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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[The artificial heart - wishful thinking or alternative?].

The development of the highly specialised cardiological diagnostics furthered the morphological and functional analysis of the congenital and acquired heart diseases. Parallel to this the therapeutic repertoire of the cardiosurgery increased. Successful animal-experimental investigations with artificial hearts and survival times up to several months allow as a justified aim the imagination that the artificial heart by all means may be an alternative to the heart transplantation also in man. This high aim demands further intensive work concerning the optimum form of artificial hearts, better qualities of the material, miniaturised units of motion and regulation with a possibly implantable or at least easily portable source of energy.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of muscular exercise and metabolic control on cortisol, growth hormone, plasma-epinephrine and plasma-norepinephrine in type-I diabetics [author's transl)].

In the present study we investigated the influence of muscular exercise on stress-hormones (cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, norepinephrine) in nonketotic, juvenile-type diabetics (JD) in relation to the degree of metabolic control. The plasma-hormone-concentrations were measured in 8 well controlled JD, 8 moderately controlled JD and in 8 healthy subjects, before, during and after a 30 min bicycle ergometer test of moderate work intensity. The exercise induced rise in cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine wa similar in both groups of diabetics and not significantly different compared with controls. In healthy subjects growth hormone levels rose significantly with the onset of exercise, whereas in both patient groups maximal growth hormone concentrations were found at the end of the ergometer test. In moderately controlled JD, however, growth hormone concentrations were significantly higher than in well controlled JD. The results demonstrate that muscular exercise shows a similar effect on cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, but not on growth hormone concentrations in nonketotic, conventionally treated JD compared with controls.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy requirements of petroleum workers in Western Siberia].

Energy requirements of drillers, derrick mounters and maintenance workers belonging to dispersed collectives were defined on the basis of materials available at the oil field Surgutneft named for the 50th anniversary of October. Energy requirements of the team workers were studied by the method of Douglas-Haldane during autumn-winter in the course of performing various production processes. Energy requirements were established as regards the operations made in the course of the basic technological processes. The budget of the working time was calculated in accordance with a rate-qualification manual. Energy consumption during out-of-work time was established by the method of individual questionnaires, followed by energy consumption calculation during various types of the work according to the generally accepted energy equivalents. The daily energy consumption with regard to the eight-hour work was found to constitute 3100-3660 kcal for drillers and the first assistant drillers, and 3700-3900 kcal for the second and third assistant drillers. The oilmen were distributed into groups in terms of the work intensity: group II--drillers, first assistant drillers and maintenance workers; group III--the second and third assistant drillers, assistant maintenance workers, and derrick mounters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Morpho-functional characteristics of the myocardium in extreme coronary insufficiency].

Morphogenesis of destructive and adaptational changes of the myocardial contractility were studied experimentally on dogs with limited bloodflow in the left coronary artery by 90% for 30 min. The light coronary methods and electron microscopy were used. The main ultrastructural variants of contractility disorders and cardiomyocyte damage are described, qualitative nonidentity of mechanisms in the ischaemic focus and in conditionally intact segments are recorded. It shows that irreversible structural shifts in the ischaemic zone of the myocardium develop along with the decrease of contractility, while in the intact areas this is preceded by intensive work of cardiomyocytes. At the base of adaptational reaction at the tissue level lies the formation of microfoci of functional hyperactivity and a relative rest.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Prediction of anaerobic capacity: a performance test employing an optimal exercise stress.

Highly trained sprinters, marathon runners, and untrained male subjects sprinted around a 400-metre track with their running times and speeds throughout the sprint being continuously monitored. Through comparison with their individual anaerobic capacities (previously determined in the laboratory), a performance test was developed for predicting subjects' anaerobic energy expenditure. The format of this test imposed an optimal stress upon the anaerobic energy components through a combination of work intensity and prolongation of the exercise stress. Specifically, through multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the sprinting time to 256-metres and running speed from 256-metres through 329-metres provided the highest predicting of anaerobic capacity (significant at the 0.01 level of confidence).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of physical training on exercise performance of children following surgical repair of congenital heart disease.

