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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Copper-induced cutaneous sarcoidosis.

A 52-year-old woman presented with gradual painless enlargement of both earlobes. Indurated plaques were also present elsewhere. There was no evidence of a systemic granulomatous disorder. Histopathology showed foreign material associated with granulomatous inflammation. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays demonstrated foreign material composed primarily of copper. Deposition is likely to have been related to corrosion of copper-containing earrings, or from deposition at the time of ear piercing. The presence of clinically similar granulomatous lesions remote from the earlobes and not containing copper suggest the presence of underlying cutaneous sarcoidosis. The earlobe lesions are more likely to be caused by foreign matter acting non-specifically as a nidus for cutaneous sarcoidosis, rather than by a specific pro-inflammatory effect of dermal copper. After 3 months, the lesions have partially responded to oral hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/day.

Copper↗
PubMed2006

Anatomical relationships between the V2 segment of the vertebral artery and the cervical nerve roots.

OBJECT: During surgical procedures focused on the cervical nerve roots, the surgeon works in proximity to the V2 segment of the vertebral artery (VA). Depending on the specific surgical approach, it may be necessary to identify, expose, or mobilize the artery. In most cases, the artery may be left undisturbed. To reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury to the V2 segment during anterior and anterolateral approaches to the cervical spine, the authors analyzed the relationship between the V2 segment and the proximal segment of the C3-6 nerve roots. METHODS: Six cadaveric cervical spines (12 sides) were fixed with formalin, injected with red and blue latex, and investigated intraoperatively using different magnifications (x 3-40). The VA rested on the anteromedial surface of the cervical nerve roots at the level of each intertransverse space. The exiting nerve roots intersected the VA at a distance ranging from 4.5 to 8.1 mm (mean 6.3 +/- 1.06 mm) from the dural sac. The distance was slightly shorter at cephalad levels, suggesting that the artery is more posteriorly and medially situated at those levels. Arterial pedicles anchored the VA to the cervical nerve roots at various levels. These arteries gave rise to purely radicular, ligamentous, and medullary branches without a predictable pattern. After reaching the nerve roots on their lower margin, the nonligamentous branches pierced the radicular dural sheath within the neural foramen at a distance of 2 to 4 mm from the VA. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal-to-distal dissection of a cervical nerve root may proceed with relative safety for at least 4 mm. The V2 segment of the VA gives rise to at least one radicular arterial pedicle between C-4 and C-6. These trunks give rise to purely radicular, ligamentous, and medullary branches in an unpredictable pattern.

Body Weights and Measures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of a silicone strip over the sclerotomy in vitreous surgery.

We have developed a technique to prevent enlargement and distortion of the sclerotomy wound during vitreoretinal surgery. The technique involves the use of a silicone strip temporarily attached to the sclera. The strip and the sclera are pierced with a lance-tipped blade and surgery is done by entering through the silicone strip and then through the resulting scleral opening. Such a procedure prevents undesirable enlargement of the sclerotomy induced by trauma to the wound caused by instruments that can occur in cases of previously damaged sclera or in thin sclera associated with high myopia. It also prevents leaks through the wound as instruments are withdrawn.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

"Hidden" tongue jewellery.

Tongue piercing has many associated risks. This is a case report of a patient who, to avoid parental disapproval, hid the dorsal aspect of a lingual stud device. Subsequently, the dorsum repaired. The device could no longer be removed manually and warranted surgical removal. Despite being in situ for over two years, no further complications arose, but all efforts to obtain patient agreement for removal of the device failed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Granulomatous contact dermatitis due to gold earrings.

A young female developed persistent nodules at sites of ear piercing with gold earrings and patch testing demonstrated a positive allergic response to gold sodium thiosulphate. Histological examination of the nodules demonstrated a prominent sarcoidal-type granulomatous tissue reaction. This is in contrast to previous reports of lymphocytoma cutis type histology and was associated with the occurrence of epithelioid granulomata at the site of a strongly positive and long-lasting patch-test reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The tolerance to and pharmacokinetics of penciclovir (BRL 39,123A), a novel antiherpes agent, administered by intravenous infusion to healthy subjects.

