[Clinical use of the "Dina-2" X-ray apparatus].
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Humans↗
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Results for “DENTAL APPARATUS”
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Elimination of microorganisms from dental operatory compressed air.
Compressed air is used to power high-speed handpieces, as well as to dry and clean surfaces in the oral cavity during patient treatment, in all dental operatories. The compressed air used in the dental operatories located in large institutions such as universities or hospitals is generally obtained from a central source, and is produced by continually running compressors. In operatories located in private practice settings, compressed air is obtained from small on-site air compressors, which may be run less frequently. A survey was made of operatories in the Montreal area to determine the microbial load of the compressed air produced by air compressors. An air sampler was used to collect compressed air and impinge it on a rotating agar medium surface. Compared to the air produced from compressors in constant use, the air collected from compressors that ran intermittently had a very high microbial load. The efficacy of an apparatus designed to sterilize the contaminated air produced by small, on-site compressors was tested. Called a Purilair, this device heats every particle of inflowing compressed air to 250 degrees C and then forces it through a fine-pore ceramic filter. In three private practice operatories, an in-line Purilair effectively sterilized the air being delivered by small compressors. The same result was obtained in the laboratory when lyophilized spores and cells of Bacillus stearothermophilus and conidia of Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus niger were sprayed into the intake line of the apparatus.
Academic Medical Centers↗
Changes in the physical properties of the Ultrafil low-temperature (70 degrees C) thermoplasticized gutta-percha system.
Three tests were used to obtain a basic understanding of the changes taking place in the physical properties of the Hygienic Ultrafil system. The materials studied were raw gutta-percha, gutta-percha points, and the two Ultrafil materials Blue (firm set) and White (regular set) gutta-percha. In the first test a differential scanning calorimeter was used to determine melting points; two crystalline forms were observed in the dental materials and only one crystalline form in the raw gutta-percha. In the second test a magnetic bearing torsional creep apparatus was used in which the rates of crystallization were observed. The differences seen in the induction times of the crystallization are related to the amount of mastication of the gutta-percha. Mastication in this usage is the manufacturers process of mixing the raw gutta-percha with its other components. The gutta-percha is masticated slightly in the points and considerably more in the Ultrafil material. Ultrafil exhibits longer periods of time required to induce nucleation at any specific temperature due to the increased mastication. Melting points were also decreased with increased mastication. In the third test a dilatometer was used to observe isothermal volumetric shrinkage of the materials during crystallization. When the Ultrafil material was compared with the gutta-percha points, the blue material had approximately the same amount of shrinkage, 2.6%; the white material shrank slightly less, 2.2%. The raw gutta-percha being 100% polymer had the greatest amount of shrinkage, 4.6%.
Calorimetry↗
Postinjection complication to local anesthesia: report of case.
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Anesthesia, Dental↗
Tensile bond strength of dentin-resinous system interfaces conditioned with Er:YAG laser irradiation.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess tensile bond strength of dentin-resinous system interfaces conditioned with Er:YAG laser irradiation. BACKGROUND DATA: There are different results reported in the literature which relate to laser Er:YAG effects on dentin surface as a pretreatment during adhesives procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two surfaces of human dentin from third upper molar were used after being extracted and kept in the refrigerator in 0.5% chloramines aqueous solution and then divided into three experimental groups and three control groups. The chosen restorative systems were Alert (Jeneric/Penton), Prodigy (Kerr Co.), and Z-100 (3M Co.), with correspondent dental adhesives Bond 1, Optibond Solo, and Single Bond, respectively. To conduct tensile tests, a special system of pairs of rods aligned in a specific apparatus was used, in accordance with ISO/TR 11405 standard (1994). RESULTS: By means of statistical analysis, the Kruskal Wallis test, it was noticed that group IE (laser + acid + Alert), 18.89 MPa, differed considerably from group IC (acid + Alert), 8.03 MPa (p < 0.10), but did not differ from the other groups. Group IIC (acid + Prodigy), 19.88 MPa, differed from group IIE (laser + acid + Prodigy), 12.57 MPa (p < 0.05), but did not differ from groups IIIE (laser + acid + Z-100), 14.11 MPa, and IIIC (acid + Z-100), 19.58 MPa. Group IIIE did not differ statistically from group IIIC. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that previous Er:YAG laser treatment on the dentinal structure only improved the tensile bond resistance of the Alert restorative system.
