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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis. Part 16. Effect of peanut oil on pre-established lesions.

Rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet (2% cholesterol and 6% corn oil) for 8 weeks and then divided into groups of equal average serum cholesterol levels. One group was autopsied, and the others were returned to cholesterol-free diets consisting of commercial laboratory ration or ration augmented with 6% corn oil, peanut oil or PGF, a fat designed to resemble peanut oil minus arachidic and behenic acids. The animals were maintained on the diets for 8 more weeks. On all regimens, severity of atherosclerosis was exacerbated. The extent of exacerbation was significantly less in rabbits fed corn oil than in the others. The extent of exacerbation of lesions appears to be a function of the level of unsaturation of the dietary fats.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Influence of steroids and retinoic acid on peanut-lectin binding of human breast cancer cells.

Membrane binding sites for peanut lectin or peanut agglutinin (PNA) were investigated in the established mammary carcinoma cell lines MCF-7, 734-B, ZR-75.1 and BT-20. The determination of PNA binding sites was performed in a flow cytometer after staining with fluorescein(FITC)-labeled PNA. It appeared that only the estrogen-sensitive cell lines exhibited PNA binding sites, whereas the hormone-insensitive cell line BT-20 was clearly negative. Steroid hormones, when administered singly to the cells in physiological concentrations (10(-9)-10(-8) M) had no effect on PNA binding expression. Only the combination of estradiol and progesterone together increased PNA binding sites. Pharmacological doses (10(-6) M) of medroxyprogesteroneacetate (MPA) and dexamethasone increased the number of binding sites, whereas retinoic acid decreased them. A preliminary characterization of the binding sites revealed that they have high capacity and moderate affinity for PNA (KD greater than 10(-7) M). FITC-PNA binding could be inhibited selectively by fetuin (greater than 10(-5) M) and by galactose (greater than 10(-2) M). Cytosol from MCF-7 cells and from some primary breast cancer specimens were able to decrease PNA binding to the surface of 734-B cells.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Peanut sensitivity as a cause of burning mouth.

A patient with a history of a burning tongue together with discomfort of the labial and buccal mucosae was given an elimination diet and skin patch tests to determine the allergen in her diet. The patient was identified as being intolerant of an aqueous peanut extract. Three allergens in peanut butter were identified, the one with greatest reactivity being a heat-stable, water-soluble, nonglycosylated protein with a molecular weight in excess of 10 kD. Modification of her diet has resulted in resolution of the oral problem.

Arachis↗
PubMed1994

Growth of and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus in peanuts stored under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions.

The combined effects of water activity (aw), storage temperature, headspace oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth of, and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus on sterile peanuts were examined using a process optimization technique termed response surface methodology (RSM). Regression analysis of the data indicated that aw, storage temperature and initial headspace oxygen concentration were all significant factors (P < 0.001) affecting the growth of, and aflatoxin production by A. flavus. Extensive growth and aflatoxin production occurred during the first week of storage in most treatment combinations. Maximum growth occurred in peanuts with an aw of 0.97, a storage temperature of 25 degrees C and headspace oxygen of 10% (balance 60:40 carbon dioxide:nitrogen), after 21 days of storage while maximum aflatoxin production occurred at a lower aw of 0.94, after 21 days under similar storage/gaseous conditions. In several treatment combinations, where high levels of aflatoxin (> 20 ng/g) were initially detected, aflatoxin concentration decreased during storage to levels less than the current regulatory limit of 20 ng/g. This study has shown that A. flavus can grow and produce aflatoxin in carbon dioxide enriched atmospheres in the presence of oxygen. It also emphasizes the combined effect of several 'barriers' to inhibit and reduce aflatoxin in MAP products containing various levels of residual oxygen.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed2004

Analysis of population structure of Aspergillus flavus from peanut based on vegetative compatibility, geographic origin, mycotoxin and sclerotia production.

