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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of alkanols, alkanediols and glycerol on red blood cell shape and hemolysis.

The physicochemical effects of a series of alkanols, alkanediols and glycerol on erythrocyte shape and hemolysis at 4 and 20 degrees C were examined. We calculated the dielectric constant of the incubation medium, Ds, and the dielectric constant of the erythrocyte membrane Dm in the presence of organic solutes. The ratio Ds/Dm = -38.48 at 20 degrees C defines the normal biconcave shape in a medium without hemolytic agents. A decrease in Ds/Dm favors externalization or internalization with consequent hemolysis. Alkanols and alkanediols convert biconcave erythrocytes into echinocytes, which is accompanied by an increase in the projected surface area. Glycerol converts biconcave erythrocytes into stomatocytes, which was accompanied by a marginal decrease in the projected surface area. Progressive externalization in alkanols and alkanediols or internalization in glycerol resulted in a decrease in the projected surface area and the formation of smooth spheres. The degree of shape change induced was related to the degree of hemolysis and the ratio Ds/Dm. A decrease in temperature reduced both the degree of shape change and hemolysis. Our results suggest that physicochemical toxicity may be a result of a temperature dependent hydrophobic interaction between the organic solutes and the membrane and is best interpreted by the ability of the solutes to change Ds and Dm. These results are discussed with respect to the physicochemical constants of the organic solutes.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1982

Effects of pentoxifylline on cell shape, ATP content and deformability in rabbit erythrocytes under hyperosmolar conditions.

1. Pentoxifylline (I) [3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthine] (0-10(-3) M) inhibited the discocyte echinocyte transformation caused by hyperosmolarity and improved the impaired filtrability of erythrocytes due to hyperosmolarity. 2. The ATP content of erythrocytes was increased at low concentrations (0-3 x 10(-5) M) of I, but decreased at high concentrations (3 x 10(-5) M or above) of I.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

Isolation of spindle-shaped cell populations from primary cultures of Kaposi's sarcoma of different stage.

Cell lines derived both from sporadic and epidemic KS biopsies show similar characteristics: a mixture of mesenchymal and vascular markers as well as production of factors which recruit endothelial cells in vitro and induce neoangiogenesis in vivo. Most established KS spindle cell strains are derived from patch or plaque stage KS lesions, which are easily collected during routine biopsies. Here we have characterized KS-derived spindle cell lines obtained from the four different stages typical of KS progression: angiomatous macula, patch, plaque and nodular KS to show if the similar features of our KS cell lines are linked to a particular stage of progression or to an in vitro selection/differentiation during KS cell culture. These four KS cell lines have shown the same pattern of characterization as the previous established KS cell lines, apart from an early selection of the spindle cell population we have also observed an easy inducible phenotypic differentiation through a myofibroblastic spindle cell type simply plating cells on gelatin-coated flasks. These data confirm the hypothesis of spindle cell selection in culture and the possible differentiation of these mesenchymal cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The elliptocyte: a study of the relationship between cell shape and membrane structure using the camelid erythrocyte as a model.

1. The elliptocytic shape of the camelid erythrocyte is very stable and has a high resistance to modification by drugs and treatment which alter the shape of the discocytic erythrocytes of scimitar-horned oryx and man. 2. Differences in the erythrocyte membrane proteins have been found which indicate that proteins play an important role in stabilisation of the camelid elliptocyte. 3. The organisation of the cytoskeletal network in camelid elliptocytes differs from that established for human discocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Star-shaped cells of the amacrine cell layer.

Using silver impregnation techniques and light microscopy we have described a new type of interneuron in the adult chicken retina. These cells are located in the innermost level of the INL. Expansions arise from the basal portion of the perikaryon and ascend from there, ending in the inner third of the INL. Other expansions extend through the three first sublayers of the IPL. We compared the morphological differences shown by these cells in relation to the amacrine cells and interplexiform cells, all of which are situated on the same stratum.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Introducing variable cell shape methods in field theory simulations of polymers.

We propose a new method for carrying out field-theoretic simulations of polymer systems under conditions of prescribed external stress, allowing for shape changes in the simulation box. A compact expression for the deviatoric stress tensor is derived in terms of the chain propagator, and it is used to monitor changes in the box shape according to a simple relaxation scheme. The method allows fully relaxed, stress free configurations to be obtained even in nontrivial morphologies, and it enables the study of morphology transitions induced by external stresses.

Journal Article↗