Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “temperate”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Experimental and field studies on some biological characteristics of Plasmodium vivax isolated from tropical and temperate zones of China.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify some biological behaviors of Plasmodium vivax including the periodical infectivity of gametocytes for mosquitoes, the prepatent period, the incubation period, the relapse patterns and their relationship. METHODS: Laboratory reared Anopheles sinensis were fed through fetal membrane on blood from patients naturally infected with vivax malaria. After feeding at different hours, the engorged mosquitoes kept in the insectarium were dissected 5-7 days later. The percentage of mosquitoes infected and the mean number of oocysts per gut were taken as criteria of the viability of the gametocytes. The healthy volunteers artificially infected by mosquito bite or quantitative inoculation of sporozoites were treated with 1.5 g chloroquine base alone before and after the first and subsequent onset of fever to detect the natural course of disease in human body. RESULTS: The infection in mosquitoes can readily be divided into upward, peak, downward and non-infective period. The infectivity reached a peak at interschizogony period and fell to low level at the time when schizogony occurred. The short incubation period was frequently observed in persons bitten by 10 infected mosquitoes or 10 000 sporozoites inoculated and the long incubation period was constantly recorded in cases receiving 100 sporozoites. When one mosquito was allowed to feed on volunteers or 1 000 sporozoites were injected, the incubation period may be short or prolonged. CONCLUSIONS: The 48-hour cycle in the infectivity of gametocyte for mosquitoes was demonstrated and the peak of oocyst production preceded the peak of parasitaemia by 1 to 3 days. Prompt radical treatment is extra important. Since the incubation period is variable depending on the number of sporozoites inoculated and the tropical versus temperate zone malaria is not all-inclusive, the classification of tertian malaria might be reconsidered.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Initial stages of interaction of temperate phage 04 with Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells].

The first steps of the interaction of the temperate pilus-dependent phage 04 with susceptible and 04-lysogenic cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. The 04-lysogenic cells retained their ability to adsorb viral particles on the pili. However, after the translocation to the cell surface, the bacteriophage failed to infect the immune microorganism. It is assumed that was modified the surface of 04-immune cells due to lysogenic conversion, and this modification presented the terminal tail fibers of viral particles interacting from with the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa cells.

Membrane Fusion↗
PubMed1998

[COS-region of temperate coliphage N15].

The cohesive termini including the cos region (altogether 414 bp) of the DNA of the temperate coliphage N15 are sequenced. The termini are complementary 12-nucleotide single-stranded 5'-extended DNAs. The sequence of the left terminus is 5'-GGGCGGCGTCCG-3', that of the right 5'CGGACGCCGCCC-3'. Ten nucleotides of the N15 termini are identical to those of phage lambda. The N15 and lambda sequences are notably homologous only within the 50 bp region from the left and right ends. Phage N15 has a region with the nucleotide sequence identical to the R4 site of phage lambda, presumably reacting with terminase. This region is situated in the same site with regard to the cohesive sequence as in phage lambda. The cos region of N15 has no sequences similar to R1, R2, and R3 of lambda. N15 has a sequence similar to IHF of phage lambda, but in N15 this sequence is located near the right but not left (as in phage lambda) terminus. Computer analysis revealed palindromes and repeats within 450 bp of N15, including the cohesive termini.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1997

Trichinella in arctic, subarctic and temperate regions: Greenland, the Scandinavian countries and the Baltic States.

The transmission and occurrence of Trichinella spp according to the zoogeography of different climatic conditions, socioeconomy and human activity are discussed. Comparing arctic, subarctic and temperate regions, it appears that the species of Trichinella present, the composition of the fauna and the human activity are all very important interacting factors affecting epidemiology. In Greenland, where only sylvatic trichinellosis is present, the high prevalence in wildlife appears closely connected with polar bear hunting. In the Scandinavian countries, the prevalence of both sylvatic and domestic trichinellosis differ widely. Denmark is regarded as Trichinella-free in the case of domestic trichinellosis and sylvatic trichinellosis is very rare. In Sweden and Norway, Trichinella is found in wildlife but domestic trichinellosis is rare. In Finland, both domestic and sylvatic trichinellosis have increased dramatically during the last decade. Among the Scandinavian countries, Finland also has the largest populations of carnivorous mammals. In the Baltic states, Trichinella is frequently found in wildlife and domestic trichinellosis is increasingly diagnosed. The high prevalence in the widespread wildlife populations may have epidemiological importance in relation to the recent changes in production and infrastructure in these former Soviet states.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Growth, voluntary food intake and digestion in farmed temperate and tropical deer.