Isolates of Aspergillus flavus obtained from a new growing peanut region in Argentina (Formosa province) were examined for aflatoxin types B and G and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) production. Sclerotia diameters and the number of sclerotia produced per square centimetre were also determined for each isolate. They were tested by vegetative compatibility group analysis to investigate their genetic relatedness and correlate the results with vegetative compatibility groups previously described from the major peanut-growing area (Córdoba province) in our country. Two isolates were considered atypical because they simultaneously produce aflatoxins B and G and CPA. A. flavus population from Formosa province was very diverse genetically. Vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) formed by typical isolations of A. flavus were different among agroecological sites. Formosa isolates could not be grouped to any of the Córdoba VCGs, while that one of the VCGs that contain atypical isolates included strains from the two geographical regions. Each VCG included isolates of the same mycotoxin and sclerotia production pattern. The two regions analysed have different climatic conditions, soil type, crop sequence history and also are in different latitude. These parameters may reflect different geographic adaptation between isolates from both sites.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Peanut protein allergens: gastric digestion is carried out exclusively by pepsin.

BACKGROUND: A major characteristic of many food allergens, including Ara h 1, a major peanut allergen, is their resistance to gastric digestion. One estimate of the allergenic potential of a possible protein allergen is its stability under simulated gastric conditions. OBJECTIVE: Because the rate and extent of digestion of allergenic proteins will affect the severity of any subsequent allergic response, it is important to correlate protein allergen digestion in simulated gastric fluid with that in actual gastric fluid. METHODS: A major peanut allergen, Ara h 1, was digested in vitro by using both pepsin and porcine gastric fluid. Several comparisons between the 2 sets of proteolytic conditions were assessed including pH optima and the effect of temperature, denaturants, and specific enzyme inhibitors. RESULTS: In vitro digestion of Ara h 1 with pepsin and porcine gastric fluid resulted in virtually identical hydrolysis patterns as observed on SDS-PAGE. The protease activity of both pepsin and gastric fluid were inhibited at high pH and in the presence of pepstatin. However, both remained active in 4 mol/L urea and at 60 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: Protein digestion in the porcine stomach is carried out by pepsin. In vivo gastric digestion is modeled accurately by peptic hydrolysis. Digestion conditions in vivo are comparable to experimental conditions in vitro provided that the acidic nature of the stomach contents is optimal for characterization of the allergen under standard pepsin digestion conditions. Additional experimentation using crude food extracts, both in the presence and absence of a complete meal, is needed to elucidate the complete physiologic nature of food allergen digestion.

Allergens↗
PubMed2005

Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution by adsorption on peanut hull.

The potential feasibility of peanut hull particle for removal of three cationic dyes (methylene blue, brilliant cresyl blue and neutral red) from aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of various experimental parameters were examined and optimal experimental conditions were decided. Above the value of initial pH 4, three dyes studied could be removed effectively. The isothermal data fitted the Langmuir model or Freundlich model. The adsorption processes followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The results in this study indicated that peanut hull was an attractive candidate for removing cationic dyes from dye wastewater.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Kinetic studies of adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by sawdust and modified peanut husk.

Sawdust and modified peanut husk were used as adsorbents to remove Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Results of kinetic experiments demonstrated that the adsorption was effective and rapid. Three different kinds of kinetic models (i.e., intraparticular diffusion model, Lagergren-first-order and second-order equations) were used to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption of heavy metals on sawdust and modified peanut husk is not an intraparticular diffusion control. The kinetic adsorption data can be described by the second-order equation and the adsorption might be a rate-limiting control. The suitability of the adsorbent was tested by fitting the adsorption data with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which gave good fits with both isotherms.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution by dehydrated peanut hull.

Dyes are colour organic compounds which can colorize the other substances. These substances usually presents in the effluent water of many industries, such as textiles, leather, paper, printing and cosmetics. To observe the potential feasibility of removing colour, peanut hull as an agricultural by-product was dehydrated with sulphuric acid (DPH) and used for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters such as initial methylene blue concentrations, temperatures and particle sizes were examined and optimal experimental conditions were determined. Adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir model, although they could be modelled by the Freundlich model as well. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The mass transfer model as intraparticle diffusion was applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of rate controlling step. It was found that at the higher initial MB concentration, intraparticle diffusion is becoming significant controlling step. The thermodynamic constants of the adsorption process were also evaluated by using the Langmuir constants related to the equilibrium of adsorption at different temperatures. The results in this study indicated that dehydrated peanut hull was a good adsorbent for removing methylene blue.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2004

Peanut aspiration in an adult.