The tolerance to and pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered penciclovir (BRL 39,123A), a novel anti-herpes agent, were investigated in 15 healthy male subjects. The volunteers were divided into three groups, receiving either 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg penciclovir by a 60 min constant-rate infusion. Blood samples were taken sequentially up to 48 h after the start of the infusion and urine collections made at appropriate intervals up to 72 h. After a simple solid phase extraction, concentrations of penciclovir in plasma and urine were determined using HPLC with U.V. detection. Mean values of Cmax, corresponding usually with the end of infusion, and of AUC appeared to increase proportionately with dose. Furthermore, there was no evidence that dose significantly affected any individual pharmacokinetic parameter. Penciclovir was distributed into tissues with an overall mean volume of distribution of approximately 1.5 l.kg-1, i.e. approximately double that of body water. It was rapidly eliminated, with a mean total plasma clearance of 39.3 l.h-1, and a mean terminal-phase half-life of 2.0 h. The majority of the dose, approximately 70%, was excreted unchanged in the urine. Mean renal clearance of BRL 39,123 was 28.1 l.h-1, which exceeds normal glomerular filtration rate and approaches renal plasma flow. At all dose-levels, the infusions of penciclovir were well tolerated, with no evidence of drug-related adverse events.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2003

Cortisol enhances structural maturation of the hypoplastic fetal lung in sheep.

Although exogenous corticosteroids advance structural maturation of the fetal lung, they can adversely affect fetal lung and body growth. Our aim was to determine whether cortisol, at physiological doses, can enhance structural maturation of the hypoplastic fetal lung without affecting fetal lung growth. Fetal sheep were divided into four groups (n= 5 for each) and lung hypoplasia (LH) was induced in two groups. Increasing doses of cortisol (1.5-4.0 mg) were infused into one group of fetuses with LH and one group without LH; the other two groups received saline. LH retarded structural development, reduced tropoelastin mRNA levels, reduced hydroxyproline and elastin contents, and increased active matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels in the fetal lung. Cortisol infusions had no effect on fetal lung growth or body weights. In fetuses with LH, cortisol increased the percentage airspace, reduced the interalveolar wall thickness, increased alveolar number and reduced the increase in active MMP-2 levels. Thus, relatively low doses of cortisol can enhance structural maturation of the fetal lung without adversely affecting fetal lung growth. However, cortisol did not correct the abnormal deposition of elastin within the alveolar parenchyma associated with LH, indicating that secondary septal crest formation remained abnormal.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of power bases.

Among a sample of U.S. students, the effects of 3 forms of nonverbal behavior (facial expression, visual behavior, and body posture) on perceptions of power bases (reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, and credibility) were investigated. In contrast to previous investigations of nonverbal behavior and power, a precise construct definition and reliable and valid operational definitions of power were used, and specific perceptions of power bases were examined. A relaxed facial expression, compared with a nervous facial expression, increased the ratings for referent, reward, legitimate, expert, and credibility power bases. Also, direct eye contact yielded higher credibility ratings than indirect eye contact.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Suicide-related perforating injury of globe with nail gun.

A case is reported of nail gun injury due to suicide attempt involving both orbits, frontal lobe and abdomen, which resulted in an unusual posterior perforation of the left globe. Injury was inflicted with a total of eight nails. Three nails entered the left orbit, one of which perforated the posterior aspect of the left globe. One nail entered the right orbit involving the optic nerve and crossed the midline to finish in the left sphenoid sinus. Three nails entered the frontal lobe near the midline and the final nail pierced the left lobe of the liver. The left eye underwent primary repair, lensectomy and vitrectomy with silicone oil and achieved a visual acuity of 6/60, 3 months post removal of oil with sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens. The right eye suffered traumatic optic neuropathy and currently has a visual acuity of 6/36 due to senile cataract formation. No other serious sequelae resulted from the other injuries and the patient has recovered from his episode of depression.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1997

Responsiveness of carotenoids to a high vegetable diet intervention designed to prevent breast cancer recurrence.

