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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Differences in resting state regional cerebral blood flow assessed with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT and brain atlas matching between depressed patients with and without tinnitus.

An increased occurrence of major depressive disorder has been reported in tinnitus patients, and of tinnitus in depressive patients. Involvement of several Brodmann areas (BAs) has been reported in tinnitus perception. The aim of this study was to assess the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in depressed patients with and without tinnitus. The rCBF distribution at rest was compared among 45 patients with a lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder, of whom 27 had severe tinnitus, and 26 normal healthy subjects. 99mTc-hexamethylenepropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using a three-headed gamma camera, was performed and the uptake in 34 functional sub-volumes of the brain bilaterally was assessed by a computerized brain atlas. Decreased rCBF in right frontal lobe BA 45 (P<0.05), the left parietal lobe BA 39 (P<0.00) and the left visual association cortex BA 18 (P<0.05) was found in tinnitus patients compared with non-tinnitus patients. The proportion of tinnitus patients with pronounced rCBF alterations in one or more of the temporal lobe BAs 41+21+22 was increased compared to gender matched controls (P<0.00) and patients without tinnitus (P<0.05). Positive correlations were found between trait anxiety scales from the Karolinska Scales of Personality and rCBF in tinnitus patients only in three limbic BAs (P<0.01), and inverse correlations in non-tinnitus patients only in five BAs subserving auditory perception and processing (P<0.05). rCBF differences between healthy controls and depressed patients with and without tinnitus were found in this study. The rCBF alterations were distributed in the cortex and were particularly specific in the auditory cortex. These findings suggest that taking audiological symptoms into account may yield more consistent results between rCBF studies of depression.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

The influence of dose of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor on systolic blood pressure variability in heart failure: a substudy of the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival in heart failure (ATLAS) trial.

UNLABELLED: Heart failure is associated with a decreased variability in circadian systolic blood pressure. ACE inhibitors have been shown to be beneficial in CHF. However, the effect of the magnitude of the dose of ACE inhibitor on blood pressure variability has not been reported. The objective of this sub-study of the ATLAS trial was to determine if there was a difference in effect on systolic blood pressure variability of two doses (35mg, 'high'; and, 5mg, 'low') of the ACE inhibitor, lisinopril, in patients with heart failure (class II-IV; NYHA). Criteria for inclusion were: symptomatic heart failure (class II-IV; NYHA), left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 30%, and 2 months of conventional therapy with diuretics with, or without, digoxin. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure was recorded prior to randomization and after peak titration (4 weeks) of the study drug for analysis of variability of systolic blood pressure variability. The high dose of lisinopril was associated with greater variability of 24 h systolic blood pressure as noted by inspection of the 24 h recordings or calculation of the blood pressure variability index (P < 0.05). The greater variability in SBP was not associated with a difference in mean 24 h arterial blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Variation in circadian systolic blood pressure is useful in reflecting the influence of the magnitude of dose of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril on the pharmacodynamics of patients with heart failure.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2001

A probabilistic atlas and reference system for the human brain: International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM).

Motivated by the vast amount of information that is rapidly accumulating about the human brain in digital form, we embarked upon a program in 1992 to develop a four-dimensional probabilistic atlas and reference system for the human brain. Through an International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) a dataset is being collected that includes 7000 subjects between the ages of eighteen and ninety years and including 342 mono- and dizygotic twins. Data on each subject includes detailed demographic, clinical, behavioural and imaging information. DNA has been collected for genotyping from 5800 subjects. A component of the programme uses post-mortem tissue to determine the probabilistic distribution of microscopic cyto- and chemoarchitectural regions in the human brain. This, combined with macroscopic information about structure and function derived from subjects in vivo, provides the first large scale opportunity to gain meaningful insights into the concordance or discordance in micro- and macroscopic structure and function. The philosophy, strategy, algorithm development, data acquisition techniques and validation methods are described in this report along with database structures. Examples of results are described for the normal adult human brain as well as examples in patients with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. The ability to quantify the variance of the human brain as a function of age in a large population of subjects for whom data is also available about their genetic composition and behaviour will allow for the first assessment of cerebral genotype-phenotype-behavioural correlations in humans to take place in a population this large. This approach and its application should provide new insights and opportunities for investigators interested in basic neuroscience, clinical diagnostics and the evaluation of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

An allelic resolution gene atlas for tetraploid potato provides insights into tuberization and stress resilience.