We present a case history of a 34-year old adult who aspirated a peanut. Peanut inhalation is a well-recognized condition in children, but is rare in adults. Diagnosis is often difficult and requires a high index of clinical suspicion. A brief review of the literature is presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Investigation of cationic peanut peroxidase glycans by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Cationic peanut peroxidase (CP) was isolated from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cell suspension culture medium. CP is a glycoprotein with three N-linked glycan sites at Asn60, Asn144, and Asn185. ESI-MS of the intact purified protein reveals the microheterogeneity of the glycans. Tryptic digestion of CP gave a near complete sequence coverage by ESI-MS. The glycopeptides from the tryptic digestion were separated by RP HPLC identified by ESI-MS and the structure of the glycan chains determined by ESI-MS/MS. The glycans are large structures of up to 16 sugars, but most of their non-reducing ends have been modified giving a mixture of shorter chains at each site. Good agreement was found with the one glycan previously analyzed by (1)H NMR. This work is the basis for the future studies on the role of the glycans on stability and folding of CP and is another example of a detailed structural characterization of complex glycoproteins by mass spectrometry.

Arachis↗
PubMed2005

Bronchoscopic intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide treated against bronchial obstruction caused by peanut aspiration.

We encountered a case of obstructive pneumonia 1 month after peanut aspiration. Bronchoscopic examination revealed obstruction of the right basal bronchus with immature granulation tissue due to the peanut aspiration. Despite antibiotic treatment, the obstruction had not been resolved. To relieve the bronchial obstruction, bronchoscopic intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide was performed without any complications. Seven days after injection, the bronchial obstruction had resolve. In conclusion, intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide may play a role in one of the non-surgical repairs against obstruction due to foreign body aspiration.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Integration and expression of Bluetongue VP2 gene in somatic embryos of peanut through particle bombardment method.

After pre-culture and treatment of osmosis, zygotic embryos of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were transformed via particle bombardment with a plasmid containing a Bluetongue VP2 gene (BTVP2) comprising neutralizing epitopes. Selection for Kanamycin resistant calluses and somatic embryos was initiated at 12th day post-bombardment on medium containing 25 mg/L Kanamycin. Under continuous selection, 12.38% Kanamycin resistant plantlets were regenerated from bombarded somatic embryos. The presence and integration of BTVP2 DNA in regenerated Kanamycin resistant plants were confirmed by southern hybridization assay using non-radioactive Digoxiginin BTVP2 probe. Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) enzyme activity was detected in transgenic somatic embryos but not from control, non-transformed embryos. The expression of the BTVP2 protein was confirmed through RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) using the RNA isolated from the transgenic callus employing BTVP2-specific primers. The production of transgenic peanut was mainly focused on evaluating a newly improved somatic embryogenesis regeneration system as well as the gene transfer method and to produce the Bluetongue outer coat protein that comprises the neutralizing epitopes.

Arachis↗
PubMed2002

Identification and analysis of a conserved immunoglobulin E-binding epitope in soybean G1a and G2a and peanut Ara h 3 glycinins.

To identify conserved immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes among legume glycinins, we utilized recombinant soybean G2a and G2a-derived polypeptide fragments. All of these fusion polypeptides bound IgE, and the C-terminal 94-residue fragment appeared to bind more IgE. Using synthetic peptides we identified S219-N233 (S(219)GFAPEFLKEAFGVN(233)) as the dominant IgE-binding epitope. Alanine scanning of this epitope indicated that six amino acids (E224, F225, L226, F230, G231, and V232) contributed most to IgE binding. Among these amino acids, only G231 of soybean G2a is not conserved in soybean G1a (S234) and peanut Ara h 3 (Q256). Synthetic peptides corresponding to the equivalent regions in G1a and Ara h 3 bound IgE in the order Ara h 3>/=soybean G2a>soybean G1a. This sequence represents a new IgE-binding epitope that occurs in a highly conserved region present in legume glycinins. Such IgE-binding sites could provide a molecular explanation for the IgE cross-reactivity observed between soybean and peanut proteins.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Immunogenicity of the N-glycans of peanut peroxidase.