Epidemiological studies suggest that a high vegetable diet may reduce risk for breast cancer and may also improve prognosis after the diagnosis of breast cancer. Circulating carotenoids may serve as a biomarker of vegetable and fruit intake, although several factors affect their bioavailability from food sources and may influence concentrations. One purpose of this study was to identify factors predictive of serum carotenoid, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol concentrations in 79 postsurgically resected breast cancer patients at enrollment and at 12 months in a feasibility study of a high vegetable, low fat diet intervention to reduce risk for cancer recurrence. Another purpose was to identify variables associated with change in these serum concentrations 12 months after randomization into control and intervention groups. The diet intervention (versus control) group had significantly greater increases in carotenoid intakes (P < 0.03) and significantly greater increases in serum concentrations of lutein, alpha- and beta-carotene, lycopene, and retinol (P < 0.04). Stepwise multiple regression revealed the level of dietary intake to be predictive of most serum carotenoid concentrations at baseline and 12 months, with additional associations between selected micronutrient concentrations and serum cholesterol, body mass index, age, percentage of energy intake from fat, and alcohol intake also observed at these time points. Intervention group change in serum carotenoid concentrations was inversely associated with baseline level, age, and change in serum cholesterol concentration and positively associated with change in carotenoid and alcohol intake. Circulating carotenoid concentrations are responsive to a high vegetable diet intervention, which also included reduced dietary fat and increased fiber intakes, to reduce risk for breast cancer recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Depleted and natural uranium: chemistry and toxicological effects.

Depleted uranium (DU) is a by-product from the chemical enrichment of naturally occurring uranium. Natural uranium is comprised of three radioactive isotopes: (238)U, (235)U, and (234)U. This enrichment process reduces the radioactivity of DU to roughly 30% of that of natural uranium. Nonmilitary uses of DU include counterweights in airplanes, shields against radiation in medical radiotherapy units and transport of radioactive isotopes. DU has also been used during wartime in heavy tank armor, armor-piercing bullets, and missiles, due to its desirable chemical properties coupled with its decreased radioactivity. DU weapons are used unreservedly by the armed forces. Chemically and toxicologically, DU behaves similarly to natural uranium metal. Although the effects of DU on human health are not easily discerned, they may be produced by both its chemical and radiological properties. DU can be toxic to many bodily systems, as presented in this review. Most importantly, normal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, and heart can be affected by DU exposure. Numerous other systems can also be affected by DU exposure, and these are also reviewed. Despite the prevalence of DU usage in many applications, limited data exist regarding the toxicological consequences on human health. This review focuses on the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological effects of depleted and natural uranium on several systems in the mammalian body. A section on risk assessment concludes the review.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Cytochrome P450 1B1 and catechol-O-methyltransferase genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Chinese women: results from the shanghai breast cancer study and a meta-analysis.

Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are important estrogen-metabolizing enzymes and, thus, genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes may affect breast cancer risk. A population-based case-control study was conducted to assess the association of breast cancer risk with CYP1B1 and COMT polymorphisms. A meta-analysis was done to summarize the findings from this and previous studies. Included in this study were 1,135 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed from August 1996 through March 1998 among female residents of Shanghai and 1,235 randomly selected, age frequency-matched controls from the same general population. The common alleles of the CYP1B1 gene were Arg (79.97%) in codon 48, Ala (80.53%) in codon 119, and Leu (86.57%) in codon 432. The Val allele accounted for 72.46% of the total alleles identified in codon 108/158 of the COMT gene. No overall associations of breast cancer risk were found with any of the single nucleotide polymorphisms described above. This finding was supported by a meta-analysis of all previous published studies. No gene-gene interactions were observed between CYP1B1 and COMT genotypes. The associations of breast cancer risk with factors related to endogenous estrogen exposure, such as years of menstruation and body mass index, were not significantly modified by the CYP1B1 and COMT genotypes. We observed, however, that women who carried one copy of the variant allele in CYP1B1 codons 48 or 119 were less likely to have estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer than those who carried two copies of the corresponding wild-type alleles. The results from this study were consistent with those from most previous studies, indicating no major associations of breast cancer risk with CYP1B1 and COMT polymorphisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The role of lysosomes in the pathogenesis of copper-induced hepatotoxicity: morphological studies.

Copper-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in beige and conventional mice which were injected intraperitoneally with aqueous copper chloride (8 mg per kg body weight per day). Hepatic lesions developed more quickly and were more severe in beige mice and consisted of karyomegaly, progressive accumulation of lipofuscin within hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, acute necrosis of random hepatocytes, and aggregation of leukocytes within the sinusoids. In both groups of mice the hepatic lesion had a centrilobular distribution and closely paralleled the appearance and distribution of copper within hepatocytes. Overall, beige mice had more severe copper-mediated hepatotoxicity, suggesting that normal lysosomes have protective effects for hepatocytes by sequestering copper from other cytoplasmic constituents.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effective control of glycemic status and toxicity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats with an orally administered vanadate compound.