Growth and voluntary feed intake (VFI) in grazing temperate farmed deer species are influenced by the feeding value of the forage and the stage of the deer's seasonal cycle. Liveweight gain (LWG) of growing red deer was greater when perennial ryegrass (0.80)/white clover (0.20) pasture was grazed at 10 cm than 5 cm surface height, but venison production by one year of age was still low. Chicory and red clover were of superior feeding value for deer than perennial ryegrass-based pastures, increasing LWG of young red and hybrid (0.25 elk; 0.75 red deer) deer during summer and autumn, due to higher VFI and to higher organic matter digestibility. Relative to perennial ryegrass, chicory disintegrated faster in the rumen, with very low rumination time and faster rumen outflow rates of liquid and particulate matter. Inputs of red clover and chicory substantially increased venison carcass weights at one year of age from grazing red and hybrid stags. In indoor pen feeding studies, red deer were shown to have a seasonal cycle of digestive function, with greater rumen mean retention time (MRT) and greater rates of rumen ammonia production in summer than in winter. It was deduced that the purpose of the digestive cycle was to maintain apparent digestibility constant as VFI increased during summer. Tropical sambar deer were also shown to have seasonal cycles in growth and VFI that were of reduced amplitude compared with red deer. Peak VFI and growth occurred in autumn and minimum VFI and growth occurred in spring. Feed conversion (kg DM eaten/kg LWG) was more efficient for sambar than for red deer, due to lower VFI and lower heat production, but there was no difference between species in digestive efficiency.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1992

The impossible dream?--Routes to reducing alcohol problems in a temperance culture.

Two main prescriptions are offered for reducing rates of alcohol problems in English-speaking and Nordic cultures: a "dry" solution of reducing the physical and cultural availability of alcohol, and a "wet" solution of reducing problems of intoxication by better integrating drinking into the culture. Empirical evaluations of change in particular cultures have tended to support the dry, and not the wet, solution. But such studies focus on relatively short-term effects, and there is evidence that long-run effects may be weaker or may even be reversed from shortterm effects. Some particular societies that have been put forward as examples of the long-term success of wet strategies are considered. The most likely success from this perspective is the Netherlands, which is also an exceptional society in terms of the wetness of its drug policies. In the light of these cases, consideration is given to some issues concerning the criteria for evaluating the success of one or the other solution. It is argued that alcohol policy discussions need to recognize that intoxication has a particular social position in our societies, in terms of characteristics of the drinker and of the occasion, in terms of intoxication's cultural significance, and in terms of its entrenchment in social worlds of heavy drinking. Some implications for policy are noted.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1997

Beneficence, temperance and medical science.

John Coakley Lettsom (1744-1815) founded the Medical Society of London and played a key role in the development of the Royal Humane Society. His Quaker background underpinned his interest in social reform. He established dispensaries and soup kitchens for the poor, recognized the need for public health measures in the control of disease, and advocated prison reform and education of the poor.

Altruism↗
PubMed1993

The conflict between public health goals and the temperance mentality.

OBJECTIVES: The prevailing view today is that alcohol consumption is unambiguously a social and public health problem. This paper presents evidence to balance this view. METHODS: Evidence of beneficial effects of alcohol against coronary artery disease is examined, together with cultural reasons for resistance in the United States to the implications of this evidence. RESULTS: Alcohol use reduces the risk of coronary artery disease--the major cause of heart disease, America's leading killer--even for those at risk for such disease. Moreover, recent research indicates that alcohol continues to reduce risk at the higher levels of drinking measured in general populations. However, with consumption of more than two drinks daily, these gains are increasingly offset by greater mortality from other causes. CONCLUSIONS: Educators, public health commentators, and medical investigators are uneasy about findings of healthful effects of drinking. A cultural preoccupation with alcoholism and the negative effects of drinking works against frank scientific discussions in the United States of the advantages for the cardiovascular system of alcohol consumption. This set has deep roots in American history but is inconsistent with public health goals.

Alcohol Drinking↗