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PubMed1991

[Severe dyspnea caused by vecuronium bromide administration for priming and precurarization].

Vecuronium bromide 1mg was injected intravenously for priming or precurarization in 42 cases. Apparent dyspnea was observed in 2 cases. The doses of vecuronium bromide in these 2 cases, 0.018 and 0.016 mg.kg-1, respectively were the same and less than those in the other 40 cases (0.018 +/- 0.003 mg.kg-1, mean +/- SD). Although respiratory sparing effect of vecuronium bromide is expected, intensive respiratory assist should be taken at the time of priming or precurarization with the drug.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[A case of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome successfully treated by Tiotropium bromide].

A 48-year-old woman was admitted with dyspnea on effort. She suffered from adult T-cell leukemia and received peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Eight months after the PBSCT, she developed dyspnea on effort and was treated with bronchodilator, inhaled corticosteroid, anti-leukotriene drug, theophylline and oxytropium bromide. However her symptoms progressed and she was admitted. We diagnosed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) because of obstructive pulmonary dysfunction, diffuse patchy high density of the lung field on chest computed tomography and decreased ventilation with peripheral patchy accumulation on ventilation scintigraphy. She was treated with corticosteroid and cyclosporine A and her symptoms and her pulmonary function were improved. However, in parallel with corticosteroid tapering, her symptoms and pulmonary functions worsened. Treatment with Tiotropium bromide was started and her pulmonary function improved significantly. Her pulmonary function did not worsen and tapering steroid dose was successfully achieved. PBSCT was reported to up-regulate the muscarinic receptor activity in lung. Tiotropium bromide might become one additional option for the treatment of BOS.

Bronchiolitis Obliterans↗
PubMed1991

A clinical study of intubating conditions under vecuronium bromide.

The drug vecuronium bromide, a short acting, non-depolarising agent with little side-effects, has brought much promise in the field of muscle relaxants. Fifth healthy patients were induced with injection thiopentone sodium 4 mg/kg and vecuronium bromide, 0.1 mg/kg was given IV. The earliest time at which the largest percentage of patients could be intubated satisfactorily was noted. The intubating conditions were estimated by scoring method. The duration of clinical relaxation was decided from the time of IV injection of vecuronium bromide to the return of muscle power of the non-respiratory muscles requiring repeat dose of the drug. The ideal intubating condition was achieved at 120 seconds and the duration of clinical relaxation ranged from 11-15 minutes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Transfer of proteins to membranes facilitates both cyanogen bromide cleavage and two-dimensional proteolytic mapping.

We have found that the transfer of gel-fractionated proteins to membranes facilitates phosphopeptide mapping. Nitrocellulose proves to be an excellent matrix for both cyanogen bromide cleavage and proteolytic digestion. Digestion of p56lck bound to a nitrocellulose membrane with cyanogen bromide or trypsin generated patterns of phosphopeptides indistinguishable from those produced by digestion of p56lck eluted from a gel. Immobilon-P and nylon membranes can also be used for proteolytic mapping, but not for cyanogen bromide cleavage. Since the use of membrane-bound protein eliminates the need for elution and precipitation of the protein, analysis is rapid. In addition, the recovery of the peptides from proteins digested on membranes is better and more consistent than it is from eluted and precipitated proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effectiveness of bromide in therapy resistant epilepsy of dogs].

In therapy lasting between 8 and 79 (means = 31) months 22 epileptic dogs had been unsuccessfully treated with phenobarbital and/or primidone. Both drugs had been administered in their maximum dosages. In an add-on therapy, these dogs were given potassium bromide at a rate of 17 to 58 mg/kg daily for a period of 7 to 61 (means = 21) months. We could quantitatively evaluate the seizure data from 19 of the dogs: four became free of seizures; seven showed a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency; in two dogs, the seizures were reduced by greater than 50% but the number of seizure-days by less than 50%; in the remaining six dogs the therapy was unsuccessful. We achieved the best therapeutic results in animals that suffered only grand mal seizures. Grand mal in addition to other types of seizures and tonic seizures were affected to a lesser extent if at all. At the beginning of the therapy we saw temporary side effects--weakness in the hind limbs and sedation; these were temporary and dependent on the dosage. Serum concentrations differed even with the same dosage among individual dogs. The therapeutic range of bromide serum concentration was from 0.7 to 2.0 mg/ml. Most of the animals tolerated concentrations up to 1.5 mg/ml quite well. To begin an add-on therapy with potassium bromide we would recommend a daily dose of 30 to 40 mg/kg. During treatment, the dose should be determined for each individual dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Primary structure of the OSCP protein that confers sensitivity to oligomycin on the mitochondrial H+-ATPase complex. I. Tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides].

