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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

PATER: a program for parenthood diagnosis.

Spectacular progress has been made within the last 20 years in the knowledge of the human polymorphism. These data, observed on a father-mother-child triplet provides aid to the decision for the parenthood diagnosis for either the purpose of forensic medicine as the validation of data files in genetic research. This work gives an algorithm of parenthood diagnosis which achieve logical verifications and various calculating while occupying very little place in central memory. We propose a tool for decision-making, the exclusion percentage and we determine the most efficient sequence having the least cost to use these systems sequentially and to stop the verification by a given decision threshold.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer programming for nucleic acid studies. II. Total chemical shifts calculation of all protons of double-stranded helices.

A FORTRAN computer program called SHIFTS is described. Through SHIFTS, one can calculate the NMR chemical shifts of the proton resonances of single and double-stranded nucleic acids of known sequences and of predetermined conformations. The program can handle RNA and DNA for an arbitrary sequence of a set of 4 out of the 6 base types A,U,G,C,I and T. Data files for the geometrical parameters are available for A-, A'-, B-, D- and S-conformations. The positions of all the atoms are calculated using a modified version of the SEQ program [1]. Then, based on this defined geometry three chemical shift effects exerted by the atoms of the neighboring nucleotides on the protons of each monomeric unit are calculated separately: the ring current shielding effect: the local atomic magnetic susceptibility effect (including both diamagnetic and paramagnetic terms); and the polarization or electric field effect. Results of the program are compared with experimental results for a gamma (ApApGpCpUpU) 2 helical duplex and with calculated results on this same helix based on model building of A'-form and B-form and on graphical procedure for evaluating the ring current effects.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

A microcomputer system for monitoring and analysing oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep.

A computerized data acquisition and analysis routine was developed to quantitate respiratory disturbances in sleeping patients. Polysomnographic recordings of patients consisted of electroencephalograms, electro-occulograms, submental electromyograms, air flow at the nose and mouth, esophageal pressure, and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2). SaO2, a physiological effect of ventilatory airflow, was sampled every two seconds and stored on disk during the night's study for subsequent analysis. Wild points in the data file can be marked so that they will be skipped during analysis. Patient polysomnographs were scored manually for sleep stage by a sleep technician. A file was then created containing the scored sleep information with time marks corresponding to each change in sleep stage during the study. An analysis routine used this file to develop indices of sleep apnea, severity for combinations or specific stages of sleep. These indices were: (A) number of oxyhemoglobin desaturation episodes per hour; (B) average maximum desaturation per episode; and (C) desaturation index, the product of (A) and (B). A graph was plotted showing cumulative sleep time at given SaO2 values. The degree of sleep apnea can be determined using these indices.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

An automatic stimulus generation system for electroretinogram capture and processing.

An automated system is presented for on-line capture and processing of the analog signal obtained in response to light or X-ray stimulation of isolated rat retina maintained in survival by perfusion. The most important part of the system is a microcomputer Apple II (48 K Europlus) equipped with interface boards. Basic and assembler programs automatically deliver light or X-ray stimulation every 5 min. Data capture and data processing are carried out following each retinal response. Calculated parameters of the ERG, and 200 values obtained after sampling of an ERG are placed in a data file on a floppy disc. One hundred ERGs can be stored in this way.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Development and testing of a PC-based system with menu-driven software for evaluating lung function in ICU patients.

This paper describes a portable PC-based system for measuring respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) in intubated and mechanically ventilated patients. A pneumotachometer placed immediately proximal to the endotracheal tube measures flow, and a pressure catheter with its tip at the distal end of the endotracheal tube measures lateral airway pressure. The software is menu driven and allows the user to select from options including patient information display and entry, data collection, data editing, and waveform display. Up to ten consecutive breaths can be analyzed per run. Rrs and Cdyn are calculated on a breath by breath basis. Results are displayed to the screen, output to the system printer, and written to a user-specified ACSII data file. The system was tested by measuring resistance and compliance in a model of the lung, and results compared with those calculated from analog signals. It was then used to make measurements in intubated post-operative patients. Results were comparable to those previously reported in intubated ICU patients without primary lung disease. We conclude that our system provides reliable measurements of lung mechanics in the intubated patient, and represents an inexpensive and more versatile alternative to microprocessor-based ventilator systems currently being marketed.

Intensive Care Units↗
PubMed1993

A mimetic-based frequency domain technique for automatic generation of EEG reports.

This paper describes a novel mimetic technique of using frequency domain approach and digital filters for automatic generation of EEG reports. Digitized EEG data files, transported on a cartridge, have been used for the analysis. The signals are filtered for alpha, beta, theta, and delta bands with digital bandpass filters of fourth-order, cascaded, Butterworth, infinite impulse response (IIR) type. The maximum amplitude, mean frequency, continuity index and degree of asymmetry have been computed for a given EEG frequency band. Finally, searches for the presence of artifacts (eye movement or muscle artifacts) in the EEG records have been made.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of cat multichannel acoustic brain-stem response data using dipole localization methods.