Acrylic Resins↗
Acceptance Program Guidelines. Products designed to regenerate periodontal tissues. Council on Scientific Affairs. American Dental Association.
SCOPE: These Guidelines apply to products used to promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues lost due to periodontal diseases or other causes. Periodontal regeneration is defined histologically as regeneration of the tooth's supporting tissues, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum over a previously diseased root surface. Regenerative procedures must enhance the formation of a new attachment apparatus demonstrated by randomized controlled histological studies in animals, verified by human histologic evidence, and supported by beneficial results in human randomized controlled clinical trials.
Alveolar Process↗
Comparison of two stylus methods for measuring surface texture.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare two "stylus" methods for measuring surface texture of dental tissues and materials. METHODS: The two styli chosen were a contact diamond stylus and a non-contact focussed laser stylus attached to the same measuring apparatus. RESULTS: These indicate that there are significant differences between those obtained from surface texture measurements using a non-contact laser stylus and a diamond contact stylus method despite being mounted in the same profilometer. This is valid for both the test specimens of known surface texture, provided by the manufacturers, and for a "real world" simulation using contoured and finished Dicor ceramic blocks. The only significant agreement between the two styli was found for the Ra parameter. This should not be used alone to describe the roughness of a surface because the parameter is not sensitive to profile shape. Owing to the properties of the stylus used it is essential that the limitations of surface profilometry be recognised. SIGNIFICANCE: Caution should be exercised when comparing the results of surface texture studies of dental hard tissues and restorative materials using varying types of stylus attached to a surface profilometer.
Dental Equipment↗
Effects of loading on the biomechanical [correction of biochemical] behavior of molars of Homo, Pan, and Pongo.
In a previous study, we found systematic differences in the biomechanical behavior of modern human molars using finite element stress analyses (FESA), which led us to propose that molars are adapted to differently-directed loads depending on their position within the mouth (Spears and Macho [1998] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 106:467-482). While the FESA results thus derived have not been verified experimentally, such an interpretation seemed reasonable. To refine the model previously presented, this study assessed the effects of 1) food particle size on the biomechanical behavior of molars, and those of 2) differences in morphology, particularly enamel thickness, on stress distribution. In order to appraise the evolutionary significance of the findings, the FESA results for modern humans were subsequently compared with those obtained for molars of one individual of Pan and Pongo, respectively. Bearing in mind limitations imposed by the FESA models created and analyzed in this study, constant cleavage-type loads and cuspal tip loads at different directions were employed on all teeth: this facilitated comparisons of patterns of stress distribution across molars and species. In Pan and Homo, cleavage-type loads exerted by big food particles tended to be better dissipated anteriorly than posteriorly, although trends in Pongo were less clear-cut. Furthermore, similar to modern humans, the buccal cusps of mandibular molars appeared to be able to dissipate the loads associated with a pestle-type action, while maxillary molars were better designed to dissipate the loads which would result if they acted as mortars against which the food is crushed/ground. While increases in enamel thickness lowered the overall stress values in teeth only slightly, changes in outer morphology could have a more profound effect on these stress levels. Overall, Pan appeared to be most generalized, while Homo and Pongo showed a number of unique specializations, which are in accordance with what is currently understood about their respective masticatory apparatus and dietary niche.
Animals↗
Evaluation of a new curing light on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
With the introduction of photosensitive (light-cured) restorative materials in dentistry, various methods were suggested to enhance their polymerization and to shorten the curing time including layering and the use of more powerful light-curing devices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a new light-curing apparatus that uses a light-emitting diode (LED) on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic adhesive. The new light-curing apparatus used in the study was UltraLume 2 (Ultradent USA, South Jordan, Utah) that has an 8-mm footprint and can simultaneously cure two orthodontic brackets. Forty teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid, washed and dried, and sealant applied, and then precoated brackets with the Transbond adhesive (APC II, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were placed. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups according to the curing light used. In group I (control), 20 brackets were cured using an Ortholux (3M Unitek) halogen curing light for 20 seconds. In group II, 20 brackets were cured using the new LED light for 20 seconds. The findings indicated no significant (P = .343) differences in the shear bond strength between the Ortholux halogen light (5.1 +/- 2.5 MPa) and the UltraLume 2 LED light when the two groups were compared using Student's t-test (t = -0.961). In conclusion, the advantages of the new unit include the ability to cure two brackets at a time and a smaller light-emitting apparatus for the clinician to handle.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
[Mechanics of palatal expansion in the occlusal plane].
