Dermatoglyphics in Down's syndrome. II. Evaluation of scoring methods.
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The quantitative and qualitative finger and palm ridge characteristics of a sample of Italian schizophrenic males showed minor deviations which were neither pathognomonic of the illness as a whole, nor of its Leonhard sub-groups. In essence there was a slight tendency for an increase in finger loops, particularly on middle fingers, with a decrease of whorls, and the palmar ridges tended to a more transverse course than usual. Compared with two sets of controls there was an excess of short schizophrenic males.
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Dermal patterns in a group of Down's syndrome patients, a normal control population and a group of parents of Down's syndrome patients were studied in an attempt to identify an Index Score to be used in differentiating controls from parents of Down's syndrome children. Using only three patterns (simian crease, palmar hypothenar pattern and Cummins' Index), a parents' Index Score was established which correctly diagnosed 80.83% of controls and 79.17% of parents. The predictive value of this index and its interest in genetic counselling are discussed.
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Evidence from the literature is reviewed to suggest that when fingertip dermal ridge patterns in chromosomal deletion syndromes are characteristic of the opposite spectrum of the developmental scale from patterns found in cases trisomic for the same chromosomal region, the association may be a consequence of loci with growth regulatory functions. Evidence is presented that DNA markers at 18q21 should be the first candidate sequences to be used to test this hypothesis in families with fingertip arches segregating in an apparent autosomal dominant fashion.
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