The effect of physical training on the exercise performance of 26 patients following surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (16 patients) and ventricular septal defect (ten patients) was evaluated. Base line exercise testing was performed on a bicycle ergometer using the technique of Godfrey. Patients were placed on a six-week alternate day submaximal interval home exercise program of varying duration and intensity. Work loads at 50%, 60%, and 70% maximum oxygen consumption were selected to maintain heart rates between 130 and 160 beats per minute. Subjects completed an average of 18 of the possible 21 training sessions (range 11 to 21). A 25% improvement (p less than .001) was noted in maximum work capacity (747 to 935 km). Sixty-five percent of the patients performed at less than expected maximum work capacity prior to training, but only 31% performed at less than expected maximum work capacity after training. Repeat testing at work loads of one-third, one-half, and two-thirds the original maximum work capacity revealed improved aerobic efficiency as manifested by significantly decreased oxygen consumption and heart rate at each level of work. No significant difference was noted in maximum oxygen consumption. It is concluded that physical training can improve the exercise performance of patients after surgical repair, permitting the individuals to function at levels of activity at, or closely approaching, normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Direct sequencing of DNA isolated from mRNA differential display.

A recently developed mRNA differential display technique has a potential power for identifying genes that are differentially expressed in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems. One critical feature of this technique is to display most of the mRNA population on a sequencing gel after polymerase chain reaction using a 5' decamer and a 3' T12MN anchored primer. However, these primers are too small to be successfully used as a sequencing primer using the classical sequencing protocol. In the present report we described the application of an extended primer set for the re-amplification after mRNA differential display, which renders the amplified DNA suitable for direct sequencing using either of these extended oligonucleotides as a primer without further subcloning. This improved technique will greatly save the time, cost and labor-intensive work for the discovery of genes using mRNA differential display.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Atrial and ventricular myocardial blood flows in horses at rest and during exercise.

Right atrial, pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary, pulmonary artery wedge, and systemic blood pressures of strenuously exercising horses increase markedly. As a consequence, myocardial metabolic O2 demand in exercising horses must be high. Experiments were, therefore, carried out on 9 healthy, exercise-conditioned horses (2.5 to 8 years old; 481 +/- 16 kg) to ascertain the regional distribution of myocardial blood supply in the atria and ventricles at rest and during exercise. Blood flow was measured, using 15-micron-diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres that were injected into the left ventricle while reference blood samples were being withdrawn at a constant rate from the thoracic aorta. Myocardial blood flow was determined at rest and during 2 exercise bouts performed on a high-speed treadmill at 8 and 13 m/s (0% grade). The sequence of exercise bouts was randomized among horses, and a 60-minute rest period was permitted between exercise bouts. There was considerable heterogeneity in the distribution of myocardial perfusion in the atria and the ventricles at rest; the right atrial myocardium received significantly (P < 0.05) less perfusion than did the left atrium, and these values were significantly (P < 0.05) less than those for the respective ventricular myocardium. The right ventricular myocardial blood flow also was significantly less than that in the left ventricle. With exercise, myocardial blood flow in all regions increased progressively with increasing work intensity and marked coronary vasodilation was observed in all cardiac regions. During exercise at 8 or 13 m/s, right and left atrial myocardial blood flows (per unit weight basis) were not different from each other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of hyperlipemia on pulmonary diffusing capacity at rest and during exercise.

Since existing data suggest decreased pulmonary gas exchange at rest when hyperlipemic, the effect of alimentary hyperlipemia on steady-state pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) at rest and exercise was investigated. Twelve men were measured on two mornings after a 12-hr fast. One trial was performed with subjects in the fasting state, and the other three hours after ingestion of one gm fat per kg body weight. At each trial, venous blood was drawn at 0800 and again three hours later just before resting DLco measurement. The DLco was subsequently determined at a work intensity on the cycle ergometer of 49 watts, and then at an increased intensity sufficient to raise the heart rate to 150 bpm. Serum was examined spectrophotometrically to assess degree of lipemia as reflected by optical density. The DLco and serum optical density data were analyzed by ANOVA. Lipemia was significantly increased three hours after fat ingestion (p < 0.05). Although mean DLco, in ml/min/mmHg was lower following fat ingestion at both intensities of exercise (49W = 37.1 fasted; 34.5 fed: 150 bpm = 49.8 fasted; 44.6 fed), alimentary hyperlipemia did not significantly affect resting or exercise DLco.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Into the black. 1993 Hospital Turnaround Contest winners.

