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Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”

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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Maternal depression and child behaviour problems. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention.

BACKGROUND: Despite the frequently reported association between maternal depression and childhood psychopathological disorder, few studies have attempted to intervene with both conditions. AIMS: To evaluate the effect of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) on child behaviour problems and maternal depression in a group of women with young children. METHOD: An assessor-masked, randomised placebo-controlled trial compared three treatments: CBT for depression and parenting skills enhancement; a mothers' support group; and no intervention. An epidemiological (general population) sample was recruited. RESULTS: Analysis showed no significant difference between the groups. Within-group comparison suggested that at the end of treatment and at 6-month and 12-month follow-up, child problems and maternal depression had improved significantly in the CBT group. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference between groups. Both contact interventions seemed to provide some benefits to mothers with depression, with a possibly improved outcome resulting from CBT for children with behavioural problems. The results must be treated with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Toddler anxiety disorders: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: This research examined the validity of criteria for diagnosing social phobia (SOC) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), where the DSM-IV criteria were modified to better identify toddlers who could have these disorders. METHOD: Diagnoses were made with a semistructured clinical interview that included child observations. Parents and caregivers completed child behavior, temperament, and socioemotional functioning questionnaires to test convergent and discriminant validity. RESULTS: Of 72 children, 18 months to 5 years old, 19 met modified SOC criteria (8 met DSM-IV criteria SOC also), 29 met modified GAD criteria (5 met DSM-IV criteria GAD also), and 35 met no anxiety disorder criteria. Children with modified SOC were more likely than nonanxious children to display higher levels of anxiety symptoms and shyness/inhibition and to have anxious parents. Modified SOC did not relate to the nonanxiety constructs (cuddling, imaginary play, fine motor). Children with modified GAD did not consistently demonstrate higher levels of anxiety symptoms, did not have more anxious parents than nonanxious children, and did not have higher mean scores on the nonanxiety constructs. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides initial evidence supporting convergent and discriminant validity for the modified SOC criteria but not the modified GAD criteria.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of non-verbal repair strategies by children with autism.

This study examined possible links between the occurrence of prosodic changes to vocalizations and gestures and the use of problem behaviors by children with autism when attempting to repair communication breakdowns. The repair strategies of six children with autism aged 2-5 years and with fewer than 10 words or signs were analyzed. Mother-child dyads were videotaped at home interacting in naturally occurring contexts. Videotapes were analyzed and coded for communication breakdowns and repair attempts made by the child. Repairs were further analyzed according to the type of repair strategy used, changes in prosidy, and whether the repair mode involved problematic or non-problematic behavior. In most situations, this group of children attempted to repair breakdowns in communication that occurred while interacting with their mothers. Most children used both non-problematic and problematic behaviors and were less likely to use augmentations as a repair strategy than repetitions and substitutions. Some repetitions and some augmentations involved the use of gestures or vocalizations with increased emphasis or prosidy. Possible links between repair strategies involving increased prosidy and the use of problem behaviors are discussed together with the implications and significance of these finding in relation to early intervention for children with significant communication impairments.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2002

Problem behavior in boys with fragile X syndrome.

This study examines problem behavior over time in 59 boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), aged 4-12 years, using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Approximately 49% of the boys scored within the borderline or clinical range on total problem behavior, while 56-57% scored in the borderline or clinical range on the attention and thought problems subscales, and 26% scored in this range on the social problems subscale. With a mean of 2.5 assessments per child, behavior problems were stable during the 3-year period of study. Total problem behavior was higher for children who displayed autistic behavior, were rated as low in adaptability, had mothers with higher maternal education levels, and were on medication. Mothers with more education also rated their children as having more attention, thought, and total problems. Children taking medication differed from boys who were not taking medication on social problems, but not on attention and thought problems. Low adaptability and more autistic characteristics predicted thought problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An examination of the underlying influence of temperament and problem behaviors on drinking behaviors in a sample of adult offspring of alcoholics.

