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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. A study mainly focused on imipenem. Reported by the Research Group for Testing Imipenem Susceptibility on Clinical Isolates].

This study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (IPM) and other antibacterial agents at 64 hospital laboratories throughout Japan from September to December of 1988. In this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory and the tests were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by NCCLS in which susceptibilities are classified into "S", "MS", "I" and "R". IPM showed markedly high in vitro activities against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Alcaligenes spp., Peptococcus spp./Peptostreptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides spp. IPM also had strong activities against Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but less active against Flavobacterium spp., E. faecium, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas cepacia. In a study in which activities of IPM against bacteria isolated from different clinical sources were compared, differences in susceptibilities were observed among S. aureus, CNS, A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa, but such differences were not apparent among S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens or P. mirabilis.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated power and line isolation monitors.

Isolated power and line isolation monitor systems are standards in operating rooms and cardiac catheterization suites. They provide the patient and the equipment user with the knowledge of potential hazards. When a potential hazard occurs, appropriate corrective action can take place to prevent unnecessary injury.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1975

Isolation and characterization of an adenovirus and isolation of its adenovirus-associated virus in cell culture from foals with respiratory tract disease.

An adenovirus was isolated from a foal with respiratory tract disease. The virus produced cytopathic effects (CPE) in equine embryo kidney (EEK) cell culture, contained deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), was resistant to chloroform and pH 3, and was moderately resistant to heat. The virus caused hemagglutination of human (type O) erythrocytes. Viral density was 1.34 g/cm,3 and diameter was 75 nm. An adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) isolated from the infected cell culture was 22 nm in diameter. These viruses are classified as equine adenovirus and equine AAV.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1988

Gene isolation with human T lymphocyte probes. Isolation of a gene that expresses an epitope recognized by T cells specific for Mycobacterium bovis BCG and pathogenic mycobacteria.

We have used human CD4+ T lymphocyte clones as primary probes to identify and isolate lambda gt11 rDNA clones that express epitopes recognized by T cells. The method that we describe here permits a direct survey of T cell epitope coding sequences in genomic DNA or cDNA libraries. A lambda gt11 library of Mycobacterium leprae DNA was screened with M. leprae-reactive human T cell clones as probes, allowing the isolation of a M. leprae DNA clone encoding the unidentified Ag. This DNA clone differs in restriction maps from those previously identified by antibody probes and encodes an epitope that is unique to vaccine strains of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and pathogenic mycobacteria. This method is generally applicable and should expedite the study of Ag and epitopes important to the T cell response in infections and in autoimmune diseases.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cotton roll isolation versus Vac-Ejector isolation.

A visible-light-cured, white pit-and-fissure sealant was applied to 523 teeth in school children using either cotton rolls or a VacEjector for isolation. After a minimum of six months, the patients were recalled and the retention of the sealants was evaluated. No significant difference in sealant retention was found between the two isolation methods.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1989

[Susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. A study mainly focused on ofloxacin (the second report). Reported by the Research Group for Testing ofloxacin Susceptibility on Clinical Isolates].

Susceptibilities of various clinical isolates to ofloxacin (OFLX) and other antibacterial drugs were examined at 128 hospital laboratories in 36 prefectures throughout Japan between April, 1986 and March, 1987. The results were totalized with an emphasis mainly on OFLX and were compared with data obtained in the previous year. In this study, identification and susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out at each hospital laboratory and the tests were performed according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc method in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: , ++, +, and -. Similarly to the study performed in the previous year, species showing susceptibilities to OFLX included Staphylococcus aureus (4,205 strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2,009 strains), Entercoccus faecalis (1,697 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (702 strains), Escherichia coli (4,097 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1,375 strains), Enterobacter cloacae (762 strains), Enterobacter aerogenes (296 strains), Citrobacter freundii (406 strains), Proteus mirabilis (613 strains), Morganella morganii (320 strains), Serratia marcescens (869 strains), Haemophilus influenzae (1,282 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4,206 strains), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (351 strains), Acinetobacter sp. (415 strains), and Campylobacter jejuni (151 strains). Neisseria gonorrhoeae (26 strains) were exceptional due to their smaller number this time than that of the previous year and only the susceptibility to OFLX was investigated with this species. As results, OFLX showed strong antibacterial activities (similar to the previous year) against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, N. gonorrhoeae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, C. freundii, P. mirabilis, M. morganii, H. influenzae, A. calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter sp., and C. jejuni. However, when these susceptibilities shown in the present study were compared to those obtained in the previous year, many species showed decreases in the occurrence of or increases in -, though they were rather small changes. The following species were not totalized in the previous year due to their low numbers but were summarized in combination with those examined in this study: Streptococcus pyogenes (944 strains), Streptococcus agalactiae (815 strains), Enterococcus faecium (146 strains), Branhamella catarrhalis (135 strains), Citrobacter diversus (128 strains), Klebsiella oxytoca (873 strains), Proteus vulgaris (438 strains), Serratia liquefaciens (266 strains), Pseudomonas cepacia (433 strains), Pseudomonas putida (154 strains), Xanthomonas maltophilia (272 strains), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (120 strains), Bacteroides fragilis (98 strains),