Tubers are modified underground stems that enable asexual, clonal reproduction and serve as a mechanism for overwintering and avoidance of herbivory. Tubers are wide-spread across angiosperms with some species such as Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) serving as a vital crop for human consumption. Genes responsible for tuber initiation and disease resistance have been characterized in potato including StSP6A, a homolog of Flowering Time, that functions as tuberigen, the equivalent of florigen. To elucidate additional molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying potato biology including tuber initiation, tuber development, and stress responses, we generated a developmental and abiotic/biotic-stress gene expression atlas from 34 tissues and treatments of Atlantic, a tetraploid cultivar. Using the haplotype-phased tetraploid Atlantic genome assembly and expression abundances of 129,218 genes, we constructed gene coexpression modules that represent networks associated with distinct developmental stages as well as stress responses. Functional annotations were given to modules and used to identify genes involved in tuberization and stress resilience. Structural variation from a pan-genomic analysis across four cultivated potato genome assemblies as well as domestication and wild introgression data allowed for deeper insights into the modules to identify key genes involved in tuberization and stress responses. This study underscores the importance of transcriptional regulation in tuberization and provides a comprehensive framework for future research on potato development and improvement.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2025

Longitudinal Multi-Organ Transcriptomic Atlas of Salt-Induced Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Salt-sensitive hypertension is a prevalent and clinically significant subtype of hypertension, where increased dietary salt intake elevates blood pressure and causes injury to multiple organ systems. Despite extensive research, dynamic molecular changes and conserved versus organ-specific transcriptional programs in hypertensive multi-organ damage remain poorly understood. Defining complex molecular pathways both in a temporal sequence and in an organ-specific manner is essential for developing targeted, precision therapies to mitigate hypertensive disease burden. METHODS: We generated a longitudinal multi-organ transcriptomic atlas of salt-sensitive hypertension using RNA sequencing of kidney cortex, kidney medulla, heart, and liver from Dahl salt-sensitive rats across four disease stages. A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis mapped dynamic transcriptional programs, evaluated 50 biological pathways, and defined upstream regulators. Histological and biochemical assays complemented transcriptomic analysis, while integration with human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and compound-transcriptome analysis provided translational insights and identified candidate therapeutics. RESULTS: Salt-induced hypertension elicited both shared and tissue-specific transcriptional programs that evolved with disease progression. The kidney medulla showed robust early immune activation with metabolic suppression, while the cortex exhibited transient metabolic activation before declining and initiating immune activation. The liver and heart showed time-dependent metabolic and inflammatory remodeling. Cross-organ comparisons revealed a shared early proliferative response that converged on proinflammatory and fibrotic signatures. Upstream regulator analysis identified 79 time- and tissue-specific transcription factors associated with gene expression dynamics. GWAS integration analysis revealed endocrine signaling, ion transport, lipid metabolism, and detoxification as conserved pathways across species, underscoring the translational relevance of the model and study. Predictive compound-transcriptome analyses identified kinase inhibitors targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin and cyclin-dependent kinases as top candidates to counteract maladaptive transcriptional programs. CONCLUSIONS: This study defines temporal and tissue-specific transcriptomic remodeling in salt-sensitive hypertension and highlights the need for precision interventions to prevent progressive organ damage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2025

An RNA polymerase III tissue and tumor atlas uncovers context-specific activities linked to 3D epigenome regulatory mechanisms.

