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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Maturation of the auditory change detection response in infants: a longitudinal ERP study.

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a negative component of auditory event-related potential (ERP), reflecting the brain's automatic change detection process. In the present study we investigated the development of the pitch change detection, as indexed by the MMN, in the same infants from birth until 12 months of age. The MMN was identified in approximately 75% of infants at each age, being relatively stable in latency and amplitude at the group level across the ages studied. However, within the same subjects the MMN substantially varied from age to age. The inspection of individual data revealed a possible source of this variability: in a portion of 3- to 9-month-old infants, a large-amplitude positive component commenced at the latency of the MMN and thus might have masked it. The results of the additional experiment, employing distracting novel sounds in 2-year-old infants and newborns, suggested that the observed positive component could represent an infant analogue of the adult P3a response, indexing an involuntary orienting of attention. Therefore, the variability from age to age might be, at least partially, caused by the differences in degree of infants' orienting, resulting in the reduction of the scalp recorded mismatch negativity in recordings when the orienting P3a positivity was elicited.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2003

Differential susceptibility to 9-nitrocamptothecin (9-NC)-induced apoptosis in clones derived from a human ovarian cancer cell line: possible implications in the treatment of ovarian cancer patients with 9-NC.

We have investigated whether variability in the apoptotic pathway may account for the differential susceptibility to apoptosis-induction by 9-nitrocamptothecin (9-NC) in cell subpopulations derived from the human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV-3. Quantitative differences in the apoptotic fractions of cells were assessed by flow cytometry, whereas major regulatory and executing components of the apoptotic machinery were investigated by Western blot analysis using specific antibodies. The results indicate that indeed the apoptotic pathway was activated by 9-NC in some, but not all, cells of the SKOV-3 cell line, suggesting that 9-NC alone may partially be effective for treatment of patients with ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Genital uptake in renal transplant scintigraphy: is it normal blood pooling?

Although visualization of the genitalia on Tc-99m DTPA transplant renography has been reported previously, its frequency and clinical significance have not been fully evaluated. The authors conducted a retrospective evaluation of 153 renal transplant scintigrams obtained in 129 patients during a 2-year period. The results showed that significant genital blood pooling occurred in nearly 50% of studies. Because the finding was commonly associated with little or no radioactive urine in the bladder, as in acute tubular necrosis or poor graft function, exaggeration of the normal blood pool was thought to be the possible cause for its occurrence. It is, however, important to distinguish genital blood-pool activity from the bladder with radioactive urine to avoid making an incorrect diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Expression of COX-2, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and P21 in endometrial endometrioid carcinomas.

COX-2, the isoform of cyclooxygenase inducible by cytokines, mitogens, and growth factors, appears to play an important role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. In the colon, COX-2 overexpression results in cell cycle alterations, and NSAIDs have proven effective in cancer chemoprevention. HNPCC (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer) is a clinically defined cancer susceptibility syndrome in which women are also at significantly increased risk for the development of endometrial carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate expression of COX-2 in benign and malignant endometrium in the context of other cell cycle and proliferation markers, including Ki-67, cyclin D1, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. Immunostains with COX-2, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and p21 antibodies were performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 40 cases: 10 benign (5 atrophic and 5 proliferative) endometria, 6 hyperplasias (complex without atypia), and 24 endometrioid carcinomas (9 well, 4 moderately, and 11 poorly differentiated). Ki-67 was positive in all proliferative and neoplastic endometria. Cyclin D1 and p21 were both overexpressed in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinomas. COX-2 was negative in the nonneoplastic endometrium, stained minimally in the well-differentiated endometrioid carcinomas, and stained most strongly in the moderately and poorly differentiated endometrioid carcinomas. Because cyclin D1 may function as an oncogene, its effects may dominate the usual inhibitory effect of a rising p21. Alternatively, it has been shown that p21 can promote cell cycle function by stabilizing cell cycle complexes. The overexpression of COX-2 in poorly differentiated endometrioid carcinoma and lack of expression in hyperplasia and well-differentiated carcinoma suggests that in this form of cancer, COX-2 may play a role in tumor progression rather than tumor initiation.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Arterial oxygen saturation in patients undergoing perfusion lung scanning with 99Tcm-labelled macroaggregates of human serum albumin.

