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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Total contact casts and removable cast walkers. Mitigation of plantar heel pressure.

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of various modalities to reduce pressure in the plantar heel. Twenty-five patients with grade 1A plantar foot ulcerations were evaluated; a repeat measures design comparing plantar pressure was used to evaluate the total contact cast, the Aircast pneumatic walker, the DH pressure relief walker, and depth-inlay shoes. The total contact cast reduced pressure significantly better than the other modalities; however, its pressure reduction was only 33% less than a baseline sneaker. All other modalities reduced significantly more pressure than the depth-inlay shoe. The DH walker had a significantly lower pressure-time integral than other modalities. These data indicate that, while the total contact cast appears to be effective compared with other modalities, the role that limitation of transverse motion of the fat pad on compression at heel strike has yet to be fully explained.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1999

Identifying and mitigating risks at outpatient clinics/remote locations.

Healthcare security professionals are facing new challenges as their responsibilities in a fast-changing environment are increasing. The level of healthcare professionalism, the author says, can be improved through the use of risk assessments, strategic planning and design, security safeguards, and security program measurement. In this article, he discusses the importance of a site survey--providing a valuable checklist as well as giving proactive approaches for multiple and remote location protection. By using objective, site-specific crime forecasts and research, he claims, risks can be identified and predicted.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2000

Specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram mitigates experimental colitis in mice.

The specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram is a potent suppressor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) synthesis. We examined the efficacy of rolipram for the prevention and treatment of experimental colitis. To induce colitis, BALB/c mice received 5% dextran sulfate sodium in their drinking water continuously for up to 11 days. Colitis was quantified by a clinical activity score assessing weight loss, stool consistency, and rectal bleeding (range from 0 to 4); by colon length; by a semiquantitative histologic score (range from 0 to 6); and by detecting TNF concentration in colonic tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In a first protocol, rolipram (10 mg/kg b.wt./day i.p.) was started on the same day as dextran sulfate sodium. Rolipram reduced the clinical activity of colitis (score 1.1 +/- 0.3) compared with mice that did not receive rolipram (2.4 +/- 0.4; P =.041). Rolipram also partially reversed the reduction of colon length (without rolipram, 12.4 +/- 0. 3 cm; with rolipram, 15.4 +/- 0.7 cm; P =.004) and improved the histologic score (1.5 +/- 0.6 in rolipram-treated mice versus 4.6 +/- 0.5; P =.020). Rolipram suppressed colonic tissue TNF concentrations. The beneficial effect of rolipram was confirmed in a second protocol in which dextran sulfate sodium exposure was discontinued on day 7 and rolipram was administered from day 8 through day 15. These three series of experiments on a total of 153 mice documented the efficacy of rolipram in both the prevention and treatment of experimental colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Reduction and mitigation of thermal injuries: what can be done?

Soon after the introduction of the crashworthy fuel system and Nomex flight apparel, morbidity and mortality rates from thermal injuries in aviation were reduced to zero. Although the incidence of aircraft mishaps involving postcrash fires have remained the same, there has been a recent increase in thermal injury morbidity. These case reports describe three different aircraft accidents in which fire was caused by factors other than the crashworthy fuel system. They also describe sustained thermal injuries and compare them to personal protection equipment. We found that the condition of the personal protective equipment and unauthorized use of unapproved apparel were responsible for the sustained injuries. We maintain that personal protection equipment is effective if worn in the manner for which it was designed. We believe that the lessons learned apply to all military operations where the risk of fire is high, not solely aviation. A proactive program focused on education would reduce the thermal injury morbidity.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed2001

Fructose, 1,6-diphosphate mitigates CCl4 suppressed nitric oxide synthase activity in rats.

Effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were studied individually and in combination on rat endothelial (ET) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities in vivo, inhibition of ET and SMC NOS activity in CCl4 treated rats was reversed in FDP + CCl4 treated animals. Cellular based NOS activity was significantly increased in FDP treated group of rats when compared to non treated controls. The results suggest a significant increase in NOS in rats treated with a combination of FDP + CCl4 thus overcoming the suppression of NOS exposed to CCl4 alone.

Animals↗