Turning a hospital around takes a lot more than adjusting the financials, as the winners and finalists in the Great Comebacks 1993: The Hospital Turnaround Contest demonstrate. In every case we report on, the hospital being recognized has worked intensively with its community to reassess the services needed by its patients, build support for major management and delivery changes, and articulate the reasons for the strategies being used. Each of the eight hospital organizations we profile, which are spread across the country from Texas to Wisconsin to Maine to North Carolina--has put together its own version of success--in other words, eight lessons in innovation and progress.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1995

Seasonal variations in energy balance among agriculturalists in central Mali: compromise or adaptation?

OBJECTIVE: This paper considers whether seasonal variations in the energy balance of adult agriculturalists in Central Mali exceed acceptable risk, or whether they represent a short-term adaptive response without functional consequence. DESIGN: Prospective/longitudinal study design. SETTING: Agricultural village in rural Mali. SUBJECTS: From a total population of 166 adults aged > or = 16 years, two cohorts of 63 men and 73 non-pregnant women with complete records were retained for analysis. INTERVENTIONS: Over a 12-month period, monthly anthropometry and biweekly retrospective assessments of morbidity were made on every adult in the sample. Direct measures of household food consumption were collected twice in harvest, dry and rainy seasons respectively. Continuous 15-h observations of time-use and work intensity were conducted on a sub-sample of active adults and used to calculate mean seasonal energy expenditure. RESULTS: Energy balance as measured by body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) declines significantly in the rainy season (P < 0.01), corresponding to a seasonal weight loss of 2-3 kg. A similar seasonal trend in % body fat (P < 0.0001) suggests that most of this loss represents adipose tissue. A rainy season increase in arm muscle area (AMA) implies that there is no seasonal compromise in lean tissue. Among men and women with BMI > 18.5, seasonal fat loss is significantly greater than their leaner counterparts. Considering the likely determinants of variations in energy balance, an increase in the duration and incidence of adult morbidity is observed; however, no significant intercorrelations exist between it and seasonal nutritional indices. Comparing trends in energy expenditure and intake, a disturbance in energy homeostasis is apparent as energy expenditure increases in the rainy season relative to constant household food consumption across seasons. While seasonal variations in energy expenditure are not as dramatic in the female sample, they appear to have less opportunity to recover from so-called 'heavy' levels of expenditure experienced in successive dry and rainy seasons. Periods of 'light' activity in both harvest and dry seasons provide the male sample with a reasonable length of time in which to reconstitute energy stores after the physical demands of the rainy season. CONCLUSIONS: In the year of study, the modest loss of body fat recorded in the rainy season (< 5% body mass) represents a successful physiological response to energy imbalance, and is unlikely to compromise adult productive and reproductive function.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lateral humeral epicondylitis].

Incidence of the epicondylitis humeri lateralis in a sample of 48 patients was analyzed according to age groups. The highest incidence was found in the age group of 21-30 that corresponds to the etiologic factor of more intensive work with extended arm and clenched hand, practiced by tennis players, bricklayers, house painters, etc. The incidence in soldiers was insignificant. Patients were treated conservatively. There were no severe cases requiring operative treatment. Success was achieved by deep subtendinous and subperiostal infiltration of corticosteroids with 0.5 or 1% Novocain around the affected area. Infiltration was performed in 7-day intervals and the best result was achieved after the second one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Again about occupational diseases].

The article deals with a new physiologic and hygienic approach to evaluation of risk factors for occupational diseases and proves their occurrence even in individuals who have no exposure to critical and intensive work conditions causing occupational diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

When case management isn't enough: a model of paraprofessional advocacy for drug- and alcohol-abusing mothers.