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and properties of beta-galactosidase of a strain of Lactobacillus helveticus isolated from natural whey starter.

beta-Galactosidase has been isolated from Lactobacillus helveticus of a strain isolated from natural starters for the manufacture of Argentine hard cheeses and its properties have been studied. The enzyme was purified 14-fold (by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose 6B-DEAE-cellulose columns and by affinity chromatography in agarose-p-aminophenyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside). The purified extract exhibited a single band following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Maximum enzymatic activity was observed at 42 degrees C and pH 6.5 in 50 mM phosphate buffer. At pH values substantially different from the optimum, a positive cooperativity between substrate molecules was observed. The Km's for o-nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) and ONPG + 10 mM of lactose were 4.46 X 10(-5) and 8.9 X 10(-5) M, respectively. Glucose, galactose, galactose 6-phosphate, and lactate acted as noncompetitive inhibitors; MgCl2 protected the enzyme from thermal denaturation. The activation energy of enzymatic hydrolysis of ONPG was 11,400 cal/mol. The Mr was estimated to be 250,000. It is an oligomeric enzyme made of 4 subunits of Mr 65,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Nephritogenic glycoprotein isolated from human placenta--purification and isolation by sonication].

Previously, we reported that we succeeded in isolating from human placenta a substance comparable to human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from glomerular basement membrane (GBM). This time we purified a sample isolated from human placental trophoblast basement membrane (TrBM) with the methods for purifying renal nephritogenic glycoprotein and clarified its chemical composition. To purify the sample prepared from human placental TrBM, we fractionated the sample by Zone Electrophoresis, Concanavalin A(Con A) affinity column chromatography and Bio Gel P200 column chromatography. As the active fraction of the sample purified from human placental TrBM bound specifically with Con A, it proved to be a glycoprotein. The monosaccharide composition of this glycoprotein was rich in glucose (glucose, galactose and mannose were in the ratio of 1.00:0.30:0.33) and the amino acid composition of this glycoprotein contained no collagenous components. Ouchterlony gel diffusion demonstrated the existence of a common precipitin line between antiserum to human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from GBM and human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from GBM, purified human placental glycoprotein, the sample prepared from human placental TrBM by sonication and nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from urine of S.L.E. patient.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

[Nephritogenic glycoprotein isolated from human placenta (methods of isolation from placenta].

In our experiments, we succeeded in obtaining from human placenta a substance comparable to human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from GBM (glomerular basement membrane). The procedure was quite similar to that for preparation from the kidney. At first, placental terminal villi were isolated by the successive use of three metal sieves. Then trophoblast basement membranes (TrBM) were isolated from placental terminal villi by ultrasonic disruption. Finally TrBM were made soluble by trypsin digestion, after which they were further digested by pronase. Ouchterlony gel diffusion demonstrated the existence of a common precipitin line between antiserum to human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from GBM and antiserum to the sample prepared from human placental TrBM, and human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from GBM and the sample prepared from human placental TrBM. The monosaccharide composition of the sample prepared from human placental TrBM was rich in glucose (glucose, galactose and mannoside in the ratio of 1.00 : 0.74 : 1.00), and the amino acid composition of the sample contained no collagenous components. As a result of fractionation of the sample prepared from human placental TrBM by Bio Gel P200 column chromatography, the activity of renal nephritogenic glycoprotein was found within the void fraction.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1982

[Identification of some thermobacteria isolated from yogurts and the DNA homology of the isolates].

20 thermobacteria were isolated from Turkish yogurts and some cultural characteristics of the isolated were determined. It was found that 5d and 61f resembled Lactobacillus bulgaricus. On the contrary, 8b was entirely different from these two types. In this study, G + C contents of DNA molecules, configuration of lactic acid production, DNA homology, LHD enzymes were determined and result were compared. Types 5d and 61f were found to be important for the dairy industry. Type 8b could not be classified upon its cultural characteristics. The results of DNA homology showed that type 8b was not L. bulgaricus.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

[Susceptibilities of clinical isolates to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Susceptibility of clinical isolates from patients with complex and refractory infections].