We have used dipole localization methods (DLMs) to examine multielectrode acoustic brain-stem response (ABR) data for 9 data files collected in 5 experiments on 2 cats. The analytical model for scalp surface voltage consisted of a single current dipole in a homogeneous spherical head model. DLM sources were compared to ABR generator sites determined in intracranial and lesion experiments described in the literature. DLM source along the mediolateral axis is consistent with a predominantly ipsilateral cochlear nucleus origin for P2, and a predominantly contralateral origin for P3. DLM source for P4 and P5 was near the midline plane, consistent with the suggestion of sources arrayed along both sides of the midline. Average DLM source position increased by 7.1 mm superiorly from P3 to P5, nearly what would be expected from movement from superior olive to inferior colliculus levels. A lack of DLM source movement in the postero-anterior direction is attributed to limitations of the spherical model. The overall progression of mean DLM equivalent source position at successive ABR peaks demonstrates the existence of substantive information about generator source position in scalp surface ABR field patterns. However, model constraints of available DLM techniques present severe restrictions on the physiological interpretation of results.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Implementation of a free-format request profile in a system for retrieving references to scientific publications.

A process is described whereby a set of instructions in free format can be used to control a search of a data file in an efficient manner. The implications of the effectiveness of this process are considered in relation to a system for the storage and retrieval of references to published works in a typical scientific research establishment. Details of this system have been described earlier.

Computers↗
PubMed1990

Computer aided stress analysis of long bones utilizing computed tomography.

A computer aided analysis method has been developed which utilizes computed tomography (CT) and a finite element (FE) computer program to determine the stress-displacement pattern in a long bone section. The CT data file provides the geometry, the apparent density and the elastic properties for the three-dimensional FE model. A developed pre-processor generates the FE model of a human diaphyseal tibia section which is then analyzed by the SAP IV finite element program. The results obtained are sorted and displayed by a developed post-processor and compared with stresses and deformations from the literature. The model generation method was verified by applying it to a model of simple geometry and boundary conditions, then comparing the results with the analytical solution of the same problem. The convergence behavior of nodal displacements was tested as a function of mesh refinement. This method provides an automatic, versatile, non-invasive and accurate tool of long bone modeling for finite element stress analysis.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Prediction of left ventricular mass from the electrocardiogram.

Multiple stepwise regression methods were used to derive electrocardiographic (ECG) models for prediction of the echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass index from standard 12-lead ECG measurements using data files of 203 men and 252 women. The correlation between echocardiographic and ECG estimates of LV mass index was R2 = 0.58 for men and R2 = 0.42 for women. A separate logistic regression model was derived for classification of LV hypertrophy as a dichotomized dependent variable. This classifier chose R (aVL), T (V6), and S (V1) for men and R (aVL), T (V6), and S (I) for women and produced a moderate sensitivity (53.7% for men and 63.4% for women) and specificity (94.9% for men and 92.9% for women). We conclude that the initial performance of these and other recently developed multivariate estimators of LV mass and LV hypertrophy classifiers is promising enough to subject them to further studies to evaluate their utility as risk predictors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A rapid and semi-quantitative method for the detection of autoantibodies by multiple spot immunoassay.

A method for rapid simultaneous determination of multiple autoantibodies in sera has been developed. 42 different antigens were coated onto a nitrocellulose membrane in a miniblotter apparatus with 42 lanes. The membrane was also coated with different concentrations of human IgG to create a standard curve. The blotting apparatus after coating, blocking and washing was turned 90 degrees so that all lanes crossed the antigen coated lanes. Thereafter, 42 sera were incubated with the antigens. After this stage the membrane was treated as in the usual dot-blot procedure. After incubation with alkaline phosphatase labelled anti-human IgG, staining and drying of the membrane, the staining intensity of individual lanes was scanned into a data file and analyzed by computer. By this method it was possible in 4 h to examine 42 sera for autoantibodies against 42 antigens, i.e., more than 1600 tests. Furthermore, the amount of antibody could be semi-quantified, using the IgG standards. The method should be useful for rapid screening of autoantibodies in a routine laboratory.

Antigens↗
PubMed1990

Computer analysis of the exploratory behavior of insects and mites in an olfactometer.

