Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Chlorhexidine”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Effect of 2% chlorhexidine on microtensile bond strength of composite to dentin.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine on the microtensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin treated with three dentin bonding systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat dentinal surfaces were prepared in 24 extracted human third molars. Teeth were randomly divided into 8 distinct experimental groups according to the adhesive applied (Prime & Bond NT, Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond), the application (yes/no) of chlorhexidine, and the time point at which it was applied (before or after acid etching the dentin). Composite resin blocks were built up over treated surfaces, and teeth were then stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Samples were thermocycled, stored under the same conditions, and then vertically sectioned, thus obtaining specimens with 1.0 +/- 0.1 mm2 cross-sectional area. Specimens were stressed in tension at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Bond strength results were evaluated using a one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). The modes of failures were verified using optical microscopy. Dentin disks were obtained from 3 additional teeth treated in the same manner for observation under SEM. The most representative samples of fractured specimens were also observed under SEM. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences of bond strength values were found between any groups. Failures occurred mainly within the bond; exclusively adhesive fractures (adhesive-dentin) were not observed. CONCLUSION: The 2% chlorhexidine solution, applied before or after acid etching of the dentin, did not interfere with the microtensile bond strength of composite resin to the dentin treated with Prime & Bond NT, Single Bond, or Clearfil SE Bond bonding systems.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of plaque accumulation under periodontal dressing by sustained-release varnish of chlorhexidine.

Slow-release varnish containing chlorhexidine was applied prior to the application of a periodontal dressing. The ability of the slow-release varnish to inhibit accumulation of dental plaque under the dressing was compared to a placebo varnish. Seven volunteers were fitted with periodontal dressing on the lower and upper jaws. One jaw was pre-coated with slow-release varnish containing chlorhexidine, while the other was coated with a placebo. A week later the dressings were removed and the plaque under the dressing was scored. Significantly less plaque was found on teeth pre-coated with the slow-release varnish containing chlorhexidine as compared to the control. An increase in the amount of gingival fluid was observed in both the control and experimental groups after removing the periodontal dressing.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Study on the resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus to iodophor and chlorhexidine].

OBJECTIVE: To study the resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an indicator used in hospitals. METHODS: We used minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of iodoph and chlorhexidine to MRSA, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538. RESULTS: Obvious difference between MRSA and MSSA the MIC of Iodophor was noticed. Among MICs, 5.3% MRSA strains were 2-folds and 28.9% MRSA strains were 1.5 fold more than staph. aureus ATCC6538, while the MIC of 11.1% MSSA strains raised 1.5 fold than ATCC6538. The MIC of 83.3% MSSA strains were the same to staph. aureus ATCC6538. The MIC of chlorhexidine to MRSA, MSSA and staphylococcus aureus ATTC6538 were similar to each other. CONCLUSION: Results showed that some MRSA were more resistant to Iodophor than staph. aureus ATCC6538, but remained the same resistance to Chlorhexidine. Thus the concentration of Iodophor should be raised when the resistant strains were isolated.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1992

Clinical effects of a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse as an adjunct to scaling and root planing.

