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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Esophago-thoracic fistula after pneumonectomy and long-term main bronchus stump fistula].

A woman patient admitted for treatment, who had reached the age of 65 years, had a previous history of an open pulmonary tuberculosis in 1946 that had been treated at that time by means of collapsotherapy and phrenico-exeresis. Pleuropneumonectomy was performed in 1976 because of a residual cavity of a thoracic empyema. Since 1978 the patient suffered from a fistula of the bronchus treated by postural therapy without achieving a cure. In 1989 a fistula formed between oesophagus and pneumonectomy cavity. Clinically this was associated with an increasing reduction of performance and a suddenly ineffective postural drainage, resulting in triphasic and eventually fatal aspiration. Histology revealed a suppurative inflammation in the fistular channel and a slight superficial Candida colonisation of the pneumonectomy cavity, of the fistular channel and of adjacent mucous glands of the oesophagus. Formation of the fistula was probably due to a small traction diverticulum followed by perforation because of obstructed oesophageal passage due to scarified distortions.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Effects of microbial stimulation on the number, size and activity of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) structures in the pig.

The development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was investigated in the pig, which is a species in which BALT is not found constantly. Different routes of contact with a specifically lung-pathogen bacterium Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae were tested. Pigs, selected by bacteriological screening methods and the number of granulocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), were infected by aerosol. They were compared to previously enterally immunized pigs using active and inactivated bacteria. The development of BALT after the infection was compared to that in pigs with a single enteral, or no, contact with the bacterium. BALT was less frequent in these groups than in the infected pigs. Previously immunized pigs developed the highest number and the largest BALT with the most prominent morphological signs of activation. Immunization with living or inactivated bacteria did not cause histological differences. BALT was preferentially located around bronchioli and small bronchi. Additional BALT predominantly occurred in the walls of larger bronchi. Definite compartments of T and B lymphocytes were not found in immunohistological studies of BALT. It was concluded that the development of BALT can be induced by different modes of microbial stimulation.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed2005

[A case report of complete obstruction of the left main bronchus caused by recurrent esophageal carcinoma with pulmonary embolism of right lung after surgery for esophageal cancer].

A 54-year-old woman complained of dyspnea, due to complete obstruction of the left main bronchus caused by recurrent esophageal carcinoma, was transferred to our department about two months after curative resection (with preoperative chemotherapy for T4 cancer) in July 2004. She suddenly developed a severe shortness of breath with anxiety, and arterial blood gas analysis revealed a PaO2 of 25 mmHg (FiO2 1.0). The presence of pulmonary embolism was diagnosed by pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy. Thrombolytic therapy with urokinase was started to keep the air way. Fogarty catheter and bronchoscopic Nd-YAG laser treatment was performed. After that, an expandable metallic stent (EMS) was placed at the site of obstruction without any troubles, and there was a striking improvement in her condition of respiration and atelectasis. The radiation therapy was initiated and completed safely. The tumor lesion had disappeared on CT scan after the radiation therapy (a total dose of 50 Gy). We experienced a case that could be rescued from an advanced respiratory failure caused by one side air way obstruction and another side's blood circulation disorder.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1991

[Radiation injury presenting as tumor recurrence following irradiation for non-small-cell bronchus carcinoma].

Case records of two irradiated patients, each with an inoperable non-small cell carcinoma of the bronchus, are presented. After an initial period of 1.3 and 2.3 years, respectively, of regression of the tumour symptoms occurred, viz. severe pain due to multiple rib fractures in one and a superior vena cava syndrome in the other, suggestive of tumour regrowth. Careful comparison of results of all radiographic images and radiotherapy data suggested osteoradionecrosis as the cause of the rib fractures in one patient. The long time interval and the stabilization of the symptoms in the other made tumour regrowth unlikely. The so called late tissue reaction after radiotherapy as a possible cause of symptoms in both patients is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Right main bronchus obstruction in a patient intubated with a left double-lumen tube for thoracic aortic surgery].