A method of quantification of the exploratory behavior of small animals stimulated by an odorant in a four-choice olfactometer, taking into account the interindividual variability of responses, was developed: individual tracks were time sampled according to the animal's walking speed and its positions were recorded according to the X-Y coordinates of the grid set underneath the device, the mesh of the grid suiting the animal's body size. A software, written in BASIC APPLESOFT on an APPLE IIe computer, allowed us to analyze the coordinates either of a single individual or of an experimental sample, leading to: a) the quantification of the insect distribution all over the experimental chamber, expressed in a table numbered according to the grid, where the percentage of position per square either for a given time fraction or the total observation period were reported, b) a graphic representation of the data according to several levels of greys, expressing the frequentation for each square for a given duration of observation. An analysis per time fraction allowed the chronological setup of events to appreciate. c) The collection of the positions among each flow field of the olfactometer for each individual of the experimental sample, for a given duration, was translated as the percentage of time spent in each flow field. Data files gathered these percentages for further statistical treatments. This computer method, which requires little equipment and appears to be easily adaptable to the study of biological models of various size and speed such as honeybees, trichogrammas and varroas mites, is a powerful tool for behavioral studies of small organisms tested in restricted areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An adaptable microcomputer program for monitoring behavior.

We describe an improvement of a flexible and easy to use program for monitoring and recording behavior durations with IBM-compatible microcomputers and a companion program that provides additional versatility for handling data. Up to 35 behaviors or events can be monitored, and processing speed is fast enough to measure even very rapidly performed behaviors. No specialized hardware is required, and the data files that are created are compatible with commercially available software packages for statistical analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

International distribution of dental materials publications and patents.

International patterns of research and development in the field of restorative dental materials were examined with data on publications (1981-85) and patents (1979-88). It was found that United States-based authors produced approximately one-half of all dental materials journal articles published worldwide, while US inventors had nearly the same share of the US dental materials patents. During the periods studied, the share of US patents in dental materials awarded to US inventors declined, while the share of US patents awarded to Japanese inventors rose. The role of the United States in research (as measured by journal articles) remained stable. Nations differed in the degree to which their researchers specialized in particular research areas. US-based authors and inventors were relatively over-represented in prosthetic materials and under-represented in dental cements, an area in which the British and the Japanese concentrated more of their activity. There was some, but not complete, agreement in the patterns of national specialization as indexed by patent and publication data. When dental materials data were compared with data for broader fields of science and technology, important differences were found. For publications, US-based authors displayed greater dominance in dental materials than in the fields of dentistry, chemistry, and materials science. US-based inventors' share of US dental materials patents was smaller than their share of all US patents. These analyses demonstrated that it was possible to use indicators derived from publication and patent data files to conduct insightful studies of a discrete specialty of science and technology.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed1994

The amino acid composition of 350 lymphocyte proteins.

We determined the amino acid composition of proteins of Sp2 hybridoma cells by a procedure which assembles the information on the polypeptides upon two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, such that biosynthetic labeling with 20 different 3H amino acids provides the data--spot intensities--on the relative representation of the detected polypeptides. The gels were impregnated with 2,5-diphenyloxazol (PPO) and suitably exposed radiofluorographs were selected for analysis. The images originating from the 12 cultures labeled with amino acids R, A, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T and Y were analysed with the Kepler image analysis system. The spot volume data of the 12 analysed patterns were corrected for the unequal labeling efficiencies of the 3H amino acids and for the various exposure times. This correction is performed by applying calibration factors based on the amino acid determination of a hydrolysate of the analysed cells. After the calibration step was applied to the data files we used the amino acid compositions of nine proteins taken from a database to establish for each of these proteins the correlation coefficients with the image analysis derived amino acid compositions of all spots. The correlation coefficients allow us to tentatively identify polypeptide spots on two-dimensional gels, while the amino acid composition of 350 investigated two-dimensional gel spots is usable as an identification tag in the gene retrieval from our cDNA libraries.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

A quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics: software and hardware aspects of a system for the evaluation and analysis of structural inhomogeneities in nervous tissue.

Cytoarchitectonic studies are based on the analysis of structural inhomogeneities in nervous tissue. Boundaries of brain regions are established where local structural properties such as numerical cell density, size, shape or orientation change. The measurement of these properties from histological sections with automatic devices is biased due to the thickness of the sections. In this study, the grey level index (GLI) is measured with a TV-based image analyzer from routine histological sections. This parameter is a biased estimate of the volume density of Nissl-positive structures. The histological section is digitized into GLI values by a computer-controlled scanning procedure. The result is stored in an image matrix which is processed by digital filtering in order to visualize the laminar pattern. GLI statistics of brain regions are evaluated from the pictorial data by delineating these regions with a cursor on a hard copy fixed to digitizer. Information from a series of sections is stored in a standardized data file and combined by specific application programs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cohen's weighted kappa with Turbo Pascal (FORTRAN).

A microcomputer based Turbo Pascal and FORTRAN program for Cohen's weighted kappa (kappa w) is given. Three clinical applications for kappa w are also presented. A typical data file, the Pascal and FORTRAN program listing and corresponding output are given.

Carotid Stenosis↗