[Chromomycosis in Madagascar. Epidemiological data on the most important reservoir currently known in the world (apropos of 891 cases diagnosed from 1955 to 1978)].
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Adolescent↗
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Two cases of chromomycosis.
More than 190 cases of chromomycosis have been reported in Japan since the first one in 1933. We encountered two cases of this fungal disease in the last four years. The diagnosis of chromomycosis is still difficult, especially in the early stage and brain metastasis is frequently seen in this country. We report here these two cases with a discussion on clinical manifestations of previous reports in Japan for early diagnosis.
Chromoblastomycosis↗
Cystic chromomycosis caused by Wangiella dermatitidis.
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Chromoblastomycosis↗
[Temperature factor in the differentiation of the causative agent of chromomycosis among morphologically related saprophytic fungi].
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Chromoblastomycosis↗
Treatment of chromomycosis with oral high-dose amphotericin B.
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Amphotericin B↗
Deep fungal infections in the tropics.
Although tropical deep fungal infections are uncommonly identified in North America, these disorders are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. Presented in this article is information on the management of patients suffering from mycetoma, chromomycosis, African histoplasmosis, or keloidal blastomycosis.
Africa↗
Fungal infection in Latin American countries.
Fungal infections remain a frequent health problem in Latin American countries. Although these diseases exhibit an extraordinary heterogeneity, they have certain features in common. Most patients belong to low socioeconomic groups and live in rural areas. This article presents a general view of the most prevalent subcutaneous mycoses, with emphasis on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment options in the developing countries of Latin America.
Chromoblastomycosis↗
[Is moss and foot an entity or a syndrome? Report of a case].
Dermatological lesions of a patient are studied and investigated. It is suggested that they belong to a syndrome rather than to an entity. The following etiological classification of the mossy syndrome is proposed: due to bacteria, fungi and viruses, and secondary to other dermatopathies. Bibliography is reviewed.
Chromoblastomycosis↗
[Chromomycosis: 2 cases].
We report two cases of chromomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladosporium herbarum, observed in two women from the Tlemcen region. Due to the wart-like or nodular lesions, these case were mistaken for other skin diseases with similar manifestations, particularly verrucous tuberculosis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. The histology revealed fumagoid bodies leading to the identification of the causative agents. Chromomycosis is rare in Algeria although 3 cases have been observed in our area since 1989. The physician should be aware of this diagnosis.
Aged↗
Case reports of chromomycosis.
Two cases of chromomycosis were diagnosed in B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital during the years 1980-1989. Isolates were identified as Fonsecea compactum.
Adult↗
[Unusual causes of chromomycosis].
The typical clinical picture and mycological and histological basis of chromomycosis is compared with the clinical course, which is encountered more often nowadays. It refers also to the affection of the vascular, respiratory, lymphatic system, the brain and the dissemination in compromised patients. For this reason chromomycosis should rank among opportunistic mycoses. Chromohyphomycosis characterized by skin nodules occurs very rarely. Subcutaneous abscesses also called phaeomycotic cysts, are more frequent especially after corticoid and immunosuppressive therapy. Among three Czechoslovak cases of chromomycosis, the case in Pilsen can be evaluated as uncommon. It was caused by Phialophora pedrosoi and passed as a skin form of chromomycosis. The lesion developed on the right forefinger of a patient who never visited tropical countries. She never was seriously ill, never treated with antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, or corticosteroids. The histological examination of the excision revealed a granuloma with histiocytes and many giant cells phagocytizing typical spherical brown microorganisms. The patient was cured by KI, intraiodine and X-ray therapy.
Aged↗
[History of a cutaneous lesion: chromomycosis].
A modern approach of Pathology, using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and image analysis, was made to describe the matrix profile of the non reversible fibrosis observed in the cutaneous lesion of Chromomycosis. The distribution pattern of cell populations in dense inflammatory infiltrate, sometimes organized in granulomas, has been identified concurrently with the in situ demonstration of the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-beta. The professional phagocytes (polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages) seem unable to fully eliminate the fungi. We suppose it is this persistence which explains the exuberant cell immune response.
Biopsy↗
Collagen cross-linking by pyridinoline occurs in non-reversible skin fibrosis.
The extent of the covalent cross-linking of collagen molecules by pyridinoline was measured in skin lesions from patients with chromomycosis, a chronic fungal infection leading to an extensive and chronic dermal fibrosis. These data were compared to those collected from patients with a localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, an acute inflammatory process leading to an extensive and reversible remodelling of the extracellular matrix. The amount of the mature cross-linking amino acid pyridinoline increased in chromomycosis patients when compared to controls and was significantly higher than in leishmaniasis patients. These data confirm and extend our previous studies on liver fibrosis showing that a high level of pyridinoline is associated to irreversible fibrotic lesions. They also suggest that an increase in the mature collagen cross-linking by pyridinoline in the course of fibrosis is not restricted to liver, but might be a general feature of irreversible and chronic fibrosis.
Adolescent↗
[A cutaneous parasitosis rarely observed in France: chromomycosis].
The authors report a case of chromomycosis presenting like a tumoral lesion in a patient coming from the Isle de Mayotte. The causative agent is Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The evolution was favorable after surgical treatment. The epidemiology, the histopathological features, the diagnosis problems and the evolution of the illness are studied.
Adult↗
[Exogenous keratitis due to chromomycosis (author's transl)].
The author presents a case of exogenous, retrocorneal, limbal infiltration due to chromomycosis, following cataractextraction. Since the etiology of this keratitis was not recognized at the beginning, steroids were applied causing an exacerbation of the keratitis with hypopyoniritis. A perforating, excentric keratoplasty was performed, yielding material for the histological diagnosis, and for the identification of the responsible agent. The cultural and morphological properties were typical of those of a dematiaceous fungus, a chromomycosis. In vitro studies demonstrated this fungus to be less sensitive to 5-fluorcytosin and clotrimazole, and to be less resistant to natamycin, mystatin and amphotericin-B, paving the road for an effective conservative therapy following surgery.
Amphotericin B↗
[Histopathology and ultrastructure of chromomycosis caused by Cladosporium carrionii].
Light and electron microscopic study of chromomycosis caused by C. carrionii was undertaken. Biopsies from 10 patients were taken and processed by means of conventional histopathologic techniques of hematoxylin and eosine and by transmission electron microscopy. Granulomatous and suppurative components of the infection process were observed by the histological procedure, other cellular elements such as lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and Langerhans cells were present. The fungus was observed free or within phagocyticcells. Ultrastructural evidence revealed that it was surrounded by a wide multilayered and electron dense cell wall. Its cytoplasmic membrane presented invaginations and vacuoles containing the electron-dense material. We suggest the existence of a secretion-excretion process of a melanin-like dark pigment, which is accumulated on the cell wall of fungus, increasing the resistance of fungal cell to its destruction by phagocytic cell. It is necessary to determine the exact role of Langerhans cells in chromomycosis caused by C. carrionii.
Biopsy↗
[Pathomorphology of chromomycosis].
The article presents the results of pathomorphological studies of chromomycosis of the skin in 10 patients. The material from the center of the lesion focus, from its periphery and from bordering areas of the apparantly healthy skin were investigated pathomorphologically. Two variants of inflammation are described. The former was characterized by proliferation of the epiderma, the presence of polymorphocellular infiltrate and microabscesses, numerous elements of Hormodendrum. In two patients with an elevated content of sugar in the blood a tendency to the expansion of the process was noted. The second variant was of a tuberculoid character.
Abscess↗