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PubMed2004

[Oral antiseptics].

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Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2002

Sustained ex vivo skin antiseptic activity of chlorhexidine in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule encapsulated form and as a digluconate.

In this work, the sustained bactericidal activity of chlorhexidine base loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone), PCL, nanocapsules against Staphylococcus epidermidis inoculated onto porcine ear skin was investigated. Drug loaded nanocapsules were prepared by the interfacial polymer deposition following solvent displacement method, then characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy, electrophoretic measurements, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity of these colloidal carriers was evaluated (i) in vitro against eight strains of bacteria, and (ii) ex vivo against Staphylococcus epidermidis inoculated for 12 h onto porcine ear skin surface treated for 3 min either with 0.6% chlorhexidine base loaded or unloaded nanocapsules suspended in hydrogel, or 1% chlorhexidine digluconate aqueous solution. Chlorhexidine absorption into the stratum corneum (SC) was evaluated by the tape-stripping method. The results showed that chlorhexidine nanocapsules in aqueous suspension having a 200-300 nm size and a positive charge exhibited similar minimum inhibitory concentrations against several bacteria with chlorhexidine digluconate aqueous solution. Ex vivo, there was a significant reduction in the number of colony forming units (CFUs) from 3-min treated skin with chlorhexidine nanocapsule suspension (5 to <1 log(10)) compared to chlorhexidine digluconate solution (5 to 2.02 log(10)) after a 8-h artificial contamination. After a 12-h artificial contamination, both formulations failed to achieve a 5 log(10) reduction. Furthermore, from a 3-min treatment with an identical applied dose and a subsequent 12-h artificial contamination, a residual chlorhexidine concentration in the SC was found to be three-fold higher with chlorhexidine nanocapsule suspension than with chlorhexidine digluconate solution. Interestingly, nanocapsules were shown in porcine skin follicles. Consequently, a topical application of chlorhexidine base-loaded positively charged nanocapsules in an aqueous gel achieved a sustained release of bactericide against Staphylococcus epidermidis for at least 8 h. Enhancement of drug delivery by mediating a more direct and prolonged contact between the carrier and (i) bacteria, (ii) skin surface, and (iii) skin follicles was assumed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, using a mediastinoscope postoperatively and antiseptic rinses.

In the years before 1981, the mortality of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was about 70%. By better timing of surgery and intra- as well as postoperative rinsing with povidone-iodine mortality could be lowered to 50%. Leaving the peritoneal cavity open enables easy surgical access to further septic complications. In 10 patients with conservative closure of the abdominal wall five patients died. In seven patients whose abdominal wall was left open and the pancreatic space packed, with the possibility of endoscopic removal of further necroses, only one patient died.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of blood alcohol concentration using non-alcohol- and alcohol-containing skin antiseptics.

We simultaneously obtained blood samples in emergency patients for ethanol content from both antecubital fossae using an alcohol prep pad on one arm and a non-alcohol-containing germicidal solution on the other. Fifty patients with ethanol concentrations greater than zero were statistically analyzed. Twenty patients surveyed had no measurable alcohol level by either technique. There was no significant difference in the blood alcohol concentration obtained by either method of skin preparation in both groups (P less than .01). Blood alcohol concentration incidentally obtained in the emergency department by routine isopropyl alcohol skin preparation is an accurate laboratory parameter.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1997

A randomized trial of surgical scrubbing with a brush compared to antiseptic soap alone.

BACKGROUND: The difference between use of a scrub brush versus soap alone in reducing hand bacterial counts has never been established by a prospective, comparative study. METHODS: Fifteen volunteers were taught the 5-minute surgical scrub. Baseline specimens were obtained by the glove fluid sampling procedure. Subjects were randomized to (1) scrub with an inert scrub brush and 4% chlorhexidine soap with isopropyl alcohol or (2) wash with 4% chlorhexidine soap with isopropyl alcohol alone. Specimens were obtained immediately after the scrub was completed and 45 minutes later. The experiment was repeated by use of a cross-over design after a 1-week washout period. The data were analyzed by three methods that took into account the broad range of baseline hand counts (5 x 10(1) to 11.2 x 10(4): method 1, the discordance between presence/absence of hand bacterial counts within individuals at 45 minutes for soap versus soap and brush; method 2, the absolute reduction of bacteria (baseline vs 45 min.) for soap versus soap and brush; and method 3, the proportional change in bacterial counts at 45 minutes from baseline for soap versus soap and brush. RESULTS: Although there was no statistically significant difference for any method, the point estimates for the odds ratio (OR) showed that up to twice the number of subjects had a greater reduction in bacterial counts when they washed with soap than when they scrubbed with a brush, as evidenced by the following data: method 1, OR 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53, 13.99) for soap alone; method 2, OR 1.0 (CI 0.23, 4.35); and method 3, OR 2.0 (CI 0.54, 9.10) for soap alone. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of use of soap alone in reducing hand bacterial counts at 45 minutes was similar to use of soap and brush. Soap can be used alone and the surgical infection rate prospectively monitored.

1-Propanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Front-line antiseptics.

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Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