This trial tested the adjunctive effects of a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse (Peridex) upon gingival healing following scaling and root planing. Assessments were made on reduction in plaque (Pl), gingivitis (GI), pocket depth and gingival bleeding as measures of treatment benefit. All subjects had Class II, III or IV periodontal conditions. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a gross supragingival scaling and polishing. Subjects were separated by sex and periodontal classification, arrayed by GI scores, and randomly assigned to either the chlorhexidine rinse or a placebo rinse. Subjects were instructed to rinse with 1/2 ounce of their assigned products for 30 seconds twice daily. Following two weeks of product use, the clinical examinations were repeated and two randomly selected, opposing contralateral quadrants were scaled and root planed. After two more weeks of product use (week 4), clinical examinations were repeated and the remaining quadrants were scaled and root planed. At week 6, final clinical examinations were conducted. Since half-mouths were treated at different times and exposed to the treatment rinses for different periods, the data were analyzed for the half-mouths independently 2 and 4 weeks after gross scaling, and 2 and 4 weeks after root planing. A total of 94 subjects (47 in each treatment group) completed all phases of the trial. Gingival healing following scaling and root planing in subjects using a chlorhexidine rinse (0.12%) was significantly better than subjects using the placebo rinse as evidenced by less gingivitis (29%), fewer GI bleeding sites (48%) and less plaque (54%).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish in preventing caries lesions in primary molars.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish on the prevention of caries lesions in primary molars among schoolchildren ages 6 to 7 in relation to their previous experience with caries. METHODS: Two groups of schoolchildren of lower-middle socioeconomic level were followed up in a clinical trial: one group of 86 children, treated with a chlorhexidine-thymol varnish (Cervitec) and another group of 95 children who served as controls. The varnish was reapplied every 3 months, and the caries lesion increments were compared at 24 months. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between these 2 groups in the increment in decayed and filled primary molars. The children in the varnish group with no decayed or filled primary teeth at baseline showed a significantly lower (P<.05) incidence of caries lesions in primary molars (at 24 months) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Chlorhexidine-thymol varnish can be said to reduce caries lesions in the primary molars of schoolchildren ages 6 to 7 with no previous caries lesion experience.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2005

[Determination of chlorhexidine acetate in disinfectors by capillary electrophoresis].

A method for the determination of chlorhexidine acetate in disinfectors using capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed using the following conditions: detection wavelength, 254 nm; applied voltage, 15 kV; uncoated fused silica capillary column, 50 cm x 75 microm i.d.; buffer, 15 mmol/L phosphate and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v). Under the optimum conditions, chlorhexidine acetate in disinfectors was determinated in 4 min. The effects of different parameters, such as buffer component, buffer concentration, buffer pH value and electrophoretic voltage, on the CE analysis of chlorhexidine acetate were studied in detail. The linear range of the proposed method was 0.01-0.10 g/L. The detection limit was 0.004 mg/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of absorbance was 3.97% and the RSD of migration time was 2.99%. The spiked recoveries of samples were 91.4%-116.6%. The method was compared with the high performance liquid chromatographic method and the relative error was less than 4.0%. The proposed method was simple, quick and suitable for disinfector analysis.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased antibacterial activity of zinc polycarboxylate cement by the addition of chlorhexidine gluconate in fixed prosthodontics.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of water-activated zinc polycarboxylate cement with adjunctive 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on the subgingival microbiota in fixed partial dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six teeth prepared as fixed partial denture abutments in 9 patients were cemented randomly using water-activated zinc polycarboxylate cement (control group) or water-activated zinc polycarboxylate cement, including 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (test group). A total of 108 subgingival plaque samples were analyzed at baseline, immediately before permanent cementation (5 weeks), and 8 weeks later (at 13 weeks). RESULTS: In the control group, the subgingival microbiota altered to closely resemble the flora of chronic gingivitis (increased proportions of gram-negative anaerobes such as Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum) by 13 weeks. In contrast, the microflora at test sites comprised predominantly gram-positive facultative cocci and rods at 13 weeks. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the addition of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate may enhance the antimicrobial action of polycarboxylate cements to ensure the maintenance of a microflora compatible with periodontal health, at least up to 13 weeks post-cementation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of chlorhexidine and stannous fluoride on fibroblast attachment to different implant surfaces.