The mechanics of a transpalatal arch in the occlusal plane (symmetrical V-bends, asymmetrical V-bends and step-bends) is studied through four methods: simulation of the teeth movements with a typodont, measure of the forces and the moments with a mechanical system composed of pulleys and dead load devices, photo-elastic stress analysis, finite element stress analysis. Typodont experimentations display the dental movements: the easiest one is rotation; it is more difficult to observe distalization and mesialisation that occur with a version of the tooth. An experimental apparatus, composed of pulleys and dead load devices, allows to measure forces and moments released by a transpalatal arch, depending on the level of the activations. The authors notice that the distalization force for an asymmetrical V-bend activation is low, about 0.2 Newton for 5 degrees of activation. Photo-elastic stress analysis affords a visualization of the shear stresses induced by a transpalatal arch within the supporting structures of a root, thanks to the observation of colored fringes in a model constituted with two molars included in a birefringent resin. Meanwhile, the manipulation of the photo-elastic resin is not easy and the interpretation of the results remains difficult. The finite element method is a numerical analysis and consists in the fragmentation of the studied structure in a certain number of elements, where forces and moments can be applied: the three dimensional program analyses the stress and strains in these elements. Thus, we can: 1.--visualize strains and stresses of a transpalatal arch, when it is inserted in the lingual molar sheaths; 2.--observe the dental movements due to the activations of the transpalatal arch (rotation, version, mesialisation, distalization); 3.--study the stress induced in the periodontal tissue. The results of these studies are complementary and in agreement. Particularly, the second method (measure of forces and moments) and the finite element method provide a mathematical and visual model that could explain clinical results: thus, the main purpose of this research is to understand the orthodontic mechanics used in the edgewise or segmented technique.
Adult↗
A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STUDYING IN VITRO CALCULUS.
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Calcium↗
An apparatus for testing wear resistance of acrylic teeth.
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Acrylic Resins↗
[A comparative evaluation of the methods for treating dental arch anomalies in 7- to 9-year-old children during dispensary care].
Analysis of the results of treatment of 1890 young children, carried out in the course of regular prophylactic check-ups, has shown that comprehensive treatment of dentition abnormalities is effective in 85.3% of cases. Both traditional and new designs of removable orthodontic apparatuses, developed by O. M. Basharova were employed. The new design is characterized by functional mechanical action and by the presence of a system of springy planes. Such apparatuses are highly effective and help essentially cut down the treatment periods.
Ambulatory Care↗
[Influence of beta-adrenergic antagonists and agonists on dental caries development: an overview].
Patients with diseases of the respiratory tract are often treated with beta 1- and/or beta 2-adrenergic agonists. As undesired side-effects the beta-agonists cause alternations in the salivary glands and their protein synthetic apparatus. This results in alterations of the protein composition of saliva, resulting in a decrease of the protective function on the teeth, among others caused by the lowered production and secretion of the salivary mucins. Therefore, the dentist must be alert on the influence of the use of drugs on the dentition of patients with respiratory tract diseases.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
Inhibitory effect of iodophenpropit, a selective histamine H3 antagonist, on amygdaloid kindled seizures.
The effect of histamine H(3) antagonist, iodophenpropit on amygdaloid kindled seizures in rats was studied in comparison with those of other H(3) antagonists. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, the rats were fixed to a stereotaxic apparatus and bipolar electrodes were implanted into the amygdala. Electrodes were connected to a miniature receptacle, which was embedded in the skull with dental cement. To cause kindled seizures, electrical stimulation was applied to the amygdala bipolarly every day by a constant current stimulator, and electroencephalogram and convulsive behavior were observed. Drug effects were estimated in rats showing generalized kindled seizures. Intraperitoneal injection of H(3) antagonists, iodophenpropit, thioperamide, AQ0145 and clobenpropit, resulted in a dose-related inhibition of amygdaloid kindled seizures. The effect of iodophenpropit on amygdaloid kindled seizures was more potent than those of thioperamide, AQ0145 and clobenpropit. In conclusion, iodophenpropit may be useful for the treatment of partial epilepsy and/or secondary generalized seizures in humans.