RNA polymerase III (Pol III) produces a plethora of small noncoding RNA species involved in diverse cellular processes, from transcription regulation and splicing to RNA stability, translation, and proteostasis. Though Pol III activity is broadly coupled with cellular demands for protein synthesis and growth, a more precise understanding of gene-level dynamics and context-specific expression patterns remains missing, in part due to challenges related to sequencing and mapping Pol III-derived small ncRNAs. Here, we establish a predictive multi-tissue map of human Pol III activity across 19 tissues and 23 primary cancer subtypes by comprehensively profiling the chromatin accessibility of canonical Pol III-transcribed gene classes. Our framework relies on the unique relationship between gene accessibility and Pol III transcription, inferring activity through uniform binary classification of ATAC-seq enrichment at Pol III-transcribed genes. By characterizing multi-context gene uniformity, we provide a definition of the core Pol III transcriptome, broadly active across specialized tissues, and catalog genes with varied levels of context specificity. Our genomic Pol III atlas uncovers variable levels of activity across tissues, including sharp contraction of the Pol III transcriptome in heart and brain tissues and frequent expansion across diverse cancers. We show that both tissue- and tumor-specific genes are significantly enriched within lamina-associated domains (LADs), and that aberrant expression of nuclear lamin proteins is sufficient to induce Pol III-emergent patterns at tumor-specific genes. Together, these findings link Pol III dynamics to subnuclear compartmentalization and provide a resource for better understanding Pol III expansion and small RNA biogenesis in cancer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Registering coronal histological 2-D sections of a rat brain with coronal sections of a 3-D brain atlas using geometric curve invariants and B-spline representation.

A new approach is proposed for registering a set of histological coronal two-dimensional images of a rat brain sectional material with coronal sections of a three-dimensional brain atlas, an intrinsic step and a significant challenge to current efforts in brain mapping and multimodal fusion of experimental data. The alignment problem is based on matching external contours of the brain sections, and operates in the presence of tissue distortion and tears which are routinely encountered, and possible scale, rotation, and shear changes (the affine and weak perspective groups). It is based on a novel set of local absolute affine invariants derived from the set of ordered inflection points on the external contour represented by a cubic B-spline curve. The inflection points are local intrinsic geometric features, which are preserved under both the affine and the weak perspective transformations. The invariants are constructed from the sequence of area patches bounded by the contour and the line connecting two consecutive inflection points, and hence do make direct use of the area (volume) invariance property associated with the affine transformation. These local absolute invariants are very well suited to handle the tissue distortion and tears (occlusion problem).

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Scoring of atopic dermatitis by SCORAD using a training atlas by investigators from different disciplines. ETAC Study Group. Early Treatment of the Atopic Child.

The ETAC (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) study, a multi-national double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trials, has been in progress since 1994. Fifty-six centers in Europe and Canada participate in this study. A total of 817 children with atopic dermatitis [AD] were recruited. The severity of AD was scored using the SCORAD (objective criteria). Ninety-eight investigators (mostly pediatricians) were trained by three members of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis [ETFAD] to standardize their objective SCORAD scoring (system developed by the ETFAD). The experts selected photographs and prepared a training atlas. The percentages of photographs assessed by the 98 non-expert investigators below, within and above the range of evaluations by the three experts were calculated. Taking over and underscoring together, edema/papulation was the easiest intensity item to score (82% within the range by the experts). The global symptom score, as well as lichenification, edema/papulation, oozing and excoriation registered by physicians with dermatological experience were not statistically significantly different from those by other. Erythema was statistically significantly better scored by those with dermatological experience. The results of the Euclidean Distance method showed that the item excoriations gave the largest distance. Erythema and excoriations were scored better by dermatologically experienced physicians (t-test, p = 0.042 and p = 0.063 respectively), but lichenification was better scored by non-dermatologically experienced physicians (p = 0.013). The extent of surface area involved in the disease was calculated on 3 sets of photographs. Most evaluations by the 98 nonexpert investigators were within the range of the experts. Dermatologically experienced physicians scored significantly better than the others (t-test, p = 0.006). This training program is useful for standardizing the scoring in AD and indicates that SCORAD can be used by investigators from different disciplines.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed1993

Atlas personality.