This study evaluated, in vitro, the attachment of gingival fibroblasts to dental implants of differing surface character treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine, 1.64% stannous fluoride, or sterile saline. Specimens were divided into three groups, each composed of 18 dental implants. Each group featured a different implant surface texture, ie, smooth titanium, hydroxylapatite plasma-spray, or titanium plasma-spray. Following adsorption of salivary pellicle, six implants from each group were treated with chlorhexidine, stannous fluoride, or sterile saline. They were then cultured with fibroblasts for 24 hours and photographed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell counts were then performed. Analysis of results showed a significantly greater number of fibroblasts attached to specimens treated with saline or chlorhexidine than to those treated with stannous fluoride. Furthermore, fibroblasts were more likely to attach to rough-surfaced than to smooth-surfaced specimens.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed2006

In vitro antibacterial efficacy of a new chlorhexidine slow-release device.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide slow-release devices on oral bacteria. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The agar diffusion test was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the slow-release devices Activ Point (chlorhexidine; Roeko) and Calcium Hydroxide Plus Point (Roeko) on 8 anaerobic and 2 facultative oral bacterial strains, as well as 2 bacterial cultures randomly sampled from necrotic root canals and incubated in anaerobic and aerobic broth for 48 hours. The efficiency of the medicaments against the various strains was evaluated using a nonparametric test (Friedman type) and a second nonparametric test (Wilcoxon's signed rank test). RESULTS: Activ Point produced significantly larger inhibition zones (P < .001) than the calcium hydroxide slow-release device around all tested bacterial strains. CONCLUSION: The chlorhexidine slow-release device (Activ Point) exhibited significant antibacterial activity in the agar diffusion test and merits study as an intracanal medicament.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2005

[Comparison of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine as intracanal medications in endodontics: review of the literature].

Calcium hydroxide has found its use in endodontic treatments. On the other hand, chlorhexidine is more and more proposedfor uses in clinical endodontics. Could chlorhexidine surpass calcium hydroxide and what are the benefits of chlorhexidine? This literature overview concludes that both medications are useful and that further studies are necessary before chosing one above the other.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2006

Chlorhexidine-containing chewing gum. Clinical documentation.

A clinical documentation on chlorhexidine containing chewing gum is presented on the occasion of the launch of CHewX, a chewing gum containing 5 mg of chlorhexidine diacetate in Switzerland. Following an overview on functional chewing gum, the mechanism of action of chlorhexidine (CHX), its toxicity and safety are summarized and a review of clinical studies performed with CHX-containing chewing gum given. Indication, dosage, precautions and benefits of CHX chewing gum are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of chlorhexidine on plaque development in an artificial mouth.

The effect of chlorhexidine on the development of plaque, resulting from the inoculation with saliva of a tooth mounted in an artificial mouth, has been studied. The agent delayed the formation of plaque and also inhibited changes in pH and Eh, whether sucrose was present or not. Applied as a rinse at intervals of 12 h it prevented formation of plaque and pH and Eh remained constant. Moreover, chlorhexidine inhibited pH and Eh changes in established plaque. A single application of a gel containing chlorhexidine also greatly inhibited plaque development.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

[Antimicrobial properties of fibrous cellulose and other polymeric materials modified with chlorhexidine].

Since fibrous cellulose and other polymeric materials are widely used as dressings, it was of interest to study the mechanism of the antimicrobial action of the products from such materials physically and chemically modified by chlorhexidine, a broad spectrum antiseptic. As vehicles and prolongation agents the following products were used: dressing gauze and cation exchange derivatives of cellulose and starch i.e. monocarboxycellulose (MCC), phosphate cellulose (PC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), monocarboxyl starch (MCS) and alginic acid (AA), a natural compound. It was shown that chemical attachment of chlorhexidine provided a 2-4-fold increase in the antimicrobial effect of the preparations as compared to the use of physical sorption. The antimicrobial effect of the polymeric form of chlorhexidine based on MCC and PC was much higher than that based on MCC, MCS and AA.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of chlorhexidine on the pulp-dentin system (research on the canine dental pulp)].

