had been inferred from data obtained when using the hierarchical form paradigm, without any explicit spatial frequency manipulation per se. The aims of this research are (i) to investigate, in healthy subjects, the hemispheric asymmetry hypothesis with an explicit manipulation of spatial frequencies of natural scenes and (ii) to examine whether the 'precedence effect' (the relative rapidity of LFs and HFs processing) depends on the visual field of scene presentation or not. For this purpose, participants were to identify either non-filtered or LFs and HFs filtered target scene displayed either in the left, central, or right visual field. Results showed a hemispheric specialization for spatial frequency processing and different 'precedence effects' depending on the visual field of presentation.

Cognition↗
PubMed2003

Time spent with patients and charges to patients for specialty consultations using telemedicine.

The objective of this work was to determine some of the determinants of cost in teleconsultations as compared to face-to-face consultations. Time spent with patients and estimated costs were modeled using time series data from a university Health Science Center located in West Texas. This center provides education, patient care, community service and research to a 109 county area. Data, collected from 184 consecutive telemedical consultations, included patient, primary care provider and specialist characteristics; time spent with patients; and estimated charges. More time was spent with patients if: payment was through private insurance, more specialists were involved in the consult, or the specialist had practiced medicine longer. Consultations took less time if the specialist was a neonatologist, and less time if the specialist recently completed medical training. Estimated charges to patients were higher if: the consult was longer in duration, multiple specialists were involved, the patient was female, the consultation involved endocrinology or dermatology, or the patient came from a rural community. Charges were lower for consults involving a neonatologist. Estimated charges were determined primarily by time spent with the patient and the kind of specialist involved, with time being the more important of the two factors. Telemedicine consultations required less time for patients with private insurance or those seeing a neonatologist. Broad or complex cases requiring multiple specialists required more interaction time. The more time and more specialists involved, the more potentially costly the teleconsultation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Premedical and predental enrichment program for minority students, 1969-1996, at Meharry Medical College.

From 1969 through 1996, Meharry Medical College offered the Biomedical Sciences Program, an eight-week summer premedical and predental enrichment program designed to increase the enrollment of minority students in health professions schools. The program focused on preparing undergraduates to pursue health professions careers by providing specially designed courses in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and scientific communications, as well as interactions with clinical faculty. The curriculum emphasized academic preparation, including structured course work in the classroom, assigned homework every night, and scheduled activities with clinicians. (The program merged with two other outreach programs in 1996 and is now part of the Health Careers Opportunity Pre-Baccalaureate Program.) From 1969 to 1996, 1,015 students participated in the program, and over the years 43% of them responded to tracking surveys. Of these 445 respondents, 70% (310) applied to professional schools, of whom 83% (257) applied to medical, 15% (46) to dental, and 2% (10) to graduate schools. Of the 257 who applied to medical schools, 70% (198) were admitted and all of them graduated. Of the 46 who applied to dental schools, all were admitted and graduated; and of the ten who applied to graduate schools, all were accepted and received PhD degrees in the biomedical sciences. Of particular note, 67% (172) of the applicants who were admitted to professional schools matriculated at Meharry Medical College. These data suggest that the Biomedical Sciences Program used effective strategies that increased the number of underrepresented-minority students entering health professions careers.

Education, Predental↗
PubMed2001

A Short Copper-Copper Distance in a (µ-1,2-Peroxo)dicopper(II) Complex Having a 1,8-Naphthyridine Unit as an Additional Bridge This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. We thank A. M. Barrios for help in acquiring resonance Raman spectra. X-ray absorption spectroscopic data were measured at SSRL. SSRL is funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the National Institute of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program, and by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2004 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel.

CONTEXT: Substantial changes in the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment have occurred in the last 2 years, prompting revision of the guidelines for antiretroviral management of adults with established HIV infection. OBJECTIVE: To update recommendations for physicians who provide HIV care regarding when to start antiretroviral therapy, what drugs to start with, when to change drug regimens, and what drug regimens to switch to after therapy fails. DATA SOURCES: Evidence was identified and reviewed by a 16-member noncompensated panel of physicians with expertise in HIV-related basic science and clinical research, antiretroviral therapy, and HIV patient care. The panel was designed to have broad US and international representation for areas with adequate access to antiretroviral management. STUDY SELECTION: Evidence considered included published basic science, clinical research, and epidemiological data (identified by experts in the field or extracted through MEDLINE searches using terms relevant to antiretroviral therapy) and abstracts from HIV-oriented scientific conferences between July 2002 and May 2004. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were reviewed to identify any information that might change previous guidelines. Based on panel discussion, guidelines were drafted by a writing committee and discussed by the panel until consensus was reached. DATA SYNTHESIS: Four antiretroviral drugs recently have been made available and have broadened the options for initial and subsequent regimens. New data allow more definitive recommendations for specific drugs or regimens to include or avoid, particularly with regard to initial therapy. Recommendations are rated according to 7 evidence categories, ranging from I (data from prospective randomized clinical trials) to VII (expert opinion of the panel). CONCLUSION: Further insights into the roles of drug toxic effects, drug resistance, and pharmacological interactions have resulted in additional guidance for strategic approaches to antiretroviral management.

Adult↗