A 29-year-old woman with a tubular thoracic aortic graft prosthesis, placed after repair of a postcoarctation site aneurysm, was reoperated due to fungal infection of the prosthesis. A left thoracotomy was performed and single lung ventilation established through a double lumen tube followed by extracorporeal circulation (ECC), deep hypothermia, and cessation of blood circulation. The venous drainage tube was placed in the right pulmonary artery and arterial return was located in the descending aorta. After replacement of the prosthesis and interruption of ECC, attempts to ventilate the right lung failed. Fiberoptic examination revealed that the carina and tracheal wall completely occluded the opening of the right main bronchus. ECC was interrupted and the left lung was ventilated, but after withdrawal of the tube from the pulmonary artery and repositioning the patient in supine decubitus, oxygenation and right lung ventilation improved. The patient was extubated after 20 hours and discharged home 6 weeks later.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late bronchoplasty for missed traumatic rupture of bronchus.

Two patients of traumatic rupture of main bronchus are reported here. One patient presented 2 years after blunt chest trauma while the other patient presented 9 weeks after trauma. Lesion in both patients were missed in the immediate post-trauma period. In both patients pulmonary angiogram demonstrated normal vasculature in the atelectatic lung, while intraoperatively good compliance and elasticity were found. Bronchoplasty done in both patients had good postoperative results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of peptidergic nerve fibers in rat bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue: light microscopic observations.

The localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the nerve fibers of rat bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was investigated by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. Nerve fiber bundles revealing NPY-like immunoreactivity were shown to enter the BALT together with pulmonary artery branches. They frequently reached the central zone of the BALT to give rise to fine, tortuous fibers. On the other hand, nerve fibers immunoreactive for SP and CGRP seemed to distribute in the subepithelial zone of the BALT after dissociating from fiber networks in the walls of bronchi, although small numbers of SP and CGRP fibers were also seen in the BALT central zone. CGRP fibers formed a more intense network than SP fibers in the BALT. Scattered VIP fibers were found only in the subepithelial zone of the BALT. These findings not only suggest that the four kinds of peptidergic fibers act on BALT in multiple ways, but also that these neuropeptides may be involved in the control of mucosal immunity, lymphocyte migration and proliferation within the BALT.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Oat cell carcinoma of the bronchus and the carcinoid syndrome.

A man with high urinary levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid had an oat cell carcinoma of the bronchus. The patient had symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome and at autopsy was found to have evidence of carcinoid heart disease. This report supports the hypothesis that bronchial carcinoids and oat cell carcinomas are derived from argentaffin (Kulchitsky)-type cells of the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Inhibition of airway smooth muscle contraction by airway epithelium in human bronchus].

To clarify the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of epithelial cells on smooth muscle contraction, we studied two types of human bronchial tissue preparations: (1) "acceptor" bronchial strip without epithelium, (2) "donor" bronchial ring with or without epithelium. We measured the contractile responses of acceptor bronchial strip surrounded by donor bronchial ring to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh). Removal of the epithelium of the donor bronchial rings significantly enhanced the contractions of the acceptor bronchial strips. Thus, airway epithelium decreases the airway smooth muscle contraction to ACh in human bronchus. The mechanism of this inhibitory effect of airway epithelium was not due to a change in mechanical property of the airway, nor to a change in diffusion path for the chemical mediators. These results suggest that human airway epithelium may have an important role in modulating airway smooth muscle tone, possibly by the release of an epithelium-derived relaxing factor.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[Does tissue pH measurement quantify circulation in the transplanted bronchus in lung transplantation].