A novel black tea decoction containing vanadate has successfully replaced insulin in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes but is untested in non-insulin-dependent diabetic animals. A tea-vanadate decoction (TV) containing 30 or 40 mg sodium orthovanadate was administered by oral gavage to two groups of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and a conventional water vehicle containing 30 or 40 mg of sodium orthovanadate to two others. In the latter group receiving the 30-mg dose, vanadate induced diarrhea in 50% of the rats and death in 10%. In contrast, TV-treated rats had no incidence of diarrhea and no deaths. Symptoms were more severe in both groups with higher vanadate doses, so these were discontinued. After approximately 16 weeks, the level of vanadium in plasma and tissue extracts was negligible in a further group of untreated rats but highly elevated after vanadate treatment. Vanadium levels were not significantly different between the TV-treated diabetic rats and the diabetic rats given vanadate in a water vehicle. Over the 115 days of the study, blood glucose levels increased from approximately 17 to 25 mmol/L in untreated diabetic rats. This was effectively lowered (to <10 mmol/L) by TV treatment. Fasting blood glucose levels were 5, 7, and 20 mmol/L in control (nondiabetic, untreated), TV-treated and untreated diabetic rats, respectively. Rats required treatment with TV for only approximately 50% of the days in the study. Increase in body mass during the study was significantly lower in untreated diabetic rats (despite higher food intake) than the other groups. Body mass gain and food intake were normal in TV-treated rats. Water intake was 28 mL/rat daily in control rats, 130 mL/rat daily in untreated diabetic rats, and 52 mL/rat daily in TV-treated diabetic rats. Plasma creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly depressed in untreated diabetic rats, and TV treatment normalized this. Our results demonstrate that a novel oral therapy containing black tea and vanadate possesses a striking capacity to regulate glucose and attenuates complications in a rat model of type II diabetes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Absence of interleukin-3 does not affect the severity of local and systemic anaphylaxis but does enhance eosinophil infiltration in a mouse model of allergic peritonitis.

Interleukin-3 (IL-3), which is derived from T cells and other sources, can promote the differentiation, proliferation, and migration of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. However, little is known about the ability of IL-3 to regulate the function of these cells in IgE-dependent and -independent allergic responses in vivo. Therefore, we sought to investigate the extent to which endogenously produced IL-3 can influence mast cell secretory function, the expression of local and systemic anaphylactic responses, and ragweed-induced eosinophilic peritonitis. We found that peritoneal mast cells from IL-3 deficient (IL-3 -/-) mice released less serotonin following challenge with low doses of anti-IgE antibody or antigen ex vivo than do cells isolated from corresponding wild-type (IL-3 +/+) mice. Both IL-3 -/- and +/+ mice expressed equivalent IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis responses following challenge with specific antigen and exhibited equivalent active systemic anaphylaxis responses to ovalbumin as assessed by changes in body temperature, death rates, total IgE production, and histamine release. In contrast, ragweed allergen immunization and peritoneal allergen challenge resulted in eosinophil recruitment that was greater in IL-3 -/- mice than in IL-3 +/+ mice. Our data demonstrates that IL-3 does not appear to be essential for local or systemic anaphylaxis. However, IL-3 production in vivo was found to enhance the mediator release from freshly isolated peritoneal mast cells stimulated ex vivo, and, unexpectedly, to inhibit the accumulation of eosinophils associated with a ragweed-induced allergic peritonitis model.

