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PubMedDate not supplied

[Physiological and biochemical properties of Actinomyces kurssanovii, active producter of chitinase].

Chitinase biosynthesis by Actinomyces kurssonovii 75 was studied under conditions of periodic cultivation in a laboratory fermenter. The activity of components of the chitinolytic complex correlated with the growth phases of the culture. The activity of chitobiase (beta-N-acetylglucoseaminidase) predominated in the cultural broth in the exponential growth phase of the culture; it decreased later by 40-50 per cent, while the activity of chitinase became maximum. The biosynthesis of chitinolytic enzymes by the growing actinomycete was accompanied with a rapid hydrolysis of demineralized crab shells, and a gradual increase in the pH of the medium to 9.0. A chitinolytic preparation obtained from the supernatant of the cultural broth of Act kurssanovii hydrolysed ground chitin by 70-80 per cent during 5 days. Fe2+ and Ca2+ ions increased the activity of the preparation by 25 and 30 per cent respectively; Mn2+ ions decreased the activity by 40 per cent.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1977

[Actinomyces chromogenes var. graecus var. nov., a producer of a new hexaene antibiotic].

Actinomycete LIA-O832 was isolated from a soil sample of Greece. By its antimicrobial spectrum, morphological and cultural properties the actinomycete was most close to Act. chromogenes but differed from the latter by the antibiotic and physiological properties. The actinomycete was classified as Actinomyces chromogenes var. nov. The culture produced an antibiotic complex including 4 antibiotics, i.e. a tetraen antibiotic primaricin, a new hexaen named grecomycim and 2 non-polyenic antibiotics, one of which was close to kikumycin and the other was close to aksenomycin. The physico-chemical characteristics of the antibiotics are presented.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Conditions for isolation of cholesterol oxidase from Actinomyces lavendulae mycelia].

The isolation conditions, composition and certain properties of cholesterol oxidase from the mycelium Actinomyces lavendulae were studied. Selective extraction of the enzyme occurred upon the mycelium extraction by the Tween-80 containing buffer. The specific activity of cholesterol oxidase thus obtained exceeded seven-fold that of the enzyme isolated via other methods. The optimal concentration of the detergent upon extraction was 0.15%. By disc-electrophoresis it was demonstrated that the preparation isolated from disrupted cells contained, in addition to cholesterol oxidase, 16 other protein components that had no enzymatic activity whereas the Tween-80 extracted preparation included no more than 7 fractions. The study of the relationship between activity of the resultant cholesterol oxidase and the substrate concentration and pH demonstrated that optimal conditions for the enzyme action were at pH 7.0-7.5 and cholesterol oxidase concentration of 0.0316 mM.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optimization of the nutrient medium for Actinomyces spheroides--producer of proteolytic enzymes with fibrinolytic activity].

Optimization of the medium for growing Actinomyces spheroides producing proteolytic exoenzymes with the fibrinolytic activity was performed by the method of mathematical planning. The composition of the medium is as follows (%): glucose 7.1, sodium citrate, trisubstituted, 0.48; (NH4)2SO4, 0.15; MgSO4, 0.575; KH2PO4, 0.2; ZnSO4, 0.001; FeSO4, 0.002. The fibrinolytic activity of the cultural broth on this medium is three times as high as on the initial medium (7142 units). Changes in the ratio between components of the medium lead to changes in the ratio between the fibrinolytic and caseinolytic activities. Therefore, Act. spheroides, strain 1, produces exoenzymes which differ by their substrate specificity. The ratio between the fibrinolytic and caseinolytic activities of the complex on the optimized medium is twice as high as on the initial medium.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production of chitinase by Actinomyces kurssanovii and its properties].

Actinomyces kurssanovii, a culture producing large amounts of chitinase and chitobiase, was cultivated on a medium of the following composition (%): demineralized crab shells, 3.0; K2HPO4, 0.5; peptone, 0.2; yeast extract, 0.1; MgSO4-H2O, 0.09. The maximum amount of the enzymes was synthesized after growth in a fermenter of the actinomycete during 48 hours. The highest activity of chitinase is manifested at pH 7.0 and depends on ionic composition of the buffer, being higher in veronal buffer than in phosphate or tris//HC1 buffers. The chitinase and chitobiase of the strain decompose completely colloid chitin and chitin in demineralized crab shells with the formation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ratio of glycan to teichoic acid in Actinomyces thermovulgaris cell wall].

The molar ratio between glycan and teichoic acid was studied in the cell wall of Actinomyces thermovulgaris. A chain of teichoic acid consisting of 13 glycerophosphate units was found to correspond to 6--7 disaccharide units of glycan. The cell wall contains 31% of the glycan of the glycopeptide and 25% of teichoic acid. The content of glycan was calculated using the concentration of muramic acid in the wall. The cell wall was found to contain 1.02% of O-acetyl groups.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1984

Actinomyces meyeri presenting as an asymptomatic lung mass.