The three tryptic glycopeptides of cationic peanut peroxidase (C. PRX) and the sole one of anionic peanut peroxidase (A. PRX) were individually coupled to bovine serum albumin to raise antisera. The three categories of antibodies directed towards three N-glycans of C. PRX (anti-GLa, anti-GLb and anti-GLc) were isolated from antisera with glycan-conjugated ECH Sepharose 4B affinity columns and the distribution of epitopes on the N-glycans was investigated. The reactivity of anti-GLa, anti-GLb and anti-GLc is inhibited 25-40% by 1 M fucose, compared with a slight inhibition by N-acetylglycosamine and xylose. Mannose and galactose showed no inhibition to anti-GLa and only a slight inhibition to anti-GLb and anti-GLc. All of anti-GLa, anti-GLb and anti-GLc recognize A. PRX and horseradish peroxidase but do not recognize fetuin. Also, their reactivity is inhibited by bromelain by more than 70%. The three categories of antibodies present high homogeneity and appear to be directed mainly towards the core structure [Xyl] (Man)3 [Fuc] (GlcNAc)2. An effective and simple method to screen antibodies with carbohydrate specificities is described herein.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Long-term prospective observational study of patients with peanut and nut allergy after participation in a management plan.

BACKGROUND: Peanut and nut allergy is common and the most frequent cause of severe or fatal reactions to foods. Current advice is poor--doctors give an epinephrine injector to patients, without training or advice on nut avoidance--so that further reactions are common and deaths occur. We devised and assessed a management programme providing advice on nut avoidance and emergency medication. METHODS: Unselected referrals with confirmed peanut or tree-nut allergy were recruited. Severity of nut allergy was graded 1-5 and emergency medication allocated accordingly: oral antihistamine with or without inhaled or injected epinephrine. Patients, parents, and school staff received verbal and written advice on nut avoidance as well as training in recognition and self-treatment of reactions, with a written treatment plan. At follow-up (more than 13610 patient months) retraining was given and details of further reactions obtained. FINDINGS: 88 (15%) of 567 patients had a follow-up reaction of reduced severity. 62 of 88 were mild (grades 1-3, mainly cutaneous) and 49 patients used oral antihistamine, six inhaled adrenaline, and ten took no treatment. 12 of 12 patients with a moderate follow-up reaction improved after inhaled epinephrine. Only three (0.5%) of 567 patients, aged 27-40 years, had a severe follow-up reaction (involving dyspnoea) compared with 12% initially. Only one of 567 changed from a mild index reaction to a severe follow-up reaction. Patients with a moderate/severe (grade 4-5) reaction were older (median 18 years vs 9 years; p=0.03) and nine of 26 received injected epinephrine which was always effective. 85% of patients had no further reactions. Severity was related to the amount of nut eaten. INTERPRETATION: Self-treatment was effective (inhaled epinephrine for early laryngeal oedema and an epinephrine injector for severe reactions) but provision of this treatment, including who should carry epinephrine, required assessment of allergy severity. Our management plan was effective, and our results indicate that patients should be referred to specialist allergy centres for advice on nut avoidance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Identification of a cDNA clone encoding for a galactose-binding lectin from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seedling roots.

A cDNA clone obtained from developing peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seedling roots, when expressed in Escherichia coli and insect cells (Sf9) gave a 29 kDa subunit protein. The native recombinant protein agglutinates neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes and the agglutination is inhibited by galactose. Nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid sequence analyses indicate that it is different from peanut seed (PNA and SGL) and nodule (NGLa and NGLb) galactose-binding lectins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Survival and efficiency of cowpea rhizobia on pelleted and non-pelleted peanut seeds, treated with fungicides.

Peanut seeds were either normally inoculated with the legume inoculant Okadin, containing cowpea rhizobia, or pelleted and treated with each of the fungicides Brassical, Thiram, Orthocide 75, Falisan, Vitavax 75, and Agrosan. The seeds were then incubated at room (+/- 25 degrees C) or refrigeration temperatures (+/- 5 degrees C). Survival tests were made after 2 and 10 days. Treated seeds were also planted in pots containing Nile silt for testing the efficiency of rhizobia as affected by the fungicide and the pelleting treatments. Pelleting of peanut seeds enhanced the survival of rhizobia whether seeds were incubated at room or refrigeration temperature. Protection was more pronounced when seeds were kept at low temperature. This was true of the fungicides Brassical, Orthocide 75, Vitavax 75, Thiram, and Agrosan. Falisan, however, did not help the rhizobia to survive. All the fungicides tested reduced the number of rhizobia to nil within 10 days when the seeds were normally inoculated and then treated and incubated at room temperature. The numbers of rhizobia were appreciably reduced when incubated at refrigeration temperature. Pelleting tended to prevent the harmful effect of the fungicides. This was clearly demonstrated with a tendency of an increase in the total nitrogen of the plants. On the contrary, normally inoculated and treated seeds grew into plants with reduced amounts of total nitrogen fixed.

Arachis↗