The Seattle Birth to 3 Project is a paraprofessional advocacy model of enhanced case management designed to effectively intervene with high-risk, drug-dependent mothers. Postpartum women were enrolled based on their heavy use of drugs or alcohol during pregnancy and lack of connection to community services, including prenatal care. Each participant was assigned a paraprofessional advocate who worked intensively on a one-to-one basis with her and her family for 3 years postpartum. Six components of the model advocacy program are identified: establishing the relationship; identifying client goals; establishing linkages with service providers; using written agreements; role modeling and teaching of basic skills; and evaluating the outcome. Results for 51 women assessed after 1 year indicate significant areas of improvement including increased involvement with drug/alcohol treatment agencies, decreased drug use, increased use of birth control, and increased involvement with supportive and skill-building groups such as parenting classes.

Case Management↗
PubMed1977

Training the deaf-blind child.

The literature pertaining to deaf-blind persons was reviewed to acquaint occupational therapists with the needs of this population and to delineate their role in the habilitation of these persons. Two examples of the occupational therapy role in programming for deaf-blind children were described. In the late 1960s, occupational therapists were needed in small numbers, therapists who could work intensively in specific programs for deaf-blind children; in the late 1970s, a much greater number will be needed to provide services to small numbers of deaf-blind persons of all ages who will be attending the same schools, clinics, sheltered workshops, and group living facilities as will other handicapped persons.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

[Rehabilitation of disorders of the breaking of voice].

The adolescent's breaking of the voice is the result of the substitution of the chest voice (or heavy mechanism) for the head voice (or light mechanism). In cases of late breaking, the voice is abnormally high-pitched and feeble, often with a distorted timbre, while the larynx is normal and pubescent. Such people are generally not fully aware of their voices' real nature. Therapy classically resorts to laryngeal manipulations, of which a new technique is put forward. Another therapeutic approach is based, on the one hand, on critical listening compared with a control male voice, thus enabling the subject to become aware of his own voice, and, on the other hand, on high intensity work which helps passing from head to chest voice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Thyroid, renal, and splanchnic circulation in horses at rest and during short-term exercise.

Using radionuclide-labeled 15-microm-diameter microspheres injected into the left ventricle, we examined blood flow to the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, kidneys, and various gastrointestinal tract tissues in 9 healthy horses while they were standing quietly (rest) and during exercise at 2 work intensities (8 and 1 m/s). Hemodynamic measurements were made during steady-state conditions, as judged by the stability of heart rate as well as aortic, pulmonary, and right atrial pressures. The similarity of blood flow values for the left and the right kidneys during each of the 3 conditions indicated adequate mixing of microspheres with blood. In standing horses, of all tissues examined, the thyroid gland had the highest blood flow (1,655.2 +/- 338.5 ml/min/100 g)--being about threefold that in the kidneys. Adrenal blood flow, by contrast, was only 25% of that in the kidneys (589.5 +/- 50.4 ml/min/100 g). Among the gastrointestinal tract tissues, glandular stomach and pancreas had the highest blood flows (214.3 +/- 21.6 and 197.6 +/- 23.4 ml/min/100 g, respectively). Small intestinal perfusion was not different from that in the ventral colon and cecum, but their values exceeded those for the dorsal and small colons. Exercise at 8 and 13 m/s caused significant increase in adrenal blood flow as vascular resistance decreased significantly. In the kidneys, blood flow was only insignificantly affected during exercise at 8 m/s, but at 13 m/s there was a profound reduction in renal blood flow as intense renal vasoconstriction occurred. Vasoconstriction also caused thyroid and pancreatic blood flow to decrease significantly at both levels of exertion. Significant vasoconstriction occurring in all gastrointestinal tract tissues at 8 and 13 m/s caused blood flow to be diverted away from these vascular beds. Thus, our data indicated that renal, adrenal, and splanchnic organ/tissue blood flow responses of strenuously exercising horses closely resemble those described for exercising ponies.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1997

A patient with congenital short small bowel associated with malrotation.

A case of congenital short small bowel associated with malrotation and malabsorption in a baby girl is presented. Clinical manifestations developed in the first days after birth and consisted of diarrhea, vomiting and poor weight increase. Congenital short small bowel was suspected on radiological examination, which showed an associated malrotation. The diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. The length of the small intestine was only 50 cm. The intensive work of maintaining nutrition and controlling infection is described.

Body Weight↗