The paper concerns individuals who, as children, were asked to provide comprehensive psychological support for their family of origin. They cared for others before being taken care of themselves. They took on adult responsibilities from a very young age with the result of missing important aspects of their childhood. They became very sensitive and responsive to the needs of their parents and tried desperately to protect and stabilize their chaotic, angry and erratic families. They were anxious, depressed and crushed by the assumption of a role that was clearly beyond their abilities. The Atlas personalities retained their excessive sensitivity and concern for the emotional well-being of others into their adult life. As adults, they were persistently depressed and anxious and unaware of their own needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

An allelic resolution gene atlas for tetraploid potato provides insights into tuberization and stress resilience.

Tubers are modified underground stems that enable asexual, clonal reproduction and serve as a mechanism for overwintering and avoidance of herbivory. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is cultivated for its tubers, which serve as a major crop. Genes responsible for tuber initiation and disease resistance have been characterized in potato including StSP6A, a homolog of flowering time, that functions as a tuberigen, the equivalent of a florigen. To elucidate additional molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying potato biology including tuber initiation, tuber development, and stress responses, we generated a developmental and abiotic/biotic-stress gene expression atlas from 34 tissues and treatments of the tetraploid potato cultivar, Atlantic. Using the haplotype-phased tetraploid Atlantic genome assembly and expression abundances of 129&#x2009;218 genes, we constructed gene coexpression modules that represent networks associated with distinct developmental stages as well as stress responses. Functional annotations were given to modules and used to identify genes involved in tuberization and stress resilience. Structural variation from a pan-genomic analysis across four cultivated potato genome assemblies as well as domestication and wild introgression data allowed for deeper insights into the modules to identify key genes involved in tuberization and stress responses. This study underscores the importance of transcriptional regulation in tuberization and provides a comprehensive framework for future research on potato development and improvement.

Solanum tuberosum↗
PubMed2005

The development of the EULAR-OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis MRI reference image atlas.

Based on a previously developed rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring system (OMERACT 2002 RAMRIS), the development team agreed which joints, MRI features, MRI sequences, and image planes would best illustrate the scoring system in an atlas. After collecting representative examples for all grades for each abnormality (synovitis, bone oedema, and bone erosion), the team met for a three day period to review the images and choose by consensus the most illustrative set for each feature, site, and grade. A predefined subset of images (for example, for erosion--all coronal slices through the bone) was extracted. These images were then re-read by the group at a different time point to confirm the scores originally assigned. Finally, all selected images were photographed and formatted by one centre and distributed to all readers for final approval.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2005

The EULAR-OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis MRI reference image atlas: the metacarpophalangeal joints.

This paper presents the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint magnetic resonance images of the EULAR-OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis MRI reference image atlas. The illustrations include synovitis in the MCP joints (OMERACT RA magnetic resonance imaging scoring system (RAMRIS), grades 0-3), bone oedema in the metacarpal head and the phalangeal base (grades 0-3), and bone erosion in the metacarpal head and the phalangeal base (grades 0-3, and examples of higher grades). The presented reference images can be used to guide scoring of MCP joints according to the OMERACT RA MRI scoring system.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2005

The EULAR-OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis MRI reference image atlas: the wrist joint.