Allergens↗
PubMed2006

In vivo BMP-7 (OP-1) enhancement of osteoporotic vertebral bodies in an ovine model.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Prevention of osteoporotic vertebral fractures could help at-risk individuals avoid the pain and morbidity associated with these fractures. Currently, patients with osteoporosis are treated with systemic medications to reduce fracture risk. Although effective, these therapies do not eliminate fractures and also tend to have a gradual time-dependent effect on fracture risk. The mechanism of action of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family theoretically makes these molecules candidates for rapidly enhancing local bone structure. STUDY DESIGN: An in vivo study analyzing the effects of BMP-7 (osteogenic protein 1 [OP-1]) treatment on osteopenic ovine vertebral architecture and biomechanics. PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that local injection of OP-1 into osteopenic ovine vertebrae will improve bone mass and trabecular distribution, thereby reducing bone fragility and fracture risk. We specifically evaluated compressive biomechanics and morphology of osteopenic ovine vertebral bodies 6 months after local OP-1 treatment. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo animal study. METHODS: Skeletally mature sheep (n=24) underwent ovariectomy and were placed on low cation relative to anion diet. These interventions reduce bone density and induce skeletal fragility. After 6 months, sheep were randomly assigned to six treatment groups based on OP-1 dose (370 mg or 0 mg) and carrier with 4 animals/treatment group. Carriers A and B were poly-L-glycolic acid (PLGA) biospheres with different release kinetics (B allowing sustained BMP release); Carrier C was carboxymethylcellulose. After creating an 8-mm-diameter defect in the midvertebral body, sheep underwent intravertebral body implantation at two nonadjacent levels. Animals were euthanized 6 months after implantation and bone mineral density (BMD), biomechanics, and histomorphometry were assessed. Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine effects of OP-1 (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: An 81.9%, 333.2%, and 39.9% increase in stiffness was seen for OP-1 treated vertebra with Carriers A, B, and C respectively. Although these effects did not reach statistical significance, trends toward improvement were evident. Histology showed varied degrees of bony healing in the injection sites. Histomorphometrically, OP-1 treated vertebrae showed improvements in percent bone of up to 38% and star volume of up to 55% (with Carrier B). Improvements in whole vertebral body BMD were not detected for any treatment. CONCLUSION: In this study, local OP-1 treatment showed a positive trend in improving mechanical strength and histomorphometric parameters of osteopenic vertebra, despite the absence of consistent change in BMD. Controlled slow release of OP-1 using PLGA microspheres appeared to be the most effective method of protein delivery. In conclusion, we feel that the pilot data suggest that the use of OP-1 in the treatment of vertebral osteoporosis in an attempt to enhance bone strength merits further study.

Acidosis↗
PubMed2003

Enhanced hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells conditionally expressing Stat5.

The signal transducer Stat5 plays a key role in the regulation of hematopoietic differentiation and hematopoietic stem cell function. To evaluate the effects of Stat5 signaling in the earliest hematopoietic progenitors, we have generated an embryonic stem cell line in which Stat5 signaling can be induced with doxycycline. Ectopic Stat5 activation at the point of origin of the hematopoietic lineage (from day 4 to day 6 of embryoid body differentiation) significantly enhances the number of hematopoietic progenitors with colony-forming potential. It does so without significantly altering total numbers or apoptosis of hematopoietic cells, suggesting a cell-intrinsic effect of Stat5 on either the developmental potential or clonogenicity of this population. From day-6 embryoid bodies, under the influence of Stat5 signaling, a population of semiadherent cells can be expanded on OP9 stromal cells that is comprised of primitive hematopoietic blast cells with ongoing, mainly myeloid, differentiation. When these cells are injected into lethally irradiated mice, they engraft transiently in a doxycycline-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that the hematopoietic commitment of embryonic stem cells may be augmented by a Stat5-mediated signal, and highlight the utility of manipulating individual components of signaling pathways for engineering tissue-specific differentiation of stem cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Using computer-based models for predicting human thermal responses to hot and cold environments.

Four influential models, capable of predicting human responses to hot and cold environments and potentially suitable for use in practical applications, were evaluated by comparing their predictions with human data published previously. The models were versions of the Pierce Lab 2-node and Stolwijk and Hardy 25-node models of human thermoregulation, the Givoni and Goldman model of rectal temperature response, and ISO/DIS 7933. Experimental data were available for a wide range of environmental conditions, with air temperatures ranging from -10 to 50 degrees C, and with different levels of air movement, humidity, clothing and work. The experimental data were grouped into environment categories to allow examination of the effects of variables, such as wind or clothing, on the accuracy of the models' predictions. This categorization also enables advice to be given regarding which model is likely to provide the most accurate predictions for a particular combination of environmental conditions. Usually at least one of the models was able to give predictions with an accuracy comparable with the degree of variation that occurred within the data from the human subjects. The evaluation suggests that it is possible to make useful predictions of deep-body and mean skin temperature responses to cool, neutral, warm and hot environmental conditions. The models' predictions of deep-body temperature in the cold were poor. Overall, the 25-node model provided the most consistently accurate predictions. The 2-node model was often accurate but could be poor for exercise conditions. The rectal-temperature model usually overestimated deep-body temperature, although its predictions for very hot or heavy exercise conditions could be useful. The ISO model's allowable exposure times would not have protected subjects for some exercise conditions.

Body Temperature Regulation↗