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PubMed1976

Transactions of an international conference. Worldwide concern: better dental care for more people. An international collaborative study. How social surveys were conducted.

It is assumed that utilization of dental care services and hence the state of oral health is dependent on social and psychological characteristics of both consumers and providers. The sociological variables studied included the basic facts of age, sex, residence and socioeconomic status. Attitudes to general health care, past oral health care and self assessment of oral health status were also investigated. Accessibility of oral health care facilities in terms of cost, loss of time and distance travelled was assessed, as was the consumers estimate of the dentist's sensitivity and competence, his attitude to preventive care, aesthetic values and knowledge of oral health care measures. Sociologists from the participating countries cooperated in the formulation of questionnaires which could be applied with comparable results despite differences in language and culture. Adults were interviewed in their own homes while younger groups completed the questionnaire in school under the supervision of the researchers. In all cases the sociological survey preceded the clinical examination to reduce the introduction of bias. The data were collected in Geneva and analysed to determine the extent to which oral health status could be related to perception of need, personal oral health practices, availability, accessibility, acceptability and utilization of services. Further analysis may help to determine whether observed differences between populations relate more to the characteristics of the systems of dental care or to features inherent in the population of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Transactions of an international conference. Worldwide concern: better dental care for more people. An international collaborative study. How the oral and social measures were compared.

This paper explains the statistical methods used to reach the conclusions regarding the relationship between selected social variables and oral health status reported in subsequent papers referring to specific countries. The procedure called 'stepwise regression' was employed in relation to each of the three clinical categories of data. The single social variable which explains the greatest variation in the oral data is identified as the most important predictor. Its influence is then removed by mathematical adjustment and the second and subsequent social variables are similarly identified until no further ones remain which are significant in explaining remaining variability in the oral data. The effect of utilization was always removed first regardless of its predictive power. The findings for each country were used to construct 'tree' diagrams on which the best and worst pathways are indicated to give a profile of those subjects having the fewest and the most decayed teeth.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1976

Transactions of an international conference. Worldwide concern: better dental care for more people. An international collaborative study. How the study was designed.

The study originated from the common need felt by the United States Public Health Service and the World Health Organization for objective information about various national dental care delivery systems and their effectiveness in the societies in which they were used. The relationships between consumers, providers and administrators within each system were emphasized rather than the comparison between systems since each operated within a specific biological and ecological environment. Six systems all of which had been in existence for at least twenty years were originally selected for study to encompass those dependent on a majority of government or private enterprise, use or non-use of auxiliaries, differeing systems of financing and of definition of target groups for receipt of services. The countries originally taking part were Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Bulgaria, though Bulgaria withdrew early in 1975.

Administrative Personnel↗