A 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for an elective herniorrhaphy. A significant past history of smoking and alcohol abuse was noted. The patient had no other complaints but a routine chest X-ray revealed an isolated left upper lobe mass. Laboratory tests were unrevealing and the impression was that the patient had a carcinoma. The surgical specimen consisted of a lobular mass containing multiple microabscesses. Grains consistent with actinomycosis were seen and the culture grew out Actinomyces meyeri. There was no other evidence of disease.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

Spinal intrathecal empyema due to Actinomyces israelii.

The authors report a case of a spinal intrathecal empyema caused by Actinomyces israelii in a patient who had been diagnosed, four years previously, of a left petrous apex abscess due to an unknown microorganism. The clinical course is outlined and the possibility of both lesions being related is discussed.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infections due to Actinomyces neuii (former "CDC coryneform group 1" bacteria).

Sixty-seven patients with infections in which the recently proposed species Actinomyces neuii was involved were observed during a 4 1/2-year period. Microbiological as well as clinical features of the patients are presented. A. neuii does not cause typical actinomycosis and is detected most often in material from abscesses or infected atheromas. One case of a fatal septicemia caused by A. neuii in a non-immunocompromised host was seen. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of A. neuii isolates and results of various treatment regimens are discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Enterocutaneous fistulization due to Actinomyces odontolyticus. Report of a case.

A case of abdominal actinomycosis originating from the sigmoid colon is presented. Actinomyces odontolyticus was isolated; it is a rarity, but should be suspected in the case of a palpable mass and several fistulas developing after a latent period of weeks to months following surgical or inflammatory trauma. The diagnosis is made by anaerobic cultivation. Primary treatment with large doses of penicillin for several weeks may be supplemented by surgery. The strain isolated in the present case was only moderately sensitive to penicillin and was successfully treated with erythromycin.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infection following challenge of the lactating and dry udder of dairy cows with Actinomyces pyogenes and Peptostreptococcus indolicus.

Challenge of 12 mammary glands of cows in mid-lactation with 10(7) colony forming units (cfu) of Peptostreptococcus indolicus on two occasions led to clinical mastitis in only four quarters. The bacteria were rarely recovered and disappeared from the secretion within 14 days. In challenges 7 days prior to drying off eight of 12 quarters became infected and at drying off all quarters challenged became infected. The infections established at drying off persisted well into the dry period. P. indolicus infection was also established in all of 12 dry glands challenged, but usually eliminated at calving or early in the next lactation. Isolation of P. indolicus was accompanied in about one-third of cases by changes in the appearance of the secretion. Intramammary challenge with Actinomyces (formally Corynebacterium) pyogenes led to clinical and subclinical infections in nine of 12 lactating glands and in all of six dry glands. Dry period infections with A. pyogenes were more severe and rarely eliminated even by antibiotic therapy. Infections during lactation were often eliminated either naturally or by antibiotic therapy. Intermittent recovery of A. pyogenes from the lactating mammary gland, without clinical signs of infection, was possible for up to 90 days after challenge. Combined infections with A. pyogenes and P. indolicus were clinically more severe with a higher frequency of systemic involvement. It was shown that in the non-lactating gland an acute mastitis, similar to 'summer mastitis' could be established either by simultaneous inoculation with A. pyogenes and P. indolicus or by subsequent inoculation of quarters excreting P. indolicus with A. pyogenes.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

Effect of Actinomyces pyogenes and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria on the development of bovine pyometra.

Fifteen lactating Holstein cows were used in a trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine inoculation (challenge) of Actinomyces pyogenes (A) alone or in combination with Fusobacterium necrophorum (F) and Bacteroides melaninogenicus (B) to induce pyometra. Cows were assigned to one of five groups: A (n = 3), AB (n = 3), AF (n = 3), ABF (n = 3) or C (control, broth medium alone; n = 3). All cows exhibited estrus 12 or 13 d prior to challenge (Day 0=first day of challenge). During the prechallenge period, the reproductive tract of each cow was palpated per rectum and uterine fluid aspirates for culture and uterine biopsies were also obtained. All cows received an intravenous injection of 5,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; Day 5) and an intrauterine infusion of 40 ml of 0.7% iodine solution (Day 1). Cows were then inoculated on Days 0, 1 and 2 of the experiment. Sequential palpations of the reproductive tracts, samples of uterine fluid for culture and uterine biopsies were performed for a total of 30 d after the first inoculation. A cow was diagnosed as having pyometra when purulent uterine fluid and a corpus luteum were detected by palpation per rectum. The number of cows that developed pyometra in Group A was 2 of 3, in Group AB 3 of 3, in Group AF 3 of 3, in Group ABF 3 of 3 and in Group C 0 of 3. Cows with pyometra did not exhibit estrus. In 7 of 11 cows, pyometra persisted for more than 21 d. In cows that developed pyometra, the same species of bacteria infused into the uterus were usually recovered one or more times during the postchallenge period. When clinical pyometra was diagnosed, histologic endometritis was invariably present. Histologic endometritis and concurrent isolation of A . pyogenes alone or A . pyogenes with gram-negative anaerobic bacteria occurred in 91.7% of samples during the postchallenge period. Regardless of bacterial treatment, gram-negative anaerobic bacteria were frequently isolated with A . pyogenes during this period.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Pregnancy-specific protein B and progesterone in monitoring viability of the embryo in early pregnancy in the cow after experimental infection with Actinomyces pyogenes.