Four hundred strains (13 species, 8 genera) were obtained from patients with complicated and intractable infections. The antibiotic sensitivities of these isolates were determined in relation to aminoglycoside (AGs) (GM, DKB, AMK, HBK), beta-lactam (SBPC, PIPC, CMZ), and FOM. 1. The frequency of clinical isolates that were resistant to GM and DKB in this study was high level in the case of S. aureus, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens, Proteus spp. (indole positive) and P. aeruginosa. And some of them were also resistant to AMK and HBK. However HBK had potent antibacterial activity to S. aureus. The inactivating enzyme contributing to AGs resistance was AAC for almost Gram-negative bacillis and APH + AAC for S. aureus. But AGs was not permeable only to P. maltophilia. 2. Almost similar resistant patterns were seen to SBPC and PIPC. However, the frequency of resistant strains of S. aureus to SBPC was less than one of PIPC, while that of Citrobacter spp. to PIPC was less than SBPC. Among of other bacteria, P. aeruginosa and Proteus spp. (indole positive) had moderate sensitivity to SBPC and PIPC. 3. CMZ had poor antibacterial activity to Enterobacter spp. and S. marcescens and no activity to P. aeruginosa. It had moderate activity to Citrobacter spp. and potent activity to S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Proteus spp. (indole positive). 4. FOM had antibacterial activity to all the bacteria tested. Almost FOM-sensitive bacteria had moderate MICs (6.25-25 micrograms/ml).

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1981

Salmonella agona isolated from fish meal and a Salmonella strain isolated from shrimps in Lebanon.

Salmonella agona was isolated from an imported fish meal specimen and a Salmonella strain not listed in the Kauffmann-White Scheme was isolated from a shrimp specimen obtained from the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon. The biochemical and serological properties of the S. agona fish meal strain was identical to a standard strain. The serotype of the shrimp strain was O13,22 Vi. With the exception of hydrogen sulfide production the biochemical properties of the shrimp strain were similar to S. agona.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1995

[A novel fungicide of the iturin group, obtained from a marine isolate of Bacillus subtilis. Isolation, physico-chemical and biochemical properties, identification].

Strain KMM 457 of Bacillus subtilis was isolated from a frozen sample of the soft coral Sarcophyton sp. The samples were collected in 1989 in the South China Sea near the Vietnam Shore during an expedition on the board of R/V "Akademik Oparin". Metabolites of the isolate were investigated and it was found to produce a number of physiologically active compounds. One of them designated as OGA showed fungicidal activity. By the physicochemical properties it was referred to the group of iturins. The comparison with the described antibiotics of the iturin group suggested that it was a new representative of the iturin group.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Annual number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated inpatients, and antibacterial activity of various antibiotics against P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens of inpatients].

In recent years, isolation rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has decreased, while the rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has increased. This phenomenon may be a result of regulation of use of antibiotics which belongs to the third cephems and extensive preventive measures against hospital acquired infections due to MRSA. Based on our investigation in which we determined MICs of various antibiotics against P. aeruginosa strains isolated from inpatients, the antibacterial activities of cefclidin (CFCL) was superior to those of other antibiotics. The antibacterial activity of CFCL against P. aeruginosa tested was similar to or stronger than that of tobramycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Study on the characteristics of molecular epidemiology for Salmonella typhi isolated in China. II. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene restriction patterns (16S rRNA GRP) of S. typhi isolated in China].

16S rRNA gene, a highly conservative gene in molecular evolution, was labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP by PCR. Using it as a probe, we investigated the 16S rRNA gene restriction patterns (16S rRNA GRP) of S. typhi after their chromosomes were digested with Pst I. Results show that the Pst I 16S rRNA GRP appears obvious polymorphism in strains of distinctive sources. The fragments containing 16S rRNA gene are sized 7.0-26.5kb in 16S rRNA GRP of Pst I. 119 strains can be divided into 38 ribotypes. Most of the strains causing outbreaks from Dalian in 1990 and strains isolated during the pandemic from Yili, Xinjiang in 1991 have the same ribotype; some ribotypes contain epidemic strains which are from different geographic areas; some strains from sporadic cases have their unique ribotypes. We also find the 16S rRNA GRP with Pst I of S. typhimurium rather different from that of S. typhi. Data from further analysis of Pst I ribotypes by mean-linkage clustering method show that pandemic strains, outbreak strains and epidemic strains cluster at 0.55 in genetic distance; nonepidemic strains and strains from sporadic cases gather to form another cluster at 0.70 in genetic distance. Ribotype of strain 251, which was isolated forman asymptomatic carrier is different from the two clusters. The ribotype of S. typhimurium is apparently far distant, comparing with that of S. typhi.