Radionuclide imaging of the lungs with 99Tcm-labelled macroaggregates of human serum albumin (99Tcm-MAA) is a safe, reliable and non-invasive method of diagnosing pulmonary embolism. It has been suggested that following intravenous injection of 99Tcm-MAA, arterial oxygen saturation falls significantly. Oxygen saturation was measured in 101 patients who had received an intravenous injection of 99Tcm-MAA prior to a perfusion lung scan. Readings were taken using a pulse oximeter at rest, immediately following injection, 10, 30 and 60 min post-injection. Twenty-five normal volunteers who were not injected acted as controls. Forty patients showed no change in oxygen saturation throughout the study. A fall of 1% was seen in 32 patients and 2-3% in 26 patients. Of the three patients who demonstrated a reduction in saturation of 6, 7 and 13%, two had chronic airways disease and one had left ventricular failure. Twenty out of 25 normal controls showed no change in saturation over the period of observation. Five showed a fluctuation of 1-2% between the measurements. All patients and controls remained asymptomatic with almost all readings returning to the initial values after 1 h. It was the patients with chest or heart disease who showed a fall in saturation. The study shows that the majority of patients undergoing a perfusion scan with 99Tcm-MAA show no significant fall in oxygen saturation. If a fall occurs, it may be related to the underlying disease process rather than to 99Tcm-MAA.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

16-Detector multislice CT-skeletal scintigraphy image co-registration.

OBJECTIVE: Co-registration of bone scintigrams with radiographs has been used in the diagnosis of wrist injuries, although co-registration of tomographic bone scintigraphy with computed tomography (CT) has not been widely reported. We describe a co-registration technique in patients with possible wrist fracture. METHODS: The technique was used on three patients and involved placing the wrist on a Perspex board and tracing the outline of the forearm and hand with a pen to try and ensure accurate repositioning on the board for the two sets of imaging. Four point source markers were attached to the board during both examinations. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed 4 h after injection Tc-methylenediphosphonate (MDP), using a dual-headed gamma camera. CT images were acquired on a 16-detector CT unit. The SPECT and CT images were co-registered with commercially available image fusion software. The centre of the four markers was identified in both sets of images and a rigid body point match algorithm was used. Before patient studies, the technique was tested using a phantom. RESULTS: In all the phantom and clinical studies it was possible to identify the positions of all the markers. There were varying degrees of success in patient repositioning. CONCLUSION: We describe a technique that may aid the fusion of functional images from skeletal scintigraphy with the exquisite anatomical detail from the latest CT technology, in the detection of occult wrist fractures. The technique may aid fracture localization and/or detection and might help distinguish the clinically important scaphoid fractures from other benign carpal lesions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1977

Lymphedema of the penis.

Lymphangiectomy with primary closure or skin grafting appears to be the treatment of choice for lymphedema of the penis. The method offers good cosmetic and functional results.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How reliable is the morphological diagnosis of penile ulcerations?

Material from 100 consecutive men who presented with penile ulcerations was tested for a variety of microorganisms. Fifty-one patients had microorganisms identified that were considered primary pathogens. The laboratory data were compared with the clinical diagnoses and the diagnostic accuracy and index of suspicion calculated. The diagnostic accuracy for lesions due to Treponema pallidum was 77.8%, Herpesvirus hominis 62.9% and Haemophilis ducreyi 33.3%, whereas the indexes of suspicion were 88.2%, 67.7% and 300% respecitively. These data show that the clinical diagnosis of genital ulcers is oftern inaccurate and that definitive diagnosis requires laboratory tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gardnerella vaginalis-associated balanoposthitis.

The clinical features, microbiologic investigation, and response to therapy of three patients with Gardnerella vaginalis-associated balanoposthitis were studied. Each man presented with a similar syndrome of diffuse erythema and pruritus of the glans meatus and coronal sulcus, irritation of the prepuce, and minimal urethral discharge. A characteristic fishy odor was present in the urethral discharge of all three patients. G. vaginalis was isolated from the glans of all three, and clue cells were present in two. In all cases, cultures for Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum were negative. All three patients responded to oral therapy with metronidazole and concurrent treatment of the partner. Two patients subsequently relapsed but ultimately responded to clindamycin therapy. These men presented with a distinctive clinical syndrome of balanoposthitis associated with G. vaginalis, which is in many respects similar to the syndrome of bacterial vaginosis in women. Our data indicate that balanoposthitis may have a polymicrobial and synergistic etiology involving G. vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in the male lower genital tract; such an etiology is analogous to that of bacterial vaginosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nosocomial infectious balanoposthitis in neutropenic patients.

We have reported balanoposthitis as a source of fever and bacteremia in two neutropenic uncircumcised patients. The etiologic organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa in one case and Providencia stuartii in the other. In one patient, the diagnosis was delayed by the presence of a condom catheter. This emphasizes the importance of personal hygiene in uncircumcised men about to undergo immunosuppressive therapy, and the need for judicious use of condom catheters in such patients.

Agranulocytosis↗