The effect on the pulp-dentin system by chlorhexidine 0.2% in comparison to the physiological sodium chloride solution was investigated in animal experiments. The methods of tests were based on the requirements of FDI 1980. After 3, 21, 70 and 90 days the teeth were extracted and prepared for histological studies. The evaluation of the histological preparations including measurement on the residual dentin layer was achieved by light microscopy. Differences in the pulp reaction after treatment of the teeth with chlorhexidine or sodium chloride solution could not be observed. The changes of pulp tissue were slight to moderate and depended on the residual dentin layer. The cavity cleaning with chlorhexidine 0.2% did not cause any additional damage in the pulp.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of vitamin E gel, placebo gel and chlorhexidine on periodontal disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a topical 5% vitamin E gel, a placebo gel and chlorhexidine on established and developing plaque and periodontal disease in 48 adult subjects. Baseline data included Plaque Index, Gingival Index and periodontal probing depth. All data were collected by a single calibrated examiner using a double-blind methodology. One group of subjects applied 12 mL of a vitamin E-containing gel delivering 800 mg of alpha-tocopherol, another applied 12 mL of a placebo gel, and the final group rinsed with 0.5 oz of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate. After two weeks, the clinical data were again recorded, and two quadrants were randomly selected and treated by root planing and scaling, with data collection repeated after both 4 and 6 weeks. Our results indicated that no significant effects upon plaque or gingivitis were obtainable in either the placebo or the vitamin E groups. However, use of 0.12% chlorhexidine significantly reduced plaque. These results do not support the use of vitamin E as a topical chemotherapeutic agent for the control of gingivitis or periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of a single episode of chlorhexidine irrigation on the gingival response to scaling and root planing.

The adjunctive effects of subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation on gingival response following scaling and root planing were investigated. Changes in clinical parameters, and microbial composition of subgingival plaque as monitored by dark-field microscopy were assessed in 12 patients over a period of 12 weeks. Two test sites and two matched control sites with probing depth ranging from 4 mm to 7 mm were selected in each patient. Oral hygiene instruction and a single episode of scaling and root planing were carried out. In addition test sites were irrigated with one mL of 0.2% chlorhexidine solution by the operator, while control sites were either irrigated with an equal volume of physiological saline or not irrigated. There were significant improvements in the clinical parameters with little difference between test and control sites. Between the beginning and the end of the study there was a marked reduction in the proportion of spirochaetes with a concomitant increase in coccoid organisms with, again, only minor differences between the test and the control sites. It was concluded that subgingival irrigation with a single application of 0.2% chlorhexidine did not enhance gingival healing, or delay recolonization of pockets by certain micro-organisms (as monitored by dark-field microscopy), when scaling and root planing had been thoroughly carried out immediately prior to irrigation.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1991

Staining and antimicrobial properties in vitro of some chlorhexidine formulations.

Dietary staining studies have proved useful determinants of chlorhixidine activity in mouthrinse products, and results correlate with plaque inhibitory effects. This investigation compared the staining and antimicrobial action in vitro of two known and similarly effective, commercially available chlorhexidine mouthrinses with a reformulated 0.1% chlordexidine preparation. After adjustment for original concentration the 0.2%, 0.12% and reformulated 0.1% products had essentially similar, minimum inhibitory-dilution values against standard test organisms. The 0.1% preparation was more effective against Capnocytophaga ochracea, suggesting additional antimicrobial activity derived from an ingredient other than chlorhexidine. The staining in vitro of tooth and acrylic specimens was equivalent with the 0.2% and 0.12% products. By comparison with equivalent concentrations of the diluted 0.2% preparation, the 0.1% formulation produced less staining, particularly when diluted. The data suggest that the 0.1% formulation, when used in diluted form as recommended by the manufacturer, may have slightly reduced plaque-inhibitory effects by comparison to the 0.2% or 0.12% products. However, the results raise the question whether chlorhexidine solutions could be formulated to reduce side effects, in particular, tooth staining at the expense of some loss of antiplaque activity.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical use of chlorhexidine].

There is a wide variety of literature regarding chlorhexidine, so we have tried to put together the most recent studies in order to apply them to our clinical reality. Chlorhexidine is an excellent alternative which should be considered as the best chemical collaborator available in the market. In order to obtain the best therapeutic effects, chlorhexidine should always be used within a plaque control program administered by a professional. It's the best way to get the best advantages offered by this medicine.

Chlorhexidine↗