This paper presents the wrist joint MR images of the EULAR-OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis MRI reference image atlas. Reference images for scoring synovitis, bone oedema, and bone erosions according to the OMERACT RA MRI scoring (RAMRIS) system are provided. All grades (0-3) of synovitis are illustrated in each of the three wrist joint areas defined in the scoring system--that is, the distal radioulnar joint, the radiocarpal joint, and the intercarpal-carpometacarpal joints. For reasons of feasibility, examples of bone abnormalities are limited to five selected bones: the radius, scaphoid, lunate, capitate, and a metacarpal base. In these bones, grades 0-3 of bone oedema are illustrated, and for bone erosion, grades 0-3 and examples of higher grades are presented. The presented reference images can be used to guide scoring of wrist joints according to the OMERACT RA MRI scoring system.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Occupation and cancer in London: an investigation into nasal and bladder cancer using the Cancer Atlas.

The Atlas of Cancer Mortality for England and Wales showed pronounced excesses of male mortality from nasal and bladder cancer in certain London boroughs. These excesses were investigated by case-referent studies using death certificate data for male deaths, 1968-78. Nasal cancer was found to be significantly associated with occupations involving heavy exposure to wood dust. Bladder cancer was significantly associated with occupations in road transport driving and in the handling of leather, whereas consistently raised relative risk ratios were also found for wood-workers, engineering fitters, printers, machinists, plumbers, and motor mechanics. These findings highlight the potential role of occupational factors in cancer causation in London.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Penile prosthetic implants: a radiographic atlas.

This article provides an atlas of penile prosthetic implants currently in use. It is believed that an understanding of the structure and mechanism of these prostheses is essential to an accurate radiologic assessment of their integrity and to the recognition of the cause in cases of malfunction.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1997

Three-dimensional hippocampal MR morphometry with high-dimensional transformation of a neuroanatomic atlas.

PURPOSE: To test automated three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging morphometry of the human hippocampus, to determine the potential gain in precision compared with conventional manual morphometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A canonical three-dimensional MR image atlas was used as a deformable template and automatically matched to three-dimensional MR images of 10 individuals (five healthy and five schizophrenic subjects). A subvolume containing the hippocampus was defined by using 16 landmarks that constrained the automated search for hippocampal boundaries. Transformation of the hippocampus template was automatically performed by using global pattern matching through a sequence of low-then high-dimensional translations, rotations, and scalings. RESULTS: The average test-retest volume difference measured with the automatic method was 3.1%, compared with the manual test-retest difference of 7.1%. Correlation between automated and manually determined volumes demonstrated the validity of the automated technique (intraclass correlation coefficient = .86). CONCLUSION: The automated method estimates hippocampal volumes with less variability (ie, lower variance) than that of manual out-lining.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cross-sectional nodal atlas: a tool for the definition of clinical target volumes in three-dimensional radiation therapy planning.

Virtual three-dimensional clinical target volume definition requires the identification of areas suspected of containing microscopic disease (frequently related to nodal stations) on a set of computed tomographic (CT) images, rather than the traditional approach based on anatomic landmarks. This atlas displays the clinically relevant nodal stations and their correlation with normal lymphatic pathways on a set of CT images.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

An anatomic atlas of the medulla oblongata of the adult goat.

An anatomic atlas of the goat brain stem was developed for use in studies that analyze medullary neuronal groups, and factors that influence variability in the location of neuronal groups were determined. The medullas of 31 adult goats (weight, 17-88 kg) were fixed, harvested, frozen, serially sectioned, stained with 0.5% neutral red, and examined with a light microscope. Obex, the point at which the central canal opens into the fourth ventricle, was taken as the zero reference point from which the rostrocaudal and mediolateral coordinates of medullary neuronal groups were determined, whereas dorsoventral coordinates were calculated from the medullary surface. Histological variations with goat body weight were quantified, and linear regression analysis provided adjustment factors for weight in all three dimensions. Similar analysis of percentage of shrinkage on fixation and processing provided adjustment factors for precise coordinates of medullary neuronal groups. For accurate location of neuronal groups, body weight and histological procedure should be taken into account. The present study provided adjustment factors for body weight and standard histological processing to locate most major medullary neuronal groups in the adult goat.

Animals↗