Trypsin and cyanogen bromide were used for cleavage of the OSCP preparations. The peptide mixtures thus formed were separated into individual components by a combination of various chromatographic procedures: gel filtration, ion exchange and paper chromatography, as well as reversed-phase HPLC. As a result, 31 tryptic peptides and 9 out of 10 possible cyanogen bromide peptides were isolated. Determination of the amino acid sequences of these peptide allowed the alignment of cyanogen bromide fragments in the polypeptide chain that shed light on the "architecture" of the protein molecule as a whole. It also afforded the overlappings for tryptic peptides, 16 in the N-terminal and 8 in the C-terminal portions of the molecule.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1985

[Nifedipine and vecuronium bromide. How does a patient treated with calcium antagonists react to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants? Brief scientific communication].

The muscle-relaxation reactions of Ca-antagonist (nifedipine) pretreated patients and a control group (5 in each group) were observed after administration of vecuronium bromide using the "priming principle." Twitch depression induced by the "priming dose" of vecuronium bromide (20 micrograms/kg body weight and T4/T1 ratio in the Ca-antagonist-treated patients (35 +/- 13% and 0.42 +/- 0.14%, respectively), was significantly different (P less than 0.01) when compared with the control group (1.2 +/- 2.7% and 0.75 +/- 0.15%). Similarly, the onset time to maximum blockade after the intubating dose of vecuronium bromide (60 micrograms/kg body wt.) was significantly shorter in the nifedipine group (40 +/- 21 s) when compared with the controls (100 +/- 17 s). The duration of the effect observed clinically (until 25% recovery) in the nifedipine group 32.9 +/- 7.3 min versus 25 +/- 8.15 min was enhanced; however, the difference between the treated group and the control group was not significant.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Use of hexadimethrine bromide as a heparin-neutralizing agent in canine plasma.

Hexadimethrine bromide was evaluated as a heparin-neutralizing agent in a simple modification of the activated partial thromboplastin time test in canine plasma. Addition of various amounts of heparin in vitro to canine plasma indicated that heparin could be neutralized by adding 0.5 micrograms of hexadimethrine bromide 15 s before CaCl2 was added to the reaction mixture of the activated partial thromboplastin time test. In 8 dogs given (subcutaneous injection) 500 USP units of sodium heparin/kg, marked individual variations in clotting time prolongations were observed over the 12-hour period of study. The hexadimethrine bromide modification effectively neutralized the heparin-related clotting time prolongations to values that were not significantly different from base-line (preheparin) activated partial thromboplastin time values. The modification seems to be useful in confirming the presence of heparin and in monitoring heparin therapy in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragments of potato phosphorylase.

Amino acid sequence analysis of the cyanogen bromide peptides of potato alpha-glucan phosphorylase was undertaken for comparison with rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase and for elucidation of the structural bases for the differences in the catalytic and regulatory properties between the animal and plant enzymes. The potato enzyme was carboxymethylated and cleaved with cyanogen bromide. The 17 distinct fragments produced were isolated by a combination of gel filtration, sulfopropyl ion exchange chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weights of these fragments are distributed in a range of 300 to 30,000. Fragment CI has a blocked amino terminus, and has the same amino acid sequence as CII, which has been assigned as the amino-terminal fragment of potato phosphorylase. The blocking group was deduced to be an acetyl group from the results of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of an amino-terminal pentapeptide. This paper describes the sequence determination of all the cyanogen bromide fragments of potato phosphorylase. The complete structure is presented in the following paper (Nakano, K., and Fukui, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 8230-8236).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Elevated serum bromide in patients taking lithium carbonate.

Serum bromide levels were determined for 20 patients receiving lithium carbonate for manic depressive illness. Bromides averaged 17.06 +/- 8.15 mg/dl, which exceeded the control average of 3.22 +/- 3.2 mg/dl. Elevated serum bromide in patients taking lithium may reflect altered renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pseudohyperchloremia associated with bromide intoxication in a goat herd.

Pseudohyperchloremia and a negative anion gap were detected in goats with bromide intoxication. Bromide interferes with ion-specific electrodes, resulting in a falsely increased serum chloride concentrations. Bromide intoxication should be considered in animals with progressive neurologic signs, a high serum chloride value, and a low or negative anion gap.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The isolation and characterization of the cyanogen bromide peptides from the B chain of human collagen.

Cleavage of the collagen B chain with cyanogen bromide yields nine peptides which have been isolated and characterized with regard to molecular weight and amino acid composition. The peptides are recovered in equimolar quantities and account for the full amino acid complement of the chain as isolated following limited pepsin digestion of human placental tissue. These data thus confirm the unique composition of the chain and further indicate that the chain has been isolated in essentially pure form. The total number of amino acid residues (1018) observed in the cyanogen bromide peptides of the B chain indicate that it is comparable in length to the previously characterized collagen alpha chains. Thus, the apparent larger size of the B chain noted in previous studies may possibly be attributed to the relatively large quantities of hydroxylysine-linked carbohydrate, but more likely to the increased numbers of large hydrophobic amino acids in the B chain. Although the cyanogen bromide peptide pattern obtained in studies on the B chain serves to differentiate this chain from other known chains, some possible homologies between the B chain peptides and peptides derived from the alpha chains of type I, II, and III collagens are noted.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of bromide ion in lettuce: interlaboratory studies.

The gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of bromide ion, as originally described for grain by Heuser and Scudamore, was adapted for use on lettuce, and later on products of other vegetable or of animal origin. After optimization of the ashing and derivatization conditions, 2 interlaboratory studies were carried out in The Netherlands. In the first, a preparatory study, 6 laboratories investigated freeze-dried lettuce; in the second definitive study, 8 laboratories investigated both freeze-dried and fresh lettuce. Four lots of lettuce with bromide contents ranging from about 5 to about 200 mg/kg were investigated. Average bromide contents (mg/kg) and between-laboratory coefficients of variation were 5.6 (11.0%), 13.3 (18.4%), 29.9 (8.3%), and 209 (12.8%). The results obtained are normal for the type of work and the conditions of the study. The method will be recommended for regulatory use in The Netherlands and in international organizations.

Bromides↗
PubMed1979

Partial amino acid sequence of human plasma retinol-binding protein. Isolation and alignment of the five cyanogen bromide fragments and the amino acid sequences of four of the fragments.

Studies are reported on the primary structure of human retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific plasma transport protein for vitamin A. The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 186-187 amino acids. RBP was cleaved by cyanogen bromide into five fragments, CB-I (27 residues), CB-11 (25 residues), CB-III (20 residues), CB-IV (15 residues), and CB-V (99-100 residues). The cyanogen bromide fragments were isolated, their compositions were determined, and they were aligned after studies that included the tryptic digestion of maleylated, reduced, and carboxymethylated RBP and subsequent enzymatic digestion of some of the resulting tryptic peptides. The amino acid sequences of four of the five cyanogen bromide fragments were determined, and the sequence of almost two-thirds of the NH2-terminal portion of the RBP molecule was determined as: H2N-GLU-Arg-Asp-Cys-Arg-Val-Ser-ser-Phe-Arg-Val-Lys-Glu-Asn-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ala-Arg-Phe-Ser-Gly-Thr-Trp-Tyr-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Asp-Pro-Glu-Gly-Leu-Phe-Leu-Gln-Asp-Asx-Ile-Val-Ala-Glu-Phe-Ser-Val-Asx-Glx-Gly-Thr-Met-Ser-Ala-Thr-Ala-Gly-Lys-Arg-Val-Arg-Leu-Leu-Asn-Asn-Trp-Asp-Val-Cys-Ala-Asp-Met-Val-Gly-thr-Phe-Thr-Asp-Thr-Glu-Asp-Pro-Ala-Lys-Phe-Lys-Met-Lys-Tyr-Trp-Gly-Val-Ala-Ser-Phe-Leu-Gln-Lys-Gyl-Asn-Asp-Asx-His-Trp-Ile-Val-Asp-Thr-Asx-Thr-Tyr-Tyr-Ala-Val-Glu-Tyr-Cys-Ser-Arg---.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Primary structure of tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa. I. Purification and amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide fragments.

Cyanogen bromide (CB) cleavage of Neurospora tyrosinase resulted in four major fragments, CB1 (222 residues), CB2 (82 residues), CB3 (68 residues), and CB4 (35 residues), and one minor overlap peptide CB2-4 (117 residues) due to incomplete cleavage of a methionylthreonyl bond. The sum of the amino acid residues of the four major fragments matches the total number of amino acid residues of the native protein. The amino acid sequences of the cyanogen bromide fragments CB2, CB3, and CB4 were determined by a combination of automated and manual sequence analysis on peptides derived by chemical and enzymatic cleavage of the intact and the maleylated derivatives. The peptides were the products of cleavage by mild acid hydrolysis, trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, and Staphylococcus aureus protease V8. The cyanogen bromide fragment CB1 was found to contain two unusual amino acids whose chemical structure will be presented in the following paper.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

[Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. VI. Structure of peptides of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the G-factor molecule].

Peptides obtained as a result of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the G-factor have been studied. All 12 peptides embracing the whole structure of fragment T4 have been isolated. For their amino acid sequence determination, cyanogen bromide peptides have been further cleaved with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, staphylococcal glutamic protease and BNPS-skatole. The complete primary structure of 9 from 12 cyanogen bromide peptides has been determined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Sodium bromide acts as a contrast material on DEXA scanning.

Subjects undergoing a series of procedures to determine body composition, including dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning and extracellular water volume determination by bromide dilution, demonstrated abnormal DEXA scans in some cases. Oral doses of sodium bromide in the stomach were detected on total body DEXA scanning as contrast material. The physical principles that cause bromide to be imaged in a manner similar to calcium by the DEXA scanner are discussed so that other investigators may be aware of this potential pitfall in body composition analysis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

[Halogen-induced panniculitis caused by potassium bromide].

Necrotizing panniculitis due to potassium-bromide is a drug induced allergic reaction following stimulation of lymphocytes as demonstrated for the first time by a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT). We named the disease "halogen panniculitis" because of similar generally known reactions to iodides and describe the typical symptoms in three own cases. Bromoderma tuberosum tends to be a similar kind of allergy. For the first time pancreatitis to potassium bromide in men has been observed, which has already been described in epileptic dogs treated with potassium bromide.

Adipose Tissue↗