Actinomyces pyogenes can cause embryonic death and abortion during the early stages of pregnancy in cows. Bovine pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) is produced in response to a viable embryo and as such it could be a potential marker for embryronic survival. The plasma concentration of PSPB was monitored in cows following an intrauterine infection with A. pyogenes and during the subsequent abortion and recovery from infection. Plasma progesterone concentrations were also monitored, and the results were compared withthose for animals in which abortion had been induced by prostaglandin F2alpha treatment. In abortions induced both by infection and by cloprostenol, the plasma concentration of PSPB fell steadily from the day of treatment, with a half-life of 7 days. In the cloprostenol-induced abortions, progesterone levels fell dramatically to <0.5ng/ml within 24 hours of treatment, while following inoculation with A. pyogenes , progesterone concentration remained elevated for 20 to 40 days and fell to <0.5ng/ml after evacuation of pus from the uterus. Sequential monitoring of PSPB, which identifies embryonic death when a continuing fall in plasma concentration is demonstrated, is a better indicator of embryonic death following bacterial infection with A. pyogenes than plasma progesterone concentration, which falls only when infection is resolved.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Summer mastitis in heifers: studies on the seasonal occurrence of Actinomyces pyogenes, Peptostreptococcus indolicus and Bacteroidaceae in clinically healthy cattle in Denmark.

With the aim of investigating the seasonal occurrence of Actinomyces pyogenes, Peptostreptococcus indolicus, Bacteroides melaninogenicus ss. levii and Fusobacterium necrophorum, and thus the potential for development of summer mastitis, clinically healthy Danish Holstein-Friesian heifers due to calve in the autumn were sampled from the teat tip, the conjunctiva and the oral cavity at 2-6 week intervals from 1979 to 1981. The overall isolation rates of F. necrophorum, P. indolicus and B. melaninogenicus ss. levii, in order of significance, were significantly higher during the pasture period whereas no differences in isolation rates of A. pyogenes between housed and pastured animals were detected. F. necrophorum was recovered almost exclusively from the oral cavity, P. indolicus and A. pyogenes occurred most frequently in samples from the teat skin, whereas isolates of B. melaninogenicus ss. levii were evenly distributed between conjunctiva and teat tip samples. A distinct seasonal pattern of the isolation rates of summer mastitis pathogens was recorded, which corresponded closely to the seasonal activity of symbovine insects, in particular the headfly Hydrotaea irritans (Fallén). However, the high proportion of clinically healthy bacterial carriers as compared with the incidence of clinical disease strongly suggests that as yet unknown contributing or triggering factors, apart from the mere presence of the relevant bacterial species, are required for the establishment and development of clinical summer mastitis.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1998

Actinomyces pyogenes septic arthritis in a diabetic farmer.

We report a case of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the left ankle due to Actinomyces pyogenes in a diabetic farmer. Few confirmed human cases of A. pyogenes infection have been reported, partly because of inadequate identification of this bacterium. Bacteriological characteristics of the organism, which resembles Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, are described with a review of previous case reports.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cranial epidural empyema with osteomyelitis caused by actinomyces, CT, and MRI appearance.

Actinomycosis is an uncommon cause of intracranial infection. Epidural empyema represents about 6% of CNS actinomycotic lesions. A case of an epidural empyema with parietal bone osteomyelitis caused by Actinomyces israelii is presented. Relevant neuroimaging features were bone erosions and a multiloculated collection with annular contrast enhancing on CT. Postoperative MRI revealed extensive involvement of the neighbor dura, falx, and subdural space. MRI was crucial to follow-up the response to antibiotic treatment.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1995

Additional tests to differentiate Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and Actinomyces pyogenes.

A commercially available biochemical test panel, commercially available diagnostic tablets and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of cellular fatty acids were used to find out whether Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and Actinomyces pyogenes could be further differentiated from each other. Xylitol and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside fermentation, Voges-Proskauer reaction and tributyrate hydrolysis were found to be useful additional tests which differentiated Arc. haemolyticum and A. pyogenes. GLC analysis revealed major differences in the cellular 16:0, 18:2(9,12) and 18:1(9) fatty acid composition of the two species. Especially the Voges-Proskauer test available as diagnostic tablets can be easily performed in clinical microbiology laboratories, in addition to the tests now used to differentiate Arc. haemolyticum from A. pyogenes.

Acetoin↗