Ischemia of the airway is the main cause of severe complications in lung transplantation. Tissue-pH is used as an indicator of ischemia in the myocardium and various other tissues. We developed a pH needle probe which can be applied through a bronchoscope to enable repeated measurements of the pH in the bronchus mucosa. In 8 conditioned mongrel dogs (20-25 kg) an autotransplant of a 4-ring segment of the thoracic trachea was performed and wrapped with an omental pedicle flap in 4 of them (omentum group vs control group). PH-measurements of the mucosa were performed at 3 points of the circumference of the normal trachea as well as the transplant. The measurements were done immediately postoperative and at day 3, 8, 14 and 20 using a modified MI 506 pH-needle electrode with an Ag-AgCl skin reference electrode and a Fisher accumet pH-meter (model 910). After 3 weeks or at occurrence of a severe tracheal stenosis macroscopic and histologic examination of the trachea was done. All animals in the omentum group finished the study. One developed severe stenosis due to tracheal malacia. Three of the four control-dogs had a severe tracheal stenosis at day 12, 13 and 16 which necessitated termination of the experiment. The pH-difference between trachea and transplant immediately postoperative was 0.16 +/- 0.02 in the 4 dogs with healed transplants and 0.15 + 0.03 in the 4 dogs with stenosis due to chondromalacia. Follow-up measurements at day 3 and 8 showed a pH-difference of 0.2 for the group with chondromalacia vs. 0.1 for the healed tracheas (not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1990

[Solitary squamous papilloma of the bronchus: report of a case].

A 30-year-old man had a history of smoking 1-2 packs per week for 10 years. He had suffered from a productive cough with whitish mucoid sputum for two months. Left anterior chest pain, palpitation and shortness of breath developed about two weeks before his admission. Chest radiographs showed collapse of the left lower lobe. Bronchoscopy revealed a strawberry-like tumor on the left main bronchus with nearly complete obstruction. Pathology showed bronchial squamous papilloma with surface dysplasia, but no evidence of malignancy. The obstructed lumen was completely reopened by bronchoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy. Unfortunately, the tumor recurred two months later. Therefore a sleeve resection of the tumor was performed six months after the laser photoresection. After two years of follow-up, no evidence of tumor recurrence has been found.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus. Factors affecting survival.

A review was made of the presentation, treatment, and follow-up of 20 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma and 12 patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus who were seen at the Mayo Clinic during the 50 year period 1927 through 1977. Three forms of therapy were employed: complete surgical resection, radiation therapy alone, and radiation therapy after endoscopic removal of tumor tissue. Superior results were obtained in the group with adenoid cystic carcinoma, when complete resection was possible. Significant survival and palliation of sepsis was achieved with subtotal resection. The mucoepidermoid carcinomas in this series were classified on the basis of histologic differentiation. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Grade 1 was managed by conservative pulmonary resection. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Grades 2 and 3 showed a greater propensity for malignancy. Widespread dissemination caused death with unresectable high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas of Grades 2 and 3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Compression syndrome of the left main bronchus].

Case report of the findings of a pulmonary atelectasis as the result from a compression of the left main bronchus by an enlarged left atrium with preconsisting double mitral valve disease and aortic insufficiency (King-Landau-Rivero-Syndrome). The diagnosis was confirmed clinically, by x-ray and by endoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Muco epidermoid tumor of the bronchus in a 8 year old girl (author's transl)].

A 8 year-old girl was referred with a mucoepidermoid tumor of the bronchus. Surgery was tried before a mediastin left likeness; diagnosis resided in histology of the surgical piece. Reading of medical literature, very slight for children, corroborate difficulties of histologic classification of these tumors, and especially their doubtful forecast.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

[Primary non-squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea and main bronchus--analysis of 17 cases].

Seventeen patients with primary non-squamous cell carcinoma in the trachea and main bronchus are reported. Tomography and bronchoscopy are of great help in the diagnosis of this disease. CT scan is useful to show the extent of the tumor and lymph node metastasis. The treatment should depend on the extent of the lesion, pathologic type and general condition of the patient. Surgery is the treatment of choice for the early stage lesion, while pre- or post-operative irradiation is given to patients with larger tumor. In patients with localized lesion but unsuitable for operation because of late stage or poor differentiation of the tumor, radical radiotherapy alone should be used. A total dose of 70-80 Gy/7-8 weeks is suggested.

Adenocarcinoma↗