Amygdala↗
[Importance of periodic follow up of periodontal diseases for the maintenance of periodontal health and the longevity of dental restoration].
The major objective of the author's investigation was to determine if the progression of attachment loss, the recurrence of active phase of periodontitis and development of new carious lesions can be controlled and prevented in individuals with prior history of aggressive periodontitis provided full mouth reconstruction and maintained at a proper level of oral hygiene. The results of a group on regular periodontal recall program were compared with the five years dental and periodontal findings on a matched group of patients having not been on regular maintenance program. The well maintained group of patients' annual recall data did not vary markedly. In five years basically the same amount of attachment apparatus was maintained. The reexamination of the non recall group at the end of the fifth year shoved a total deterioration of dentition due to the progression of periodontal disease and attachment loss. Especially those of rapidly progressing periodontitis cases shoved 70 to 100% attachment loss. This comparative study attempted to outline the insufficiency of our former dental philosophy of patient management and follow up. Authors emphasize the importance of the follow up, and maintenance of a very high level.
Adult↗
A spring-activated tilting apparatus for the study of balance control in man.
A tilting apparatus has been designed and constructed to produce fore-aft whole head-and-body tilt (WHBT) alone, or in combination with ankle dorsiflexion of standing subjects, about an axis colinear with the ankle joint. The apparatus is composed of a vertical tilting structure attached to a supporting base. Mechanical rotation of the vertical tilting structure is achieved by a spring activating system mounted on its base. Subjects are secured to the vertical structure by a body harness system with the head fixed, and the feet secured to the standing platform. Simultaneous dynamic WHBT and ankle joint displacement are induced by rotating the vertical support; whereas WHBT alone is achieved by concurrent rotation of both the vertical support and standing platform. Tilts are triggered manually, and data acquisition precedes head acceleration onset by 50-100 ms to provide suitable baseline values. This tilting apparatus has been successfully used to apply forward WHBT in 34 subjects with height ranging from 1.55 to 1.87 m and weights from 42 to 95 kg, and at magnitudes of peak head acceleration varying from 0.4 to 2.2 g as measured by a linear accelerometer mounted on a dental bite. These acceleration rates can be reproduced with minor variation in the same subjects. Moreover, the area under the head acceleration traces was reproducible within 15% between subjects. Tilts can be delivered with concomitant ankle dorsiflexion. These features make the low-cost tilting apparatus a very useful tool for the study of human tilting reactions in both laboratories and clinical settings.
Acceleration↗
The role of H2O2 and the lactoperoxidase-SCN(-)-H2O2 system on the interaction between two bacteria originating from human dental plaque, Streptococcus rattus (mutans) BHT and Streptococcus mitior LPA-1, grown on human teeth in an artificial mouth.
Teeth were inoculated with either the organisms separately or with a freshly-prepared mixture of both. The apparatus was swept with 5 per cent (v/v) CO2 in either air or N2, and incubated for 90 h. A nutrient supplement containing 1 per cent (w/v) glucose was supplied for 1 h in every 6 h. Both organisms achieved similar numbers when grown aerobically in pure culture, yet in mixed culture there was pronounced inhibition of BHT (p less than 0.001). When the synthetic saliva was supplemented with catalase the strain BHT count in mixed culture was much higher (p less than 0.001). It was concluded, therefore, that the strain LPA-1 produced inhibitory levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the tooth surface under aerobic conditions. This was supported by finding that a lower viable count of LPA-1 in pure culture was attained when lactoperoxidase (LPO) was included in the saliva (p less than 0.005), as all components of the LPO-SCN-H2O2 system were presumably present. With the N2-CO2 mixture, conditions were not strictly anaerobic and both catalase and LPO increased all viable counts. Under these conditions, therefore, when H2O2 was limiting, LPO protected bacteria against its bactericidal effect.
Antibiosis↗