China↗
PubMed1976

[ 771 Shigella strains isolated in a 15-year period from Americans living in Ankara. Comparisons with Shigella strains isolated from Turkish natives].

The author had worked as a bacteriologist in Ankara American Air Force Hospital from 1958 to 1972. During this period of time he was able to isolate 771 shigella strains from the American patients of the hospital. The amounts and the percentages of the subgroups are listed below together with the two other Ankara City Pediatric hospital results (see article). american community lived in Ankara for 15 years and shared many aspects which were important in shigella epidemiology like using city's tap water, shopping from the same green groceries to by fruits and vegetables so on. For shigella cases Ankara had seasonal alterations in July and August being the peak months. Americans, disease followed that course exactly. The big difference was being the local people of the city had those epidemics with the flexneri strains but Americans had them with the sonnei strains. To show the possible sources which could infect the community time to time and make sonnei predominant yielded negative result. All the patients stools were cultured. Sensitivity studies employing "plate disk diffusion" techniques were done. All patients treated accordingly. Stools checked for routine carriership exams. None become a chronic carrier. American installations had their shops, clubs, mess halls. The food handlers of these places had checked routinely by the preventive medicine office. None found infected. Only at 1963 the amount of flexneri isolations were higher than sonnei. All the remaining years sonnei were predominant. Antibiotic sensitivity studies showed no differences between subtypes. Except streptomycin and sulphamide strains stayed fairly sensitive to other antibiotics. Resistance factors contained maximum 6 markers. The little Americans community in Ankara consisted a unique and highly socioeconomic-wise developed group of the city. Many attempts to find the answer for the question is "who is infecting who" was always fruitless. That gives the impression as if the Americans were more sensitive to the shigella infections caused by sonnei strains for some reason. In another words Americans were more resistant to the infections other than sonnei.

Dysentery, Bacillary↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of mixed hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension and isolated diastolic hypertension in the elderly population in the community.

The prevalence of mixed hypertension (MHT), isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) was estimated in the elderly population in the register of a large general practice in Wrexam, North Wales. Of the 3289 elderly patients, born in 1927 or before, entered in the register of surgery, 1901 attended for the first screening. The mean SBP rose with age until the age of 80-84 years in males and 75-79 years in females and then gradually declined. The mean DBP showed an earlier decline in males than in females. The prevalence of hypertension at first screening was: mixed hypertension 9.8%, ISH 19.1% (DBP < 95 mmHg*, 23.1%*) and IDH 5.7% with a total prevalence of hypertension of 52.2%. The prevalence fell at each subsequent screening so that at the third screening MHT was 3.9%, ISH 4.2% (5.4%)* and IDH 1.0%, with a total prevalence of hypertension of 10.3%. The prevalence of ISH rose with age until 70-74 years of age and with the maximum prevalence in this age group and then gradually declined. There was a drastic drop in the prevalence of both mixed hypertension and IDH after the age of 70-74 years. This study provides data for this community and also supports earlier observations that hypertension is a common problem in the elderly and that ISH is the commonest form of hypertension in the elderly. It confirms the fall in mean DBP with age but reports a decline also in mean SBP after the age of 80-84 years in males and 75-79 years in females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1994

Six month pilot study of captopril for mildly symptomatic, severe isolated mitral and isolated aortic regurgitation.

Long term therapy with vasodilating drugs has been shown to reduce left ventricular size and improve performance in chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). Similar trials in mitral regurgitation (MR) have not been published, nor has the effect of medium or long term therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors been examined in either of these regurgitant lesions. Such therapy, if demonstrated to be effective in reducing left ventricular end-systolic size, might be anticipated to delay the need for valve replacement in asymptomatic patients. Medium term studies of the effects of ACE inhibitors on left ventricular size in regurgitant disease would therefore be helpful in designing long term trials to assess their impact on the timing of surgery. Patients with severe isolated MR (n = 32) or isolated AR (n = 23) and mild or no symptoms received either placebo or captopril 25 mg three times daily in a randomized, double blind, six month pilot study of left ventricular size using echocardiography. Treatment was well tolerated with no reported side effects. In MR, there were no significant immediate or 6-month effects of treatment on left ventricular diameter at end-systole (mean change at six months vs. baseline = +1% vs. +3% in placebo, p = 0.58 between groups) or end-diastole (+3% vs. 0% for placebo, p = 0.33). Nor was ejection fraction computed from radionuclide angiography effected by 6-month treatment (0.00 units vs. -0.01 units change in placebo).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