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PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of Chitra granule and powder (hydroxyapatite) in alveolar bone regeneration in rabbits. A histological evaluation.

The reconstruction or restoration of osseous defects caused by inflammatory periodontal disease is a continuing challenge in periodontal therapy. Great strides are being made to this effect using alloplasts such as hydroxyapatite. The present study was designed in Newzealand dwarf rabbits to observe the biologic response of periodontal tissues to synthetically prepared hydroxyapatite in both powder and granule forms by Srichitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum and to compare it with that of a commercially available, pure resorbable hydroxyapatite, OsteoGen (HA Resorb). The test materials were implanted in the artificially created bonydefects in the mandible via an intraoral approach. The wounds were allowed to heal upto 26 weeks postimplantation. The clinical evaluation at 12 weeks and 26 weeks postimplantation revealed neither any evidence of inflammation, infection or abscess formation nor any exposure or exfoliation of test materials. The histological examination of the implant sites at 12 and 26 weeks postimplantation revealed varying extent of formation of new osseous tissue and periodontal fibers. A comparison between test materials and control suggested that Chitra granules exhibit a relatively greater potential for newbone and periodontal fibre formation.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2001

Growth hormone treatment promotes guided bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects.

This study evaluated the biomechanical strength and bone formation in calvarial critical size bone defects covered with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membranes in rats treated systemically with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). A full-thickness bone defect, 5 mm in diameter, was trephined in the central part of each parietal bone in 40 one-year-old female Wistar rats, which were randomly assigned to two groups of 20 animals each. The bone defects were covered with an exocranial and an endocranial e-PTFE membrane. From the day of operation, the rhGH-treated animals were given 2.7 mg rhGH/kg/day and the placebo-injected rats were given isotonic sodium chloride. The animals were killed 28 days after operation. The biomechanical test was performed by a punch out test procedure placing a 3.5-mm diameter steel punch in the centre of the right healed defect. After mechanical testing, the newly formed tissue inside the defect was removed and the dry and ash weights were measured. The left healed defects were used for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction by means of micro-computer tomography (micro-CT). Ultimate load, ultimate stiffness, and energy absorption at ultimate load were significantly increased in the rhGH-treated group (P < 0.003). Also, tissue dry and ash weights were significantly augmented in the rhGH-treated group (P < 0.001). The 3D reconstruction of newly formed bone showed that there was almost twice as much bone volume present in the rhGH-treated defects compared with the placebo group. The experiment demonstrated that rhGH administration enhances bone deposition and mechanical strength of healing rat calvarial defects, covered with e-PTFE membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Preparation of poly(L-lactic acid)-polysiloxane-calcium carbonate hybrid membranes for guided bone regeneration.

A novel poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/calcium carbonates hybrid membrane containing polysiloxane was prepared using aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for biodegradable bone-guided regeneration. Carboxy groups in the PLLA made a chemical bond with amino groups in APTES, resulting in the formation of the hybrid membrane. The polysiloxane-hybridized PLLA was an amorphous phase. The membrane formed hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) on its surface after 3d of soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy showed that the HCA layer includes Si with Ca and P. After soaking the membrane in SBF, almost no Si was present in SBF. The membrane is expected to be a satisfactory substrate for the formation of the silicon-containing HCA layer using the SBF-soaking method. A result of osteoblast-like cellular proliferation on the membrane and the membrane coated with silicon-containing HCA showed no cell toxicity. The membrane coated with silicon-containing HCA had much higher cell-proliferation ability than the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Bone regeneration for reintegration in peri-implant destruction.

Complications and deterioration around functional osseointegrated implants stem from two major factors: bacterial-initiated disease and overloading. Peri-implant breakdown can occur during the postsurgical phase and before the reconstructive phase as a result of surgical trauma and/or predisposed compromised recipient bone site. Technical errors also potentially contribute to bone loss, which results in the loss of osseointegration. Two case reports associated with peri-implant destruction are presented. The possible etiologic factors are discussed, and an attempt to regenerate lost peri-implant tissue is demonstrated via guided bone regeneration principles using barrier membranes.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Reconstruction of human maxillary defects with nacre powder: histological evidence for bone regeneration.

The defective areas in the premolar-molar region of maxillary alveolar bone of eight patients were reconstructed using powdered nacre from the giant oyster Pinctada maxima. Histological, microradiographic and polarized light studies of drill biopsies taken 6 months postoperatively showed that nacre was tightly bound to newly-formed bone. The nacre was gradually and centripetally biodissolved and replaced with immature and then mature lamellar bone. These results are in agreement with our previous experimental in vitro data indicating that nacre has good osteogenic properties.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Bone regeneration by modified gene-activated matrix: effectiveness in segmental tibial defects in rats.

Gene-activated matrix (GAM) is a matrix, such as collagen-containing plasmid vector, that encodes a protein to stimulate tissue regeneration. In the original GAM system, gene transfer efficiency was extremely low. We have recently reported that modifying GAM with calcium-phosphate precipitates (CaP) enhances the efficiency of gene transfer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of our modified GAM on tissue regeneration. We prepared critical size segmental bone defects in rat tibiae and transplanted GAM consisting of bovine atelocollagen and expression plasmid vector (bmp2), which encodes human BMP2, with or without CaP. The tibiae were later examined radiographically, histologically, and mechanically. Implantation of bmp2-CaP-collagen at 12 microg bmp2 bridged the bone defect at 4 weeks, and the strength of the bone was comparable to that of an intact tibia at 6 weeks. Implantation of bmp2-collagen at the same dose of bmp2 bridged the defect to a smaller extent. Neither collagen alone nor vacant vector-CaP-collagen bridged the defect. These results indicate that our modified GAM with CaP has the potential to be effective in tissue regeneration at lower plasmid DNA doses than used in previous studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Radiographic evidence of bone regeneration using oxidized cellulose mesh as a bioabsorbable membrane: some case studies.

Guided tissue regeneration has been described as a technique to enhance the regrowth of the periodontal tissues after surgical therapy. Originally, nondegradable materials were used for this purpose, but more recently, degradable materials have been advocated for this purpose. Utilizing an adapted technique in which the material was used as an infill material and barrier membrane, this small study in human subjects has demonstrated radiographically that the defects are filled with a bone-like material over a protracted period. Regeneration of tissues, with bone deposition in infrabony defects, may not be complete as long as 12 months after surgery.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