The present study investigated the potential mediating influence of childhood and early adolescent temperament and problem behaviors on the relation between parental alcoholism and adult drinking behaviors in a sample of 153 offspring of alcoholics and their controls. The influence of the alcoholic parent's and the offspring's gender on this relation was also assessed. Both gender of the parent and gender of the offspring were found to have important differential effects. More specifically, individuals with an alcoholic father consumed more alcohol, were more concerned about their drinking, and were more concerned about the possibility of developing a drinking problem than those without an alcoholic father. In contrast, no significant relations emerged between maternal alcoholism and drinking behaviors. Gender differences among the offspring were also observed, with males drinking more frequently to "get high" and scoring higher on the MAST than females. Finally, gregariousness was found to significantly mediate the relation between paternal alcoholism and frequency of drinking to "get high" and frequency of drinking to "get drunk" for males. Possible explanations regarding the differential results pertaining to gender and the lack of significant findings concerning mediation are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The efficacy of relaxation training with children.

This paper reviews studies that have examined the efficacy of relaxation training techniques in the treatment of childhood disorders. Methodological problems encountered in doing research in this area resemble those found in working with an adult population: imprecise definitions of subject populations and use of a variety of dependent variables from one study to another. Findings suggest that relaxation training is at least as effective as other treatment approaches for a variety of learning, behavioral, and physiological disorders when it is continued over an extended period of time and is augmented by other supportive measures. Needs for future research include better follow-up studies and further investigations with a behaviorally disruptive population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Intelligence, behaviour and psychosocial development in Turner syndrome. A cross-sectional study of 50 pre-adolescent and adolescent girls (4-20 years).

In this paper we report the findings and data on a cross-sectional study of 50 pre-adolescent and adolescent girls with Turner syndrome. We confirm the presence of a typical cognitive profile in the different age groups with normal verbal intelligence contrasting with lower results on performal IQ subtests, related to relative weaknesses on visuospatial subtests i.e. "Block Design" and "Object Assembly". 5% of the girls with a "classical" Turner syndrome karyotype (i.e. 2/40) were mentally retarded versus 30% (i.e. 3/10) in the group with "rare" karyotypic anomalies. We noted a positive influence of hormonal therapy on the visuospatial functioning. No evidence was found for a high risk for behavioural problems. Hyperactive behaviour was seen in the youngest patients contrasting with a tendency to hypoactivity around the age of normal puberty. Problems in social development were noted from the age of primary school on resulting in social immaturity and even isolation. A proposal for guidance of Turner girls during the different developmental periods is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in 5-year-old children are associated with sleepiness and problem behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is reportedly associated with problem behaviors suggestive of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; however, there are few data on the relation of SDB to problem behaviors in the general pediatric population. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of SDB symptoms in 5-year-old children and their relation to sleepiness and problem behaviors. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted of a birth cohort of children who were born in eastern Massachusetts. Subjects were 3019 5-year-old children (1551 boys, 1468 girls) who were enrolled in the Infant Care Practices Study and whose mothers were contacted within 3 months of their child's fifth birthday. A parent-completed questionnaire was used to ascertain the presence and intensity of snoring and other SDB symptoms and the presence of daytime sleepiness and problem behaviors. Parent-reported hyperactivity, inattention, and aggressiveness were each assessed by a single question that was validated against the Conners' Parent Rating Scale. SDB was defined as frequent or loud snoring; trouble breathing or loud, noisy breathing during sleep; or witnessed sleep apnea. RESULTS: Parent-reported hyperactivity (19%) and inattention (18%) were common, with aggressiveness (12%) and daytime sleepiness (10%) reported somewhat less often. SDB symptoms were present in 744 (25%) children. Compared with children without snoring or other symptoms of SDB, children with SDB symptoms were significantly more likely to have parent-reported daytime sleepiness (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-2.8) and problem behaviors, including hyperactivity (OR: 2.5; CI: 2.0-3.0), inattention (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.7-2.6), and aggressiveness (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6-2.6). These associations remained significant after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education level, maternal marital status, household income, and respiratory health history. CONCLUSIONS: SDB symptoms are common in 5-year-old children and are associated with an increased risk of daytime sleepiness and with problem behaviors